Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Snoring”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 649 records · Page 36Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Oral appliances for the treatment of snoring and obstructive sleep apnea.

Oral appliances have been used by dentists for several decades to treat snoring and obstructive sleep apnea. Although these devices are regulated by the Food and Drug Administration, most have undergone only sparse clinical testing for efficacy and safety. Most otolaryngologists are not well-versed in their applicability as treatment options. This review summarizes the historical development of oral appliances, the types of available devices, the current literature regarding devices, and pertinent regulatory issues as they relate to the ongoing debate over appliance use and potential misuse.

Humans↗
PubMed1998

Oral appliances in the treatment of snoring and sleep apnea.

Oral appliances have been developed that are effective in snoring patients and in patients with mild to moderate sleep apnea. This article reviews the types of appliances that are available, their possible modes of action, and their efficacy. In addition, the clinician is provided with guidelines on how to choose the appropriate patient for this therapy.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1995

Cephalometric comparison of characteristics in chronically snoring patients with and without sleep apnea syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this investigation is to cephalometrically study 50 snoring patients with and without sleep apnea and to determine whether cephalograms can be used as a diagnostic tool to differentiate persons who are chronic snorers from persons with sleep apnea. STUDY DESIGN: A sample of 30 sleep apnea patients was compared with a sample of 20 chronic snorers without sleep apnea as documented by polysomnography. Forty cephalometric measurements were determined to study various skeletal, soft tissue, and airway abnormalities. RESULTS: This study showed that both groups presented multiple cephalometric abnormalities. Only four measurements differed significantly between the two samples. In the sleep apnea group the maxilla was retropositioned and the hypoid bone displaced inferiorly and distally as compared to nonapneic snorers. CONCLUSIONS: Because of the overall presence of abnormal cephalometric findings in both samples and given similar age and weight ranges, a differential diagnosis between chronic snorers with and without sleep apnea cannot be reliably based on standard cephalometric evaluation alone.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Diagnostic and treatment implications of nasal obstruction in snoring and obstructive sleep apnea.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this review is to highlight fundamental aspects of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and to present an overview of the medical literature that pertains to the clinical interplay between various allergy-related disorders, nasal patency, and OSA. This should enable the reader to play a more proactive role in the diagnosis, management, and prevention of OSA. DATA SOURCES: Relevant reviews, texts, and articles. The MEDLINE database was used to find related literature. CONCLUSIONS: In predisposed individuals, OSA, sleep fragmentation, and the sequelae of disturbed sleep often result from nasal obstruction. Since breathing through the nose appears to be the preferred route during sleep, nasal obstruction frequently leads to nocturnal mouth breathing, snoring, and ultimately to OSA. Allergists can thus play a vital role in assessing sleep problems in their patients with allergic rhinitis and other upper respiratory disorders, in treating these problems more aggressively, and in some instances, in preventing them.

Humans↗
PubMed1995

Punctate diathermy of the soft palate: a new approach in the surgical management of snoring.

We present our experiences in the surgical management of 21 snorers, utilizing a new approach designed to stiffen the palatal musculature, without compromising its function. This was achieved by using a punctate pattern of intrapalatal diathermy to achieve fibrosis within the palate and hence the requisite stiffening. The initial results of this procedure are encouraging showing a subjective improvement in snoring in 85.7 per cent of patients and an increase in sleeping in the same room as their partner every night, from 14.3 per cent pre-operatively to 57.1 per cent post-operatively.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Abductor vocal fold palsy in the Shy-Drager syndrome presenting with snoring and sleep apnoea.

The case of an elderly male with Shy-Drager syndrome is presented. His presentation to the Sleep Clinic for assessment of snoring illustrates bilateral abductor vocal fold palsy as a rare presentation of the syndrome. This case emphasizes the need for thorough investigation of all patients with sleep-related breathing disorders with video and sound recordings prior to anaesthesia and surgery.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Simple treatment for snoring also a means of prediction of uvulopalatopharyngoplasty success?

The old Indian literature describes a technique known as Sutra-Neti. That is, passing a catheter or similar material through the nose and out of the mouth as a means of clearing the airway. One of our patients adapted this method, tying the catheter end to end, in order to control his severe snoring and obstructive sleep apnoea. This was effective for several months. He subsequently responded well to a uvulopalatopharyngoplasty.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Validation assessment of the Chinese version of the Snore Outcomes Survey.

The aim of this study was to use a parallel model to translate the Snore Outcomes Survey (SOS) into Mandarin Chinese language by comparing performing characteristics and statistical properties of the original and Chinese versions SOS. The Chinese version SOS (CSOS) was validated in a prospective, non-randomized manner. A total of 359 patients with sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) aged 18 years and older diagnosed as having SDB participated in the study at entry. Reliability, validity, and longitudinal sensitivity data for CSOS were obtained. CSOS demonstrated good test-retest reliability (Intra-class correlation coefficient = 0.751). The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.86. The item-total correlation coefficients varied from 0.30 to 0.99. The CSOS correlated well with polysomnogram (PSG) parameters including respiratory distress index (RDI), lowest arterial O2 saturation (LAST). CSOS also yielded significant correlations with vitality subscale of Chinese Taiwan version SF-36 (r = 0.4, p = 0.0011). The standard response mean (SRM) for CSOS was 1.33. The validation demonstrated only minor effects of language; the statistical properties of the CSOS were equivalent to the English version. The CSOS is a valid tool to evaluate adults with SDB among Chinese-speaking population.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[From simple snoring to sleep apnea syndrome--clinical spectrum].

About 40% of adults are habitual snorers. 2% of women and 4% of men between 30 and 60 years of age present additional sleep disordered breathing. There is a continuous spectrum from simple to disease-causing snoring ranging from merely disturbing noises to pharyngeal obstructions and breathing pauses. Repetitive episodes of upper airway obstructions lead to frequent arousals from sleep. Sleep fragmentation is responsible for non-refreshing sleep and subsequent excessive daytime sleepiness resulting in reduced performance at work, social problems and a higher risk for accidents. Furthermore there is a correlation between arousals and cardiovascular abnormalities. Anatomic narrowing of the upper airway or hypotonia of the orpharyngeal dilator muscles favour collapse of the oropharyngeal walls. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is characterized by repetitive oxyhemoglobin desaturations during sleep recorded by pulseoximetry. Polygraphy quantifies the average number of apneas and hypopneas which occur during one hour of sleep (apnea-hypopnea index = AHI). In upper airway resistance syndrome (= UARS), upper airway resistance is increased, but pharyngeal obstruction is not complete. Saturation doesn't decrease significantly, but arousals with consecutive sleep disruption still occur. Polysomnography is a comprehensive study including EEG-, EOG- and EMG-recordings. Sleep stages and events can be scored to evaluate sleep architecture, sleep efficiency and sleep fragmentation.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Surgical options for treatment of snoring and sleep apnea].

Simple snoring and obstructive sleep apnea are part of a complex disease process with a high prevalence. Surgical treatment options have been developed by otolaryngologists over the last decades. Knowledge of different surgical procedures is required to address the various findings during preoperative assessment. Patients with nasal airway blockage due to septal deviation, large turbinates or polyps may benefit from endonasal surgery. Obstructive tonsils, palatal webbing, and an enlarged uvula require surgical approaches including the soft palate and tonsils. The controversy on indications and contraindications for the standard uvulopalatopharyngoplasty, laser-assisted uvulopalatoplasty and the use of radiofrequency is still ongoing. Dysgnathia may require maxillofacial surgery and macroglossia may be treated with reductive surgery of the tongue. Narrowing of the posterior airway space at the level of the tongue base may be addressed by advancement of the bony insertion of the genioglossus muscle and suspension of the hyoid. A new procedure is the suspension of the tongue with a non-resorbable suture fixed to a mandible anchored screw. Our first promising results need to be re-evaluated over time.

Electrosurgery↗
PubMed2001

Sleep-related breathing disorders, loud snoring and excessive daytime sleepiness in obese subjects.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of sleep breathing disorders, loud snoring and excessive daytime sleepiness in a group of obese subjects, and to identify the predictors of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) severity in these patients. SUBJECTS: A total of 161 consecutive obese patients (body mass index (BMI)> or =30.0 kg/m(2)), ranging between 30.0 and 67.3, represented by 57 men and 104 women, aged 16-75 y. Forty (15 men and 25 women) age-matched (20-70 y) nonobese (BMI<27 kg/m(2)) volunteers were also recruited for the study. MEASUREMENTS: Respiratory function parameters, nocturnal sleep quality (evaluated by a specific questionnaire), nocturnal hypoventilation and OSA (evaluated by night polysomnography) were examined in all subjects. Anthropometric parameters (neck circumference, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio) were also investigated. RESULTS: Eighty-three obese patients (51.5% of the obese group) had a respiratory disturbance index (RDI)> or =10, corresponding to a moderate or severe sleep apnea. In particular, 24.8% (40/161), ie a quarter of all obese patients, were affected by severe OSA and this alteration was present in 42.1% of obese men (24/57) and in 15.4% (16/104) of obese women. When a stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed, neck circumference in men and BMI in women were shown to be the strongest predictors of sleep apnea. Twenty-nine percent of all obese subjects (40.3% of men and 23.1% of women) showed nocturnal hypoventilation; however, it was present as a unique breathing alteration in only 5% of the obese population. The percentage of patients having excessive daytime sleepiness was significantly higher than in nonobese subjects, even when only nonapneic obese patients were considered (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: This study shows that OSA is present in more than 50% of a population of obese patients with a mean BMI higher than 40.0, this percentage being much higher than that commonly reported in previous studies, particularly in women. Neck circumference in men and BMI in women seem to be the strongest predictors of the severity of OSA in obese patients. Nocturnal hypoventilation seems to be present in more than 29% of a severe obese population. Moreover, this study indicates that morbid obesity can be associated with excessive daytime sleepiness even in the absence of sleep apnea.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Relationship between sleep apnoea syndrome, snoring and headaches.

There is still a controversy regarding the relationship between sleep apnoea syndrome and headaches, especially morning headaches. Our objectives were: (i) to compare the prevalence and the clinical data of headaches in sleep apnoea syndrome (SAS) and control (snorers) groups defined by polysomnographic recording; (ii) to analyse the clinical improvement of headaches with appropriate treatment; and (iii) to correlate headaches with mood disorders, and nocturnal respiratory and architectural sleep parameters in order to understand the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. This is a prospective study of 324 consecutive patients referred to our sleep centre for snoring. Of these, 312 patients who underwent sleep polysomnography were finally included. Patients and controls were interviewed about their medical past, headache history and clinical characteristics, their daytime sleepiness (Epworth's sleepiness scale) and their mood disorders (Zerssen's scale). Follow-up of patients with headaches (SAS and control groups), treated or not, was also assessed. According to our definition of SAS, patients were dissociated in SAS (n=164) and snorers (n=148). Fifty-three SAS patients had headaches, of whom 58.5% (n=30) suffered from morning headaches. However, there was no statistical difference between the two groups concerning the prevalence and the clinical characteristics of headaches. In addition, headaches and morning headaches were not correlated with nocturnal respiratory and architectural sleep parameters, nor with excessive daytime sleepiness, but were strongly correlated with mood disorders. In 36 SAS patients, headaches improved under treatment, but this was not statistically different from what was found among untreated snorers. Headaches and morning headaches are common in patients with SAS but may be considered as a non-specific symptom. The underlying mechanisms are not fully elucidated but depression could play an important role. Despite this absence of specificity, the treatment of SAS, especially nasal continuous positive airway pressure, leads to an improvement in headaches in several cases.

Antidepressive Agents↗
PubMed1995

[Effects of surgical therapy of obstructive snoring on swallowing and voice quality].

The efficacy of uvulopharyngopalatoplasty (UPPP) in treating obstructive snoring has been reported from many centers. The reduction of uvula and soft palate may result in palatal incompetence. We examined 23 patients undergoing UPPP pre- and postoperatively and found a slight preoperative hypernasality in three patients. None of our patients had problems with swallowing. During the first week postoperatively, most of the patient had hypernasality and noted a nasal escape of liquids. Three to four months after surgery, three patients still had problems swallowing. All 21 patients seen during the last follow-up examination had a nasal escape of air detected by auscultation in at least one of the tests. Two patients had an audible hypernasality. Two patients could not pronounce the letters any more. More than one year after surgery, palatal incompetence was no longer detectable.

Deglutition Disorders↗
PubMed2002

Influence of mandibular protruding device on airway passages and dentofacial characteristics in obstructive sleep apnea and snoring.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of a mandibular protruding device (MPD) after 2 years of nocturnal use on the upper airway and its surrounding structures. Lateral cephalograms in the upright position were taken of patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and of patients with snoring problems at the beginning of treatment and at the 2-year follow-up. Two computer programs were used to analyze the cephalograms. A total of 65 patients, 44 with OSA and 21 snorers, were analyzed. The linear distances in the pharynx had increased significantly at the 2-year follow-up; the calculated pharyngeal area had increased on average by 9% (mean, +58.3 mm(2)). The velum area had decreased (mean, -31.5 mm(2)), which accounts for about half the increase in the relative area of the pharynx. The average linear distances between the hyoid bone and the 2 reference lines, ie, nasal line (NL) and mandibular line (ML), had increased significantly. Mandibular protrusion (SNB) was slightly reduced, on average -0.4 degrees (P <.01), and the lower incisors were proclined (ILi/ML), on average +1.5 degrees (P <.05). In conclusion, nocturnal use of an MPD for 2 years increased the airway passage because of an increase in the relative area of the pharynx by a mean of 9% in OSA patients and snorers. A mandibular posterior rotation and a proclination of the lower incisors were observed but considered modest.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Longitudinal changes in craniofacial factors among snoring and nonsnoring Bolton-Brush study participants.

The extent to which craniofacial risk factors are manifested from childhood in habitual snorers and those with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in craniofacial factors between snorers and nonsnorers from childhood to adulthood. The sample consisted of 80 Bolton-Brush subjects (men, 52%; white, 100%) recalled at adult ages (53-78 years) who had existing prepubertal (age, 4-5 years) and pubertal (age, 12-13 years) records. Snoring was assessed at the adult age through subjective and spousal reports. Cephalometric radiographs were used to characterize 13 craniofacial hard and soft tissue measurements. The t tests revealed that there was a trend (P <.10) for longer hyoid-to-mandibular plane distance at prepubertal and pubertal ages and significant (P <.05) differences at adult recall for snorers. Posterior airway space was significantly smaller for snorers at adult recall. The longitudinal analysis did show a significant change in 9 craniofacial variables over time, but this change was not different between snorers and nonsnorers. We concluded that snorers exhibit a lowered hyoid position from childhood and that longitudinal changes must be explored further with a larger sample.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Different methods for evaluating daytime tiredness in snoring men.

Many snorers complain of daytime tiredness and reduced mental energy. In 42 middle-aged snoring men, the results of sections relating to mental energy in 2 quality-of-life instruments, energy in the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) and vitality in the Psychological General Well-Being (PGWB) questionnaire, were compared with those of population samples. The snorers were significantly more tired than the population samples (p < 0.001). The scores for the NHP and PGWB were then correlated with a visual analogue scale (VAS) of drowsiness. The correlation coefficient between NHP (energy) and the corresponding VAS value was r = 0.52 (p < 0.001). The correlation coefficient between PGWB (vitality) and the VAS value for drowsiness was r = -0.56 (p <0.001). When nasal breathing was improved with the use of the Nozovent nostril dilator at night for 1 month, NHP (energy) and the VAS value for drowsiness improved significantly (p < 0.001). A single VAS value for drowsiness is a good instrument for evaluating daytime tiredness and for measuring the clinical effect of treatment in snorers.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

The ABZzzzs of snoring.

Snorers sleep through their obnoxiously loud breathing, but other members of their household often do not. Their bed partner and family members may grow so tired of the noise that they insist the offender seek medical attention. Physiologic problems such as obesity, narrowing of the airway, or inadequate oropharyngeal muscle tone often can be identified as the cause of snoring. Whenever possible, the underlying disorder should be treated.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Effects of a mandibular advancement device for the treatment of sleep apnea syndrome and snoring on respiratory function and sleep quality.

In this study the fabrication of a simplified mandibular advancement device for sleep apnea syndrome was described. Its effect on respiratory function and sleep quality variables was evaluated polysomnographically in 256 patients with sleep apnea syndrome and snoring. Polysomnographic recordings were performed twice, before and after insertion of the oral appliance. The mean apneahypopnea index (AHI) decreased significantly (p < 0.0001) with the appliance to 18.2 from 43.2 without it. Responders defined by AHI < 10 were 54% and those defined as a 50% decrease of AHI were 66%. Oxygen saturation, duration of apnea, sleep efficiency, and total arousal were improved significantly after treatment without major side effects. The device improved significantly the respiratory function and sleep quality in patients with sleep apnea syndrome. Compliance was about 90% followed for 2.5 years. This appliance offers some advantages over other therapies because it is noninvasive, easy to fabricate, and well accepted by patients.

Adult↗