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At least 649 records · Page 36Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Excimer laser phototherapeutic keratectomy retreatment of anterior basement membrane dystrophy and Salzmann's nodular degeneration with topical mitomycin C.

PURPOSE: To report a case of excimer laser phototherapeutic keratectomy retreatment of anterior basement membrane (ABM) dystrophy and Salzmann's nodular degeneration with a single intraoperative application of topical mitomycin C (0.02%). METHODS: Case report. RESULTS: A 91-year-old woman underwent excimer laser phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) in the left eye for ABM dystrophy and Salzmann's nodular degeneration causing decreased visual acuity (VA), ocular irritation, and recurrent erosions. Slit-lamp examination of both eyes revealed diffuse ABM dystrophy changes with mild to moderate subepithelial and anterior stromal haze and scarring involving the visual axis. The PTK treatment was preceded by a superficial keratectomy with a blade. The excimer laser was set for a 6-mm circular ablation zone with a treatment depth of 5 microm. The cornea remained clear for several months. Six months after surgery, the patient presented with difficulty reading and VA of 20/70. Slit-lamp examination of the left eye revealed recurrent Salzmann-type nodular degeneration inferior to the visual axis. A treatment course of topical steroids was not successful. She underwent another superficial keratectomy with a blade and PTK treatment (same laser parameters as the first procedure) with a 2-minute application of 0.02% mitomycin C on a cellulose sponge. The surgery proceeded without complications. On postoperative day 7, she presented with a healed epithelium and faint anterior stromal haze. Best-corrected visual acuity was 20/50, which is her best-expected VA. Six months after the procedure, the cornea revealed no signs of recurrence. CONCLUSION: The use of topical mitomycin C in conjunction with PTK may prevent recurrence of Salzmann's nodular degeneration.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Glaucoma case detection.

In Dalby more than 1,000 residents have been followed for a decade (1977-1987) with periodic comprehensive eye examinations including family history, ophthalmoscopy, slit-lamp examination, applanation tonometry, and computerized perimetry. The large majority were followed at long intervals (2.75 and 5.65 years). Ophthalmoscopy and tonometry were used to select a minor part of the population to be followed at shorter intervals. In this way 16 out of 24 manifest glaucomas detected after the first survey were found among patients followed at shorter intervals. A closer look at the data suggested that the selection could have been further improved if the slit-lamp examination and the family history had been used in much the same way as ophthalmoscopy and tonometry. On this basis new criteria to select persons said to have 'presumptive glaucoma' are proposed.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Corneal topography of early keratoconus.

We used a corneal topography analysis system to evaluate nine eyes of seven patients in whom the diagnosis of keratoconus was suspected. There was no slit-lamp evidence of the condition. In seven of nine eyes a cone was identified. Large amounts of corneal distortion were seen in selected patients even though they had excellent spectacle-corrected visual acuity and little or no distortion of the keratometer mires. These findings suggest that corneal topography analysis systems are useful in the detection and description of corneal irregularity in the early stages of keratoconus. The radial keratotomy surgeon should be aware that normal results on slit-lamp examination and normal keratometry and refractive data do not rule out the presence of early keratoconus.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Vitreous photography with a wide-angle funduscopic lens.

A wide-angle funduscopic lens was used to take slit-lamp photographs of the posterior vitreous. The lens was then evaluated for its optics, magnification, field of view, and photographic usefulness and compared with the photographs taken using double aspheric preset lenses. The advantages of the wide-angle funduscopic lens were its wider field of view and ability to photograph the vitreous in the presence of a small pupil and cataract. The drawbacks were the darker image, low magnification, and artifactitious light reflection from the lens. The slit-lamp photographs using the wide-angle funduscopic lens were very useful in some complicated cases.

Eye Diseases↗
PubMed1997

Cataract progression in India.

AIMS: The study was undertaken to test the feasibility of using the LOCS III cataract grading scale in the field and to determine the rate of cataract progression over a 1 year period of time. METHODS: For 150 subjects between the ages of 33 and 55 who attended the refraction clinic at Aravind Eye Hospital in Madurai, India, lens abnormalities were graded at the slit lamp using the LOCS III scale. One year later, 99 of the subjects were re-evaluated by the same methodology to assess the amount of lens change. RESULTS: Interrater reliability was high. A change of 0.5 or more in lens colour, cortical, nuclear, or posterior subcapsular cataract was observed in at least one eye of 54% of the subjects. CONCLUSION: The LOCS III grading scale is a feasible method for measuring lens changes in the field with the slit lamp. Cataract progression in India is rapid enough to permit intervention studies to be performed with relatively small numbers of subjects over a short period of time (that is, 600 subjects for 2 years).

Adult↗
PubMed1977

The course of carrageenin-induced iridocyclitis in rabbits.

On the basis of biochemical indices in the aqueous humor of the eye strictly related to intensity of inflammation, and morphologic observations with the slit-lamp microscope, dynamics of experimental carrageenin-induced inflammation of the anterior chamber of the eye was studied. Carrageenin-induced inflammation was characterized by intensity of changes in the aqueous humor within a few hours after infection of the inflammatory factor. Peak intensity of the disease process was observed six hours after administration of the inflammatory factor. Protein levels, seromucoid, sialic acid and proteolytic activity in the aqueous humor were correlated with intensity of clinical symptoms observed with the slit lamp. Carrageenin-induced inflammation of the anterior chamber of the eye is an entirely local reaction since the blood serum showed no significant abnormalities of the parameters that were studied. This model, based on biochemical and biomicroscopic studies, may prove useful in the studies of the dynamics of inflammation of the anterior chamber of the eye and for evaluation of anti-inflammatory drugs used in ophthalmology.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Specular microscopic study of X-ray-irradiated rabbit cornea.

PURPOSE: To investigate the influence of ionizing radiation on the corneal epithelium and endothelium of rabbit eyes. METHODS: Five healthy mature albino rabbits were unilaterally irradiated with 20 Gy of X-rays (250 kV, 12 mA). Slit-lamp biomicroscopic observation and specular microscopic examination of the corneal epithelium and endothelium were carried out before and 1, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, and 36 weeks after irradiation. We evaluated mean area of the superficial corneal epithelial cells, mean area and the percentage of hexagonal cells of the corneal endothelial cells, and corneal thickness. The statistical difference between the irradiated and control eyes was assessed using paired t-test. RESULTS: All animals developed cataract within 24 weeks. Slit-lamp biomicroscopy showed no apparent corneal abnormalities over the 36-week follow-up period. Specular microscopy revealed a significant enlargement of the superficial corneal epithelial cells from 4 to 12 weeks after irradiation (P<0.01), which disappeared at 16 weeks post-irradiation. Specular microscopy of the corneal endothelium showed enlargement and morphological alterations of the cells beginning 8 weeks after irradiation (P<0.05). These changes persisted throughout the study period. There were no statistically significant changes in corneal thickness. CONCLUSION: After X-ray radiation of 20 Gy, transient damage occurred in the corneal epithelium, while delayed and irreversible changes were seen in the endothelium.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

[The St. Gallen digital ophthalmological imaging system].

BACKGROUND: Digital photography has many advantages over the conventional method. At present commercially available digital ophthalmological imaging systems utilise only a fraction of the advantages of this technique and some of them have fundamental conceptional problems. METHODS: Images of a fundus camera, a slit lamp and a scanning laser ophthalmoscope were digitised using digital and video cameras and/or frame grabber cards. Digital images and movies were recorded via a personal computer. The image recording software was developed using an imaging library and open source software. The recorded images and video sequences were processed with three different commercially available programme packages. The images were archived in a around-the-clock accessible database. RESULT: Our digital imaging system is capable to record normal and high resolution slit lamp images, colour fundus images in normal resolution, Fluorescein angiography images in normal and high resolution, digital simultaneous ICG and Fluorescein videoangiograms (without compression) and high resolution macro images. Different functions, e.g., contrast enhancement are integrated in the image capture software. Most of the parameters of the image acquisition are individually adaptable. The digital image archive supports multiple image and video formats. CONCLUSIONS: Using standard software and hardware components an imaging system can be constructed featuring functions usually not available in commercial ones. Since the system is adaptable, recording of images with a wide variety of parameters, e.g., for measurements for scientific experiments, is possible.

Computer Systems↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ocular reactivation phenotype of HSV-1 strain F(MP)E, a corticosteroid-sensitive strain.

PURPOSE: Elucidate the ocular reactivation of HSV-1 strain F(MP)E. METHODS: Rabbit corneas were infected with HSV-1 strains McKrae and F(MP)E. Latency was established and rabbits were treated with epinephrine iontophoresis or corticosteroid injection (immunosuppression). Cultured tear films were used to determine the presence of infectious virus. Eyes of immunosuppressed rabbits were also examined by slit lamp biomicroscopy. Trigeminal ganglia were co-cultured on indicator cells at time of sacrifice for detection of virus. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect the number of viral genome copies in the trigeminal ganglia. RESULTS: Acute infections by strains McKrae and F(MP)E were the same. Ocular reactivation of strain F(MP)E by epinephrine iontophoresis was significantly reduced compared to McKrae (P </= 0.0001), but was not significantly different from McKrae after corticosteroid injection (P > 0.29). Slit lamp examination following corticosteroid injection showed a correlation of recurrent herpetic lesions with infectious virus in tear film swabs for both McKrae and F(MP)E. Trigeminal ganglia from rabbits latently infected with each strain and each method of induced reactivation resulted in infectious virus (P >/= 0.69). Genome copies for both strains were present and were highly variable. CONCLUSIONS: HSV-1 strain F(MP)E has low reactivation following epinephrine iontophoresis compared to McKrae, but has high reactivation like McKrae in response to corticosteroids. The difference in reactivation following epinephrine iontophoresis is not due to a difference in the establishment of latency.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed2003

Experimental study on the prevention of anterior segment ischemia by preservation of anterior ciliary vessels.

PURPOSE: To observe the effect of preserving anterior ciliary vessels (ACVs) on anterior segments of rabbit eyes undergoing tenotomy of extraocular muscles. METHODS: Thirty-two adult New Zealand white rabbits were divided into four groups. Same procedures were done in both eyes in each group except that left eyes underwent preservation of ACVs. In the first group medial and lateral recti, in the second group, superior and inferior recti, in the third group, medial, lateral and superior or inferior recti and in the fourth group, all four recti, underwent tenotomy. Slit-lamp examination, intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement, total protein and lactic acid quantification in aqueous humor were done in all eyes pre- and post-operatively. By four weeks after operation, the eyes were enucleated for histological examination and electron microscopy. All data were analyzed using SPSS version 10. RESULTS: In the left eyes of both group 1 and group 2, no inflammatory response was observed. In the left eyes of group 3 and 4, we observed mild inflammatory response with slit-lamp examination, which disappeared in one wk. However, we did not find significant changes in IOP, total protein and lactic acid of aqueous humor, histology and electron microscopic examination in these groups. In the right eyes in group 2, 3 and 4, we observed moderate to severe inflammatory changes, a few even developed anterior segment ischemia, appeared as decreased IOP, increased total protein and lactic acid in aqueous humor, along with pathological and electron-microscopic changes. CONCLUSION: Simultaneous tenotomy of three or four recti or two vertical recti on one eye may decrease anterior segment blood flow even lead to ischemia. ACVs preservation may protect the blood circulation in anterior segment. Our study suggests that ACVs preservation in strabismus surgeries especially those involving multi-recti tenotomies may prevent potential anterior segment ischemia.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Quantitative assessment of aqueous flare and cells in uveitis.

Validity of the laser flare-cell meter in uveitis was evaluated. A comparative study of slit-lamp examination and flare-cell meter measurements was carried out in the evaluation of iridocyclitis in a total of 251 measurements in patients with uveitis of various etiologies, including Behçet's disease, Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada's disease and sarcoidosis. The data obtained by these two methods showed a significant overall correlation both in the measurement of flare intensity (Kendall tau = 0.580, P less than 0.001) and cell count (tau = 0.390, P less than 0.001). Problems inherent to the slit-lamp examination were marked in terms of wide variations in grading within groups and large overlaps in scores between groups. The flare-cell meter was highly reliable in the measurement of flare intensity; whereas it could not detect low numbers of cells in some cases. Ninety-one eyes of patients with Behçet's disease were divided into three groups based on the interval from the last ocular attack episode. The flare-cell meter examination revealed that values for flare intensity remained abnormally high even in patients free from an attack episode for more than six months prior to the examination. It was considered that deterioration or breakdown of the blood-aqueous barrier function persists in patients with Behçet's disease.

Aqueous Humor↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Wavefront-guided surface ablation with prophylactic use of mitomycin C after a buttonhole laser in situ keratomileusis flap.

PURPOSE: To describe the surgical outcome of a patient who had a previous buttonhole after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) and 3 months later, had wavefront-guided photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) with topical mitomycin C 0.02%. METHODS: A 38-year-old man underwent bilateral LASIK for correction of myopic astigmatism. A buttonhole in his right eye LASIK flap occurred, but the surgeon decided to proceed with ablation due to the small size of the buttonhole. After LASIK, the patient complained of monocular diplopia in his right eye with 20/30 best spectacle-corrected visual acuity. Wavefront analysis showed a large amount of higher order aberrations, especially coma. Slit-lamp examination revealed a moderate buttonhole scar. Three months after LASIK, the patient underwent wavefront-guided PRK with application of topical mitomycin C 0.02% on the stromal bed, for a duration of 2 minutes. RESULTS: One month after wavefront-guided PRK, his uncorrected visual acuity was 20/25 in the right eye, with no symptoms. Best spectacle-corrected visual acuity in the right eye was 20/15 with +0.25 -0.50 x 110 degrees. No haze or scar was seen on slit-lamp examination. Wavefront analysis showed a decrease in higher order aberrations, especially coma and spherical aberration. CONCLUSIONS: Wavefront-guided PRK with prophylactic topical mitomycin C was effective in treating a patient with visual symptoms and loss of BSCVA after a LASIK flap buttonhole. No delayed epithelial healing, side effects or complications were noted due to mitomycin C.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Cataract development in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L) in fresh water.

Irreversible bilateral cataracts were diagnosed by slit-lamp biomicroscopy in 178 of 200 farm-raised Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L) fed a standard diet over a five-month period. Initial changes were anterior polar opacities, progressing to involve both the anterior and posterior cortex before changes in the lens nucleus were seen. The lens changes were recorded and given scores according to the severity of the cataracts. At each of 3 samplings, after 2, 4 and 5 months, 200 fish were measured, weighed and examined by slit-lamp biomicroscopy. At all 3 samplings, there was a significant correlation between body length and both cataract incidence and cataract severity. There was also a significant correlation between body weight and cataract incidence and severity for the 2 last samplings. There was a significant correlation between K-factor as a measure of the shape of the fish, and both cataract incidence and severity, at all 3 samplings. Evaluation of specific growth rate in the periods between the examinations showed that the rapidly-growing fish were most susceptible to cataract formation. After cataract developed, however, the growth rate slowed. Follow-up examination of severely affected fish 3 months after transfer to sea water showed a normal cortical zone in the periphery of the lens in 24 out of 28 fish.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Enhanced visualization of vitreoretinal interface by laser biomicroscopy.

BACKGROUND: The use of slit-lamp biomicroscopy provides valuable information for the diagnosis and management of vitreoretinal disorders. However, intense backscatter from the fundus often precludes the visualization of fine structures in the vitreoretinal interface. METHODS: Laser biomicroscopy is a new method designed to improve the visualization of fine vitreoretinal structures at the macula. This method was applied to eyes suspected of traction maculopathies. With this method, the contrast and the lateral separation between the vitreal and retinal images are optimized while preserving information on the location of the slit on the fundus. RESULTS: The results indicated that fine structures in the vitreoretinal interface, which were difficult to observe with conventional slit-lamp biomicroscopy, could be clearly visualized. CONCLUSION: Laser biomicroscopy may be a useful tool in the diagnosis and management of diseases with vitreoretinal abnormalities.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Prevention of bacterial colonization of contact lenses with covalently attached selenium and effects on the rabbit cornea.

PURPOSE: Although silicone hydrogel materials have produced many corneal health benefits to patients wearing contact lenses, bacteria that cause acute red eye or corneal ulcers are still a concern. A coating that inhibits bacterial colonization while not adversely affecting the cornea should improve the safety of contact lens wear. A covalent selenium (Se) coating on contact lenses was evaluated for safety using rabbits and prevention of bacterial colonization of the contact lenses in vitro. METHODS: Contact lenses coated with Se were worn on an extended-wear schedule for up to 2 months by 10 New Zealand White rabbits. Corneal health was evaluated with slit-lamp biomicroscopy, pachymetry, electron microscopy, and histology. Lenses worn by the rabbits were analyzed for protein and lipid deposits. In addition, the ability of Se to block bacterial colonization was tested in vitro by incubating lenses in a Pseudomonas aeruginosa broth followed by scanning electron microscopy of the contact lens surface. RESULTS: The covalent Se coating decreased bacterial colonization in vitro while not adversely affecting the corneal health of rabbits in vivo. The Se coating produced no noticeable negative effects as observed with slit-lamp biomicroscopy, pachymetry, electron microscopy, and histology. The Se coating did not affect protein or lipid deposition on the contact lenses. CONCLUSION: The data from this pilot study suggest that a Se coating on contact lenses might reduce acute red eye and bacterial ulceration because of an inhibition of bacterial colonization. In addition, our safety tests suggest that this positive effect can be produced without an adverse effect on corneal health.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

[Corneal lipofuscinosis--clinicopathologic study of 10 patients].

BACKGROUND: Lipofuscin pigments are considered indigestible residues of lysosomal activity associated with aging. We present the clinical and histopathological features of ten patients with corneal lipofuscinosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Ten patients (five female, five male, mean age 62 years, range 53 to 77 years) underwent penetrating keratoplasty for vascularized corneal scars. The clinical diagnoses were herpes simplex keratitis (5), zoster keratitis (1), phlyctenular keratitis (1), immunologic graft rejection (2) and corneal injury (1). The mean duration of disease was 6.5 years (range 3 to 11 years). On slit lamp examination both linear and diffuse deposits of yellow pigment were noted in the corneal stroma. All corneal buttons were processed for histopathologic and electron microscopic studies. RESULTS: The areas of yellowish pigmentation in the corneal stroma corresponded histopathologically to clusters of macrophages, keratocytes and occasional giant cells containing PAS-positive granules. The granules measured 1 to 3 micrometers and were also present extracellularly. Results of Gram stain were negative, but the material showed vivid autofluorescence. CONCLUSION: Corneal lipofuscin can be detected at the slit lamp as focal or diffuse yellowish deposits in both the superficial and deep corneal stroma of patients with long-standing keratitis. This is in contrast to corneal iron deposits, which appear as yellowish pigment in the corneal epithelium. The identification of corneal lipofuscin is possible using histochemical and autofluorescent studies. Further studies should address whether corneal lipofuscin predisposes to suture loosening.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Curcumin and turmeric delay streptozotocin-induced diabetic cataract in rats.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of curcumin and its source, turmeric, on streptozotocin-induced diabetic cataract in rats. METHODS: Wistar-NIN rats were selected and diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (35 mg/kg body weight, intraperitoneally) and divided into four groups (group II-V). The control (group I) rats received only vehicle. Group I and II animals received an unsupplemented AIN-93 diet, and those in groups III, IV, and V received 0.002% and 0.01% curcumin and 0.5% turmeric, respectively, in an AIN-93 diet for a period of 8 weeks. Cataract progression due to hyperglycemia was monitored by slit lamp biomicroscope and classified into four stages. At the end of 8 weeks, the animals were killed and the biochemical pathways involved in the pathogenesis of cataract such as oxidative stress, polyol pathway, alterations in protein content and crystallin profile in the lens were investigated, to understand the possible mechanism of action of curcumin and turmeric. Blood glucose and insulin levels were also determined. RESULTS: Although, both curcumin and turmeric did not prevent streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia, as assessed by blood glucose and insulin levels, slit lamp microscope observations indicated that these supplements delayed the progression and maturation of cataract. The present studies suggest that curcumin and turmeric treatment appear to have countered the hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress, because there was a reversal of changes with respect to lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione, protein carbonyl content and activities of antioxidant enzymes in a significant manner. Also, treatment with turmeric or curcumin appears to have minimized osmotic stress, as assessed by polyol pathway enzymes. Most important, aggregation and insolubilization of lens proteins due to hyperglycemia was prevented by turmeric and curcumin. Turmeric was more effective than its corresponding levels of curcumin. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that turmeric and curcumin are effective against the development of diabetic cataract in rats. Further, these results imply that ingredients in the study's dietary sources, such as turmeric, may be explored for anticataractogenic agents that prevent or delay the development of cataract.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Acute inflammation of the eyelid and cornea in Staphylococcus keratitis in the rabbit.

PURPOSE: The inflammatory response during Staphylococcus keratitis was analyzed biochemically and histologically to determine the source of the neutrophils infiltrating the tear film and cornea. METHODS: Rabbit eyes were swabbed and then examined by slit-lamp microscopy at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 hours after intracorneal inoculation with Staphylococcus aureus. Bacterial colony-forming units were quantified in the cornea, eyelid, and acute inflammatory exudate. Myeloperoxidase activity of ocular swabs of acute inflammatory exudate, corneal homogenates, and eyelid homogenates was determined. Gross and microscopic examinations of corneas and eyelids were performed. RESULTS: The colony-forming units per cornea exceeded 10(7) after 10 hours, whereas no bacteria were cultured from the eyelid until 15 hours postinfection. Slit-lamp examination revealed progressive pathology, and the myeloperoxidase activities of ocular swabs, corneas, and eyelids increased markedly by 15 hours postinfection. Corneas showed a wave of neutrophils moving from the tear film toward bacteria in the central corneal stroma and early neutrophil migration from the limbus into the stroma. In the eyelid, neutrophils migrated from the stromal vessels to the tear film. CONCLUSIONS: Staphylococcus keratitis in the rabbit causes acute inflammation in the overlying eyelid. Neutrophils of the acute inflammatory exudate interact with the infected cornea, whereas neutrophils migrating through the cornea from the limbus remained distant from the site of infection.

Acute Disease↗