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At least 649 records · Page 36Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Mandibular incisor dimensions and crowding.

Previous authors have suggested that well-aligned mandibular incisors are narrower mesiodistally than incisors which crowd and that reducing mesiodistal dimensions of the mandibular incisors to fit a specific size range will prevent future malalignment. This study examined 164 cases from the records of the University of Washington Department of Orthodontics, 134 of which had been orthodontically treated and were a minimum of 10 years postretention. Measurements were made from the postretention plaster casts and from serial cephalometric head films. Statistical tests showed that there was a weak association between incisor widths or MD/FL dimensions ratio and irregular alignment over the long term. Mean dimensional differences between crowded and uncrowded incisors were small in the few pooled or segregated groups in which statistically significant differences were found. When incisor dimensions were combined with pretreatment, posttreatment, or long-term cephalometric and cast measurements, only weak and not clinically useful associations were found with long-term incisor alignment. While there was a weak tendency for narrower incisors to be associated with better alignment in some instances, narrower mesiodistal widths of mandibular incisors did not ensure long-term stability in orthodontically treated cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

A reassessment of force magnitude in orthodontics.

The relationship between the force magnitude delivered by orthodontic appliances and the rate of orthodontic tooth movement is controversial. This paper critically reviews the experimental data base that has shaped this controversy and graphically presents four hypotheses proposed to represent the relationship between force magnitude and the rate of tooth movement. The clinical implications of each hypothesis for treatment planning and space-closing mechanics are discussed. The authors' analysis of the data from six heavily cited clinical studies in the orthodontic literature appears to support one of the four proposed hypotheses (No. 4, Fig. 2). Acceptance of this hypothesis leads the clinician to a rational approach in manipulating the final position of teeth. Anchorage can be conserved by means of treatment strategies that reduce stress magnitudes in the periodontium of the posterior teeth while maximally efficient stress is maintained on the anterior teeth. Appliances with low load-deflection rates and relatively constant moment/force ratios allow the clinician to take advantage of the type of tooth movement proposed in this hypothesis.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1991

Treatment with Tip-Edge brackets and differential tooth movement.

Differential tooth movement has been associated with the Begg technique and ribbon arch-type brackets since 1954. Its efficiency and effectiveness have been demonstrated and documented over the past 30 years. A relatively new edgewise-type bracket has been designed to permit differential tooth movement within predetermined limits. The following case reports describe the treatment of three differing malocclusions by means of Tip-Edge brackets and straight arch wires. The first was treated with the aid of mesiodistal crown size reduction, the second with the pretreatment removal of the four first premolars, and the third without the removal of any permanent teeth.

Bicuspid↗
PubMed1991

Sequential directional forces treatment: two Class II case reports.

Two types of Angle Class II, Division 1 malocclusion that were treated with Tweed-Merrifield directional forces are presented. The cases are entirely different. Each required a different diagnosis, but the results are similar. In both cases the resultant vector of all the orthodontic force systems was upward and forward in direction.

Bicuspid↗
PubMed1988

The effects of three methods of orthodontic appliance therapy on some commonly used cephalometric angular variables.

This investigation was undertaken to study the effects of the Andresen activator functional appliance therapy, Begg therapy, and cervically directed extraoral forces upon several commonly used cephalometric angular variables, with particular reference to the relationship between the maxillary plane (palatal plane) and anterior cranial base as represented by SN line. The material consisted of 107 cases taken from the files of patients who had attended the Orthodontic Department, Eastman Dental Hospital, London. Ninety of the cases had received orthodontic treatment. For each case pretreatment, posttreatment, and postretention radiographs were traced and angular measurements made by means of a Lysta-Dent digitizer linked to an on-line computer. Descriptive statistics and one-sample and two-sample Student's t tests were performed. None of the treatment methods under investigation had a clinically significant effect upon the maxillary plane. An increase in the inclination of the mandibular plane was a feature of Begg and headgear therapies but not of Andresen therapy. Any increase observed was of a temporary nature. While no change in SNA occurred with Andresen therapy, Begg and headgear therapies produced a permanent reduction in the variable. A small reduction was also produced in SNB by Begg and headgear therapies. The behavior of SNB following Andresen therapy was not significantly different from that in the group of untreated subjects. Each appliance method produced a permanent reduction in ANB; however, a similar reduction was also demonstrated in the control group.

Activator Appliances↗
PubMed1994

A Class II, division 1 malocclusion offering a myriad of treatment options. What would you have done?

This young man presented for treatment with an orthodontic problem that did not necessarily command a straight forward, uncomplicated plan even though the diagnosis and Angle classification of his problem did. The fact that so many options are available reaffirms once again that orthodontic treatment planning in the face of definitive records is indeed as much an art of personal conviction as well as scientific dictum.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Correction of a severe Class II malocclusion that required a two-stage orthognathic procedure: a case report.

The treatment of this patient, who had been severely compromised with prior orthodontics, was successful because the tooth movement and the surgical procedures were carefully planned and coordinated. This case report illustrates the concept that facial balance and harmony is related (1) to an acceptable skeletal pattern and (2) to teeth that are properly positioned within their bony support.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Vertical dimension and therapeutic choices.

The vertical skeletal pattern is a factor that makes malocclusions with the same tooth arrangement very different. A sample of 323 patient records was examined to observe variations in vertical dimension. The sample was divided into essentially three groups. The differences most commonly encountered during the treatment of the three groups are described and illustrated with brief case reports of patients representative of each of the three groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Orthodontic treatment of an open bite patient with oral-facial-digital syndrome.

A case of oral-facial-digital syndrome was treated orthodontically. Characteristics of this case were mandibular protrusion with open bite. Occlusal stability after correction of this malocclusion was achieved with the uprighting of the posterior teeth, surgical reduction of the enlarged tonsils and highly attached tongue frenum, and oral functional training.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Canine retraction: a comparison of two preadjusted bracket systems.

Before the 1970s, Begg and Edgewise appliances were the most commonly used appliances in orthodontics. With the introduction of preadjusted appliances, many have made claims of superiority. These claims are often unsubstantiated, as few, if any, have ever been tested in a controlled, prospective in vivo study. The purpose of this study was to compare the time required to retract canine teeth by using two different preadjusted bracket systems (Tip-Edge, TP Orthodontics, LaPorte, Ind., versus A-Company straight wire, Johnson and Johnson, San Diego, Calif.) in a human sample. Anchorage loss as a result of this movement was also evaluated. A sample of 12 patients was randomly selected from the new patient pool at the postgraduate orthodontic clinic of Montefiore Medical Center. All patients required the removal of first premolars in one or both arches as a part of their orthodontic treatment. The rate of retraction and anchorage loss were evaluated. Paired t tests were performed separately for the rates of retraction and anchorage loss. The mean rates of retraction were 1.88 mm per 3-week period and 1.63 mm per 3-week period for the Tip-Edge and A-Company brackets, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the rates (p > 0.05). The mean anchorage loss was 1.71 mm for the Tip-Edge bracket, and 2.33 mm for the straight wire bracket. The difference in the amount of anchorage loss was inconclusive as the sample size was too small (power was 10%).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Long-term stability of Class II, Division 1, nonextraction cervical face-bow therapy: II. Cephalometric analysis.

The long-term stability of Class II, Division 1 nonextraction therapy, using cervical face-bows with full fixed orthodontic appliances was evaluated for 42 randomly selected patients. Part 1, a study model analysis, was published in the March 1996 issue of the JOURNAL. Each patient was treated by the same practitioner, with the same techniques, and the treatment goals had been attained for all patients. Pretreatment records were taken at a mean age of 11.5 years; the posttreatment and postretention records were taken 3.0 and 11.6 years later, respectively. The results showed that the ANB angle decreased 2 degrees during treatment, most of which was due to the 1.6 degree decrease of the SNA angle. The mandibular plane angle was not changed significantly during treatment. Although upper incisor inclination was maintained during treatment, the lower incisor was proclined 2.3 degrees and the lower molar was tipped back 4 degrees. Of the 22 cephalometric measures evaluated, only four indicated relapse related with the treatment change. Three of the four measures pertain to lower incisor retroclination subsequent to excessive proclination. The ratio of treatment proclination of incisors to posttreatment retroclination is approximately 5:1. Similarly, for every 3 degrees of molar tip back, there was approximately 1 degree of relapse. It is concluded that nonextraction therapy for Class II malocclusion can be largely stable when the orthodontist ensures proper patient selection and compliance and attains treatment objectives.

Adolescent↗