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PubMedDate not supplied

[Substantiation of the system of sanitary-hygienic procedures].

Various aspects of endogenous contamination of the human skin are discussed. The contamination rate and intensity were measured by analyzing wash water obtained after sanitary-hygienic procedures (SHP) in which no detergents were used. It was found that endogenous contamination of the human skin reached its maximum 3-4 days after the previous SHP and then became stabilized. The wash water composition was shown to be independent of the skin type. The endogenous contamination level did not influence the bactericidal effect of the skin of healthy people. Due to complementary processes such as epidermis desquamation and sebum cutaneum, the role of which is different for different skin types, the amount of indigenous microorganisms is maintained at an optimal level irrespective of the skin type. It is concluded that water SHPs should be performed no more than once every four days. If they are conducted oftener than that, the normal function of the human skin may become deteriorated: epidermis desquamation increases drastically, skin state changes, and the concentration of indigenous microorganisms on the skin surface decreases as compared to the individual norm.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Condition of the human skin during a stay in a hermetically closed compartment].

The skin of healthy men kept in an enclosed environment was examined. It was found that exposure resulted in increases of the secretions of the sebaceous glands and sebum cutaneum, number and size of comedones, lipolytic activity of microorganisms, concentration of comedonogenic acids and skin irritating acids. It also caused a greater risk of papular and pustular rashes. Changes in lipid metabolism were consistent with the skin clinical state as well as with the subjective sensations of dirty skin, desquamation and itching. The severity of the above changes was correlated with the pretest physiological and hygienic status of the subjects.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1986

[Proof of the effectiveness of a clotrimazole cream paste in acne vulgaris].

The efficacy of Clotrimazol cream paste containing a penetration enhancer in the treatment of acne vulgaris was objectified by investigating the sebum composition. Following treatment over three and six weeks, the ratio of triglyceride to free fatty acid significantly increased, which indicated an effective reduction of the lipase activity of Propionibacterium acnes within the sebaceous follicle.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1986

[Topical cimetidine treatment of acne].

We present first results of topically applied cimetidine in acne. Ten patients suffering from papulopustular and comedone acne administered 2% cimetidine in indifferent lotion on their face twice a day. Clinical controls were performed every two weeks; sebum was monthly determined. After treatment of 13 weeks on the average, the clinical success was generally good. Comedones responded best, followed by papules. Pustules were hardly reduced. There was no significant reduction of SER and the lipid fractions at the end of treatment. Low concentration or insufficient penetration might be possible explanations. The efficient reduction of comedones might be an antiandrogenic effect due to modulation of the keratinization in the follicle excretory duct. Immune-modulatory effects of cimetidine and effects on the skin vessels are other possible explanations for the clinical efficacy of topical application of cimetidine in acne.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1987

Efficacy of topically applied 17 alpha-propylmesterolone in acne patients.

A new substance--17 alpha-propylmesterolone--was tested in the treatment of acne. 8 male and 5 females patients applied a 3% alcoholic solution of the substance twice daily on the face for a mean period of 13 weeks. Besides clinical controls with acne grading also the determinations of the sebum excretion rate (SER) and separation of the lipid fractions was done before onset of treatment, after 14 days and then monthly. Concomitantly, the levels of several hormones (serum testosterone, prolactine, follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone and estradiol) were determined. Clinical results were moderate to excellent in most of the patients. In two patients no therapy effects became apparent after 8 weeks. SER was decreased in all patients to values between 70 and 4% of pretreatment values. Sebaceous gland lipids and epidermal lipids were both inhibited effectively. Hormonal parameters showed no significant difference of pretreatment and posttreatment values. For the first time positive effects of a topical new antiandrogen--17 alpha-propylmesterolone--could be demonstrated. The interesting finding of decrease of dermal and epidermal lipids suggests that not only sebaceous glands but also overstimulated epidermal structures may be inhibited by this antiandrogen.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1987

[An effective topical antiandrogen--17 alpha-propylmesterolone--in acne].

17 alpha-Propylmesterolon, a new topically active antiandrogen, was administered to 25 patients with papulopustular or comedo acne and severe seborrhoea. The patients were supplied with a 3% solution of 17 alpha-propylmesterolone in 70% alcohol and were advised to apply it to the face twice daily for a mean duration of 14 weeks. Clinical follow-ups and thin-layer-chromatography determination of the sebum secretion rate (SER) and the lipid fractions were performed monthly. At the end of the treatment period 72% of the patients had improved. Comedo acne was reduced by 2 grades, papulopustular acne by 1.8 grade. The mean reduction of seborrhoea was 2 grades. SER was reduced in 62.5% of the patients to 76.4 +/- 8.8% of pretreatment values. In addition to sebaceous gland lipids, epidermal lipids were also inhibited effectively. This finding is in accordance with the marked reduction of comedones. Thus, in addition to sebaceous gland inhibition, epidermal structures may also be the target of the antiandrogen.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1988

Sebaceous gland activity in black skin.

Sebaceous gland secretion was measured in 649 male and female subjects, of whom 67 (10.3 per cent) were black. No consistent difference in sebaceous gland activity was found between black and white skin. As sebum is an integral etiologic factor in acne, these findings are consistent with the clinical impression and with epidemiologic data, albeit scant, that the incidence of acne vulgaris in the black population differs little, if at all, from the incidence in the white population.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1988

[New lipid biochemical aspects in the pathogenesis of a follicular keratinization disorder in acne vulgaris].

Follicular hyperkeratinization of the epithelium of the acroinfundibulum of sebaceous follicles is one of the primary events in the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris. Oral treatment with 13-cis-retinoic acid can reduce these hyperkeratoses. In order to determine whether follicular hyperkeratinization is related to disturbances of epidermal follicular lipids, we analyzed the lipids of initial comedones from 10 patients with nodulocystic acne before and after a 6th weeks oral therapy with 13-cis-retinoic acid (0.7 mg/kg body weight). The treatment with retinoid resulted in a significant increase of epidermal lipids (free sterols: +34%; ceramides: +19%, whereas the lipids of sebaceous origin decreased (glycerides: -36%). The mass ratio of free sterols to cholesterol sulfate increased by 86% compared to pre-treatment levels. These findings support the hypothesis that local follicular deficiencies of epidermal lipids due to increased sebum secretion might induce abnormal follicular keratinization.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1975

The sebotrophic effect of pregnancy.

The sebum excretion rate (SER) in forehead skin was measured in late pregnancy and 8-20 weeks after delivery in 43 women. There was considerable individual variation but the mean SER during pregnancy was significantly higher than in a control group of non-pregnant women and it showed a large and significant decrease to the control level after delivery. This suggests that a powerful sebotrophic hormone is secreted during pregnancy. The mean SER during pregnancy in women with twins or triplets was no greater than the SER in women with a single foetus. This suggests that the sebotrophic factor of pregnancy is unlikely to be of placental origin, and is in keeping with the idea that the sebotrophic factor may come from the pituitary.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Partial 11- and 21-hydroylase deficiencies in hirsute women.

Thirty-one women with idiopathic hirsutism were evaluated for partial 11- and 21-hydroxylase adrenocortical enzyme deficencies. Twenty-four hour urine collections for 17-ketosteroids, 17-hydroxycorticoids, tetrahydro compound S (THS), and -pregnanetriol were obtained basally and following a continuous 24 hours infusion of alpha 1-24 ACTH (cosyntropin). The results were compared to those in eight normal, nonhirsute women studied under identical conditions. Normal control subjects and 18 of 31 hirsute female patients (Group I) showed similar small increments in the excretion of THS and pregnanetriol following the infusion of cosyntropin. Thirteen hirsute women (Group II) showed cosyntropin-stimulated increments in either THS and/or pregnanetriol that were significantly greater than the mean response of the control group. The cosyntropin-stimulated increments in 17-ketosteroid excertion and basal sebum production rates were also significantly greater in Group II. The results are consistent with partial II - and/or 21-adrenocortical hydroxylase deficiencies in some hirsute women whose condition would have previously been designated as "idiopathic." Thus, prolonged ACTH stimulation testing may identify patients who might benefit from glucocorticoid suppression therapy.

17-Hydroxycorticosteroids↗
PubMed1982

Demodex folliculorum hominis (Simon): incidence in a normomaterial and in patients under systemic treatment with erythromycin or glucocorticoid.

A study was made of 20 cilia and sebum from 20 nasal follicles from each of 86 persons. In a normomaterial aged 20-30 years. Demodex folliculorum was present in the nasal follicles in 25% and in the cilia in 29% of the subjects. This is consistent with the very high incidence we found 10 years ago. Systemic erythromycin treatment did not erradicate the mite, but the incidence decreased in both regions. Systemic glucocorticoid treatment lowered the incidence in the nasal region, whereas the incidence increased in the ciliary region.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Acne: endocrinologic aspects.

Acne is dependent for its development on several factors, one of which is hormonal. The principal and possibly sole mechanistic link between hormones and acne is sebum, the secretory product of the sebaceous glands which is highly androgen-sensitive. Some but not all, patients with acne can be shown to have systemic androgen abnormalities. In addition, there is evidence to suggest that androgens are metabolized abnormally in the skin, possibly resulting in excessive sebaceous gland secretion. Systemic endocrine therapy of acne is designed to reduce the androgenic stimulation of the sebaceous gland. Such treatment includes the peroral cyclic administration of estrogen for ovarian inhibition and the use of low-dosage glucocorticoid for adrenocortical androgen suppression. Combined estrogen-glucocorticoid treatment induces the most telling effect in reducing sebaceous gland activity.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1980

[13-cis-Retinoic acid. Pharmacologic and toxicologic findings in treatment of severe forms of acne (author's transl)].

This study shows that severe acne is characterized by numerous inflammatory parameters. The group of acne tetrad patients differed from those with conglobate acne in many laboratory measurements. The treatment with 13-cis-retinoic acid was well tolerated by all patients. Sebum suppression and an exfoliative cheilitis occurred in all patients, but no headache and no loss hair. Numerous previously pathological blood chemical values were normalized during the treatment. Transaminases, alkaline phosphatase, triglycerides and total cholesterol did not rise noticeably, trichological and spermatological parameters were not affected by 13-cis-retinoic acid. In an in vivo epicutaneous potassium iodide inflammation model, it was possible to demonstrate for the first time the anti-inflammatory action of 13-cis-retinoic acid.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1981

Effects of combination treatment with vitamins E and C on chloasma and pigmented contact dermatitis. A double blind controlled clinical trial.

A multi-clinical double-blind study on therapeutic effect of combination preparation of vitamins E and C was undertaken in comparison with single preparation of vitamin E and vitamin C in the treatment of chloasma or pigmented contact dermatitis (PCD). Combination treatment resulted in significantly better clinical improvement than vitamin C alone in both diseases. Objective data compiled from color difference measurements and color photographs revealed significantly better results with combination treatment in chloasma than vitamin C alone and, in PCD, than vitamin E or C alone. Differences in skin luminosity between hyperpigmented and normal areas significantly decreased in all three groups, with the combination group producing the most significant change. The total serum lipoperoxide level and its ratio to total serum lipids tended to decline in the combination group, and decreased significantly in vitamin E group. The sebum lipoperoxide level decreased significantly only in the combination group (EC).

Ascorbic Acid↗
PubMed1993

[Skin lipids in seborrhea- and sebostasis-associated skin diseases].

Recent studies suggest that epidermal skin lipids play an important role in the pathogenesis of skin diseases associated with seborrhoea or sebostasis. Depending on the state of the skin, various lipids are found in varying quantities and proportions. In some sebostatic diseases, in particular, altered enzyme activities relevant to the synthesis of lipids have been identified, which may account for alterations in epidermal lipid fractions. This concept represents a substantial modification of earlier ones, according to which sebostatic or seborrhoeic skin diseases were attributed solely to decreased or increased sebum lipids, respectively. This provides an important rationale for a new approach to the therapy of certain skin diseases with specific lipid fractions, such as ceramides.

Ceramides↗
PubMed1997

[Yearly and seasonal fluctuation of PCB concentration in skin surface lipid].

PCB concentrations in the skin surface lipids of Yusho patients had been examined for 6 years (in July, 1990-1995). The concentrations in each patients showed a little fluctuation every year. It suggests that the cutaneous sebaceous system is one of the excretory systems of PCB. In 1995, measurement of PCB was performed also in October. The mean concentration of PCB was lower than that measured in Summer (692.7 ng/g in July versus 633.3 ng/g in October, p < 0.05). To explain the fluctuation, seasonal change of sebum composition should be examined.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Inocoterone and acne. The effect of a topical antiandrogen: results of a multicenter clinical trial.

BACKGROUND AND METHODS: Because acne is androgen dependent, antiandrogen therapy might improve the condition. Inocoterone acetate (RU 882) is a nonsteroidal antiandrogen that binds to the androgen receptor and has antiandrogenic activity in animal models. To test its topical effect on acne, 126 male subjects with facial acne completed a 16-week, multi-center, double-blind study in which the twice-daily application of a 10% solution of inocoterone was compared with vehicle solution. Baseline and monthly examinations included acne lesion counts and general and endocrine laboratory tests. RESULTS: Inflammatory papules and pustules showed greater reduction in the inocoterone-treated subjects than in the subjects treated with vehicle. This difference achieved statistical significance by week 12 (24% reduction vs 10%) and week 16 (26% reduction vs 13%) and, with longitudinal analysis, throughout the course of the study. Global assessments and changes in comedo counts and sebum excretion rates were not significantly different between the groups. No serious adverse reactions were encountered. CONCLUSIONS: In this double-blind study of 126 male subjects with acne, a topical solution of the antiandrogen inocoterone, compared with vehicle, produced a modest but statistically significant reduction in the number of inflammatory acne lesions.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed2000

Immunolocalization of 5alpha-reductase isozymes in acne lesions and normal skin.

BACKGROUND: Dihydrotestosterone mediates androgen-dependent diseases, such as acne, hirsutism, and androgenetic alopecia. This hormone is produced from testosterone by the 5alpha-reductase enzyme. There are 2 isozymes of 5alpha-reductase (types 1 and 2) that differ in their localization within the body and even within the skin. Activity of the type 1 isozyme predominates in sebaceous glands, where it may be involved in regulation of sebum production. Since specific inhibition of 5alpha-reductase type 1 may represent a novel therapeutic approach to acne, it is important to define the localization of these isozymes in normal sebaceous follicles and acne lesions. OBSERVATIONS: Skin biopsy specimens were obtained from the backs of 11 subjects: 8 with acne and 3 without acne. Sections of normal follicles, open comedones, closed comedones, and inflammatory lesions were incubated with antibodies to types 1 and 2 5alpha-reductase. In all samples, the type 1 antibody localized specifically to sebaceous glands, and the type 2 antibody localized to the companion layer of the hair follicle (the innermost layer of the outer root sheath) and granular layer of the epidermis. Localization of the type 2 isozyme was also noted within the walls of open and closed comedones and in endothelial cells from sections of inflammatory lesions. CONCLUSIONS: The immunolocalization of 5alpha-reductase isozymes in normal sebaceous follicles and acne follicles is similar to the pattern described in terminal hair follicles and corresponds with the findings of biochemical studies that have demonstrated predominance of type 1 activity in sebaceous glands. The function of type 2 5alpha-reductase in comedones or endothelial cells in inflammatory lesions is unknown.

3-Oxo-5-alpha-Steroid 4-Dehydrogenase↗