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At least 649 records · Page 36Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Nonmalignant respiratory disease mortality among woodworkers participating in the American Cancer Society Cancer Prevention Study-II (CPS-II).

Nonmalignant respiratory disease (NMRD) mortality was examined among woodworkers participating in the American Cancer Society's CPS-II cohort study. During the 6-year prospective follow-up there were 97 NMRD death's among 11,541 men reporting employment in wood-related occupations and 1,338 NMRD deaths among 317,424 men reporting no exposure to wood dust or wood-related jobs. Relative risks, adjusted for age and smoking, were calculated using Poisson regression. A small excess of NMRD was observed among woodworkers. However, the relative risk was higher among woodworkers who did not report exposure to wood dust (RR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.18-1.97) than those who did (RR = 1.27, 95% CI = 0.91-1.77), and no clear trend with duration of exposure was observed. An excess of NMRD was observed among woodworkers reporting exposure to asbestos (RR = 1.59, 95% CI = 0.85-2.96), as well as the small number of woodworkers reporting exposure to formaldehyde (RR = 1.95, 95% CI = 0.63-6.06), but men not reporting exposure to these substances also had an excess risk. Although limited by a short follow-up period and crude indicators of exposure, the strengths of this analysis were the ability to compare woodworkers to a similar, healthy population and to adjust for the effects of smoking. Cohort studies with better exposure information are needed to examine the role of occupational exposures among woodworkers in the etiology of respiratory disease.

Cohort Studies↗
PubMed1991

Acute occupational respiratory diseases in hospital discharge data.

We investigated the feasibility of using hospital discharge diagnoses of ICD codes 506, 507, and 508, respiratory diseases from external sources, to identify occupational sentinel health events [SHE(O)]. Two hundred sixty-nine records were reviewed and 66 (25%) were incidents where the work-relatedness of the respiratory diseases was documented in the medical records. Twenty-six percent of the 269 records contained no exposure information. Sixty-four of the 66 occupational cases were from ICD codes 506.0-506.9, with the largest number classified as ICD codes 506.0 (bronchitis and pneumonitis due to fumes and vapors) and 506.3 (other acute and subacute respiratory conditions due to fumes and vapors). We conclude that surveillance of ICD codes in the 506 series, where 39% of the cases were secondary to occupational exposures, is a valuable component of a surveillance system for preventable occupational lung disease.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Respiratory diseases and Helicobacter pylori infection: is there a link?

Recent studies suggest an epidemiological association between Helicobacter pylori infection and several extra-gastroduodenal pathologies, including cardiovascular, rheumatic, skin and liver diseases. The observed associations might be explained by a role of H. pylori infection in the pathogenesis of certain extra-digestive disorders, as a variety of inflammatory mediators are activated by H. pylori infection. The present review summarizes the current literature, including our own studies, concerning the association between respiratory diseases and H. pylori infection. A small number of epidemiological and serologic case-control studies suggest that patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease have an increased seroprevalence of H. pylori. A frequent coexistence of bronchiectasis and H. pylori infection has also been found. Moreover, recent studies have shown an increased prevalence of H. pylori infection in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and in those with lung cancer. On the other hand, bronchial asthma does not seem to be related to H. pylori infection. At present, there is no definite proof of a causal relationship between H. pylori and respiratory diseases. The primary evidence rests on case-control studies, concerning relatively small numbers of patients. Future studies should be large enough for moderate-sized effects to be assessed or registered reliably. The activation of inflammatory mediators by H. pylori infection might be the pathogenetic mechanism underlying the observed associations. Therefore, the role of genetic predisposition of the infected host, the presence of strain-specific virulence factors and the serum concentration of proinflammatory markers in H. pylori-infected patients with respiratory diseases need further evaluation.

Helicobacter Infections↗
PubMed1992

[The comprehensive differentiated protection against influenza and acute respiratory diseases of medical workers in industrial enterprises].

Acute diseases of the respiratory organs rank first among temporary invalidity causes (30.5%). For the first time workers of a health center of an industrial enterprise were protected from influenza and ARVI during an epidemic outbreak of influenza A by specific and nonspecific protection means with due consideration for the subject's health status and will. Comprehensive differentiated protection from influenza and ARVI proved highly effective, its index reaching 2.5 and the invalidity periods being shorter by 2.4-4 days.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2003

Severity of acid gastroesophageal reflux assessed by pH metry: is it associated with respiratory disease?

About 50% of children with chronic respiratory diseases (RD) have "silent" gastroesophageal reflux (GER). Our purpose was to evaluate the possibility that RD in patients with GER reflects the presence of more severe acid reflux. We compared the severity of parameters from pH studies in children with chronic RD and "silent" GER, to children with signs of symptomatic gastrointestinal (GI) GER with and without RD. This study included 236 children (aged 1 month to 15 years) with abnormal 24-hr pH monitoring among 718 patients studied for suspected diagnosis of GER. Patients were divided into three groups. Group 1 consisted of children with chronic RD but without any GI symptoms of GER. Group 2 was comprised of children with symptomatic GI presentation of GER such as regurgitation, vomiting, heartburn, and failure to thrive, but without any signs or symptoms of RD. Group 3 included children with prevalent RD and concomitant signs of symptomatic GER. Patients with predominant GI manifestations (group 2) had a significantly higher fraction of time with pH <4 (P < 0.01), total time value of pH <4 (P < 0.05), and longest episode with pH <4 (P < 0.05). Esophageal clearance was significantly longer in group 1 patients than in the other two groups (P < 0.05). Patients with mixed disease (group 3) were similar to patients in group 2. Patients with GI symptoms had significantly worse scores for all parameters evaluated except esophageal clearance score, compared to patients without GI symptoms. Longer esophageal clearance was the only parameter associated with respiratory signs in patients with respiratory symptoms compared to those without. In conclusion, the presence of RD in pediatric patients with silent GER is related to longer esophageal clearance, but is not related to severity of reflux.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Atmospheric pollution in the city of Santiago. A statement from the Chilean Society of Respiratory Diseases].

Air pollution was the subject of the 1990 Fall Meeting of the Chilean Society of Respiratory Diseases. The potential danger of air pollution was considered a serious challenge. Groups at special risk are children under 5 years of age, patients with chronic respiratory diseases (COPD) or cardiovascular disease, the aged and pregnant women. Santiago is located in a valley surrounded by mountains, with a large population and many industries. The anticyclonic conditions determine a dominant semiarid climate and air circulation is prevented by a thermal inversion layer. Unacceptably high levels of total suspension particles (TSP) and carbon monoxide have been measured by the network of air pollution monitoring stations during winter and fall. 70% of TSP comes from diesel engines of the public transportation system. Most of the CO comes from automobiles. High levels of O3 have been detected in the east and north areas of the city. Nitrous oxide interference may account for an underestimation of the O3 level in the downtown area. Errors in the methodology for measurement of SO2 interfere with adequate knowledge about this pollutant. Actions to control the level of pollutants should include modification of industrial processes, changes in the transportation systems and others that should be enforced by law. Cooperation of the population and a well defined political will are urgently needed to implement solutions.

Air Pollution↗
PubMed1975

Medical surveillance for occupational respiratory diseases.

Three simple procedures should be used to monitor industrial populations for the development of respiratory disease: (1) History, (2) chest x-ray, and (3) spirometry. The history should be complete and include occupational as well as medical information. Only a P-A x-ray examination of the chest is necessary. Accurate performance of spirometry with reliable equipment can provide useful evidence of physiologic impairment. Serial test results from each employee should be carefully compared to best assess the early development of occupational respiratory disease.

Forced Expiratory Volume↗
PubMed2005

[Survey of the utilization and adverse effects of antibacterial drugs in patients admitted for respiratory diseases].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the utilization of antibacterial drugs and their adverse effects in patients admitted for respiratory disease based on medical record review. METHODS: The medical records of 141 inpatients admitted in 2002 for respiratory diseases were reviewed. The drug utilization index (DUI) and daily cost of antibacterial drugs were calculated, with also assessment of the adverse effects in relation to the drug use. RESULTS: The DUI ranged from 0.9 to 1.1 in 66.7% of the patients, and the daily cost of the antibacterial drugs was 317.8+/-194.3 RMB, with a total of 14 cases with adverse drug effects recorded. CONCLUSIONS: The utilization of antibacterial drugs was basically adequate in Nanfang Hospital though with occasional abuse of cefoperazone and sulbactam, inappropriate combination and high cost of the antibacterial drugs. More careful application of these drugs in old patients is stressed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Aromaphytotherapy in prevention of acute respiratory diseases in children].

The authors' studies show pathogenetic validity of using aromaphytotherapy in children predisposed to acute respiratory diseases. Courses of essential oils aromaphytotherapy produce a wide spectrum of physiological changes reducing frequency of the respiratory diseases, exacerbations of chronic ENT diseases in children.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1985

[Participation of coronaviruses in the etiology of respiratory diseases in calves].

Studied was the Bovine corona virus as taking part in the epizootiology of respiratory diseases in calves. On 4 out of the 7 investigated farms there was a rise of the antibodies against the virus. Two strains were isolated from 2 diseased calves, using tissue culture of trachea. They were the III 213/81 and III 214/81 strains and were identified as bovine corona viruses. Test calves experimentally infected via the trachea with the III 214/81 strain responded with a slight and transient rise of body temperature and a slight cough. The virus was reisolated from the nasal discharge of 3 diseased calves as well as from the feces of one affected calf. The direct immunofluorescence method was employed to establish cytoplasmic fluorescence between the 4th and the 8 h day of infection. The immune response observed with the infected animals confirmed the development of the corona-virus infection. The clinical observations with calves on both the farms with spontaneous infections and those with experimentally induced infections showed that the bovine corona virus could not cause a strongly manifested respiratory disease.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Respiratory diseases with a psychosomatic component in adolescents.

Adolescence is often a time of emotional upheaval and it is no wonder that many respiratory diseases with a psychosomatic component find their origins or time of exacerbation during this time of life. Adolescents who present with unexplained respiratory diseases may also suffer from some form of psychosomatic illness. Recognition of the psychological contributions to symptoms related to the respiratory tract is essential for practitioners who care for adolescents. This article includes some of the more common respiratory or related conditions that have psychological etiologies or components and are encountered in the adolescent patient. These include psychogenic cough, sighing dyspnea, hyperventilation, vocal cord dysfunction, and emotional state as a trigger for asthma. This review provides a general discussion of these conditions and an overview of issues related to psychological/psychiatric evaluation and the reluctance of patients and their parents to access mental health treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Prognosis of chronic respiratory diseases in children].

We investigated the prognosis of chronic respiratory diseases in children by questionnaires to the pediatric departments of 4 universities and 14 national or public hospitals in Fukuoka Prefecture. The total number of patients was 155, consisting of 77 males and 78 females. These diseases included bronchiectasis, which had the highest incidence (37, 23.9%), prolonged respiratory disorders in the newborn, pulmonary hypoplasia, pulmonary cysts and pulmonary fibrosis, etc. These 5 diseases comprised 65.8% of all cases. The number of cases on oxygen therapy was 9 (5.8%) and 5 of these 9 cases were on home oxygen therapy. A total of 18 cases (11.6%) were surgically treated. Of 155 cases, 91 cases were cured or improved, while 31 cases were unchanged, 6 cases deteriorated and 6 cases died. The prognosis of 21 cases was unknown. The number of cases whose daily activities were limited was 25 (16.1%).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Changes of the lipoprotein pattern in acute respiratory diseases in infancy].

The lipoprotein profile during an acute respiratory disease (ARD) was determined in 75 children from 8 Dresden day-nurseries. At time "O" when the children are free of any ARD the serum concentrations of TG, TC, LDLC and Apo B are high whereas those of HDLC, Apo AI and Apo AII are age-related. The acute stage of an ARD is characterized by high levels of TG, Apo B and Apo AII and an decrease in TC, LDLC, HDLC and Apo AI. After 4 weeks of reconvalescence some of these disturbances persist.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1996

Effect of a combination of antimicrobial agents for the treatment of respiratory disease in cattle.

Clinical effect of the administration of thiamphenicol (TP) and tylosin (TS) on bovine respiratory disease was investigated. Group I (n = 64) were administered TP (10 mg/kg) and TS (4 mg/kg), group II (n = 26) were given TP (5 mg/kg) and TS (2 mg/kg). For the control, TP group (n = 25) were given 20 mg/kg of TP and ampicillin group (n = 23) were given 10 mg/kg of ampicillin. As a result, improvement of clinical findings was more rapid and the cure rate was significantly higher in group I compared to those in the other 3 groups. These results showed that a combination therapy with minimal basic doses of TP and TS is very effective for some respiratory diseases in cattle.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Atopic dermatitis. Allergological characteristics and association with respiratory disease].

BACKGROUND: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that frequently precedes the development of asthma or other respiratory allergies. The aim of this study was to review allergen sensitization, type of feeding in infancy, and development of asthma or rhinitis in a group of patients with AD. METHODOLOGY: One hundred children with AD were selected. All patients underwent skin prick and patch tests to foodstuffs and inhalant allergens, total and specific IgE determination, and oral challenge tests. RESULTS: The study included 57 boys and 43 girls. The mean age at consultation was 3.77 +/- 2.81 years and mean age at onset of of AD was 1.09 +/- 1.69 years. Twenty-eight percent of the children were exclusively sensitized to food allergens, 20% to inhalant allergens and 22% to both food and inhalant allergens. Mean serum IgE levels were higher in children sensitized to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (DPT) (346.86 +/- 430.43 U/ml) than in non-sensitized children (78.24 +/- 132.93 U/m) (p < 0.001). Total IgE levels were also higher in patients with respiratory symptoms (283.77 +/- 336.53 U/ml) than in children without respiratory disease (124.62 +/- 285.21 U/ml) (p = 0.021). Thirty-five percent of the children developed some kind of respiratory allergic disease (asthma and/or rhinitis) in a mean interval of 2.55 years after the onset of dermatitis. Of the children sensitized to inhalant allergens (DPT), 55.26 % developed respiratory symptoms compared with 22.58 % of the non-sensitized children (p < 0.001). The odds ratio of developing respiratory allergy if the patient showed sensitization to DPT was 4.235 (95 % CI 1.768-0.147, p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Children with AD that develops in the first year of life, associated with high IgE levels and early sensitization, independently of the kind of feeding, develop respiratory allergic disease more frequently than children without these factors.

Allergens↗
PubMed1998

Weekly oral azithromycin as prophylaxis for agents causing acute respiratory disease.

Since the 1950s the U.S. military has used intramuscular injections of benzathine penicillin G (BPG) to control outbreaks of respiratory disease. In an effort to find an alternative prophylaxis, a randomized field trial was conducted among 1,016 male U.S. Marine trainee volunteers at high risk for respiratory disease. Participants were evaluated for evidence of acute respiratory infection by serological tests on pretraining and posttraining sera (63 days apart). Oral azithromycin prophylaxis (500 mg/w) outperformed BPG, preventing infection from Streptococcus pyogenes (Efficacy [E] = 84%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 63%-93%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (E = 80%; 95% CI, 50%-92%), Mycoplasma pneumoniae (E = 64%; 95% CI, 25%-83%), and Chlamydia pneumoniae (E = 58%; 95% CI, 15%-79%) in comparison with results in a no-treatment group. Azithromycin group subjects reported few side effects and less respiratory symptoms than the BPG and no-treatment groups. According to serological tests, oral azithromycin is an effective alternative prophylaxis to BPG for military populations.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1983

Respiratory system impedance from 4 to 40 Hz in paralyzed intubated infants with respiratory disease.

To describe the mechanical characteristics of the respiratory system in intubated neonates with respiratory disease, we measured impedance and resistance in six paralyzed intubated infants with respiratory distress syndrome, three of whom also had pulmonary interstitial emphysema. We subtracted the effects of the endotracheal tube after showing that such subtraction was valid. Oscillatory flow was generated from 4 to 40 Hz by a loudspeaker, airway pressure was measured, and flow was calculated from pressure changes in an airtight enclosure mounted behind the flow source (speaker plethysmograph). After subtraction of the endotracheal tube contribution, resistance ranged from 22 to 34 cmH2O liter-1 s; compliance from 0.22 to 0.68 ml/cmH2O; and inertance from 0.0056 to 0.047 cmH2O liter-1 s2. Our results indicate that, for these intubated infants, the mechanics of the respiratory system are well described as resistance, compliance, and inertance in series. Most of the inertance, some of the resistance, and little of the compliance are due to the endotracheal tube. When the contribution of the endotracheal tube is subtracted, the results are descriptive of the subglottal respiratory system. These data characterize the neonatal respiratory system of infants with respiratory distress syndrome (with or without pulmonary interstitial emphysema) in the range of frequencies used during high frequency ventilation.

Airway Resistance↗