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Results for “Proventriculus”

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At least 649 records · Page 36Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Zygomycotic proventriculitis and ventriculitis in ostriches (Struthio camelus) with impaction.

Three young ostriches (Struthio camelus), aged 4 months, were found to have zygomycotic proventriculitis and ventriculitis associated with impaction. Clinical signs were anorexia, chronic weight loss, weakness and lethargy followed by scant faeces for seven days. Proventriculi and ventriculi from birds were full of masses of hay, grass, leaves and other fibrous materials in combination with sand, gravel and plastic. Erosions and haemorrhagic ulcers of varying number and severity were present in the mucosae of both organs involved. Mucosal lesions were characterized by haemorrhagic necrosis. Throughout the affected mucosae there were 5 to 12 microns wide rarely-septated fungal hyphae with non-parallel walls, irregular branching and occasional globoid distentions, typical of Zygomycetes. Zygomycotic proventriculitis and ventriculitis secondary to impaction was diagnosed.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Haematological findings in budgerigars with megabacterium and Trichomonas infections associated with 'going light'.

Eighteen budgerigars with clinical signs of 'going light' were euthanased and examined post mortem; ingluvitis caused by Trichomonas gallinae infection was present in seven birds, proventriculitis associated with the presence of megabacteria in eight birds and in three birds both conditions were present. Haematological examinations of blood taken from the living birds showed that those with T gallinae infection had normal white cell counts whereas those in which megabacteria were present had significant leucocytosis and heterophilia. Some birds in both groups were anaemic. The findings suggest that infection with megabacteria may be responsible for a proportion of cases of 'going light' in budgerigars and that haematological examination can establish this diagnosis in living birds.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Lesions in broiler and layer chickens in an outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus infection.

Fifteen chickens, five broilers and ten layers, from the Pennsylvania 1983 outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus infection, were examined. Gross lesions in the broilers were limited to serosal petechiae and dehydration. In the layers there was comb edema, vesiculation, and necrosis. Microscopic lesions were mild to severe diffuse nonsuppurative encephalitis, very mild to severe diffuse necrotizing pancreatitis, and very mild to severe subacute necrotizing myositis involving numerous skeletal muscles and most severe in the external ocular muscles and limbs. While many of these lesions have been seen in experimental infections of chickens with influenza viruses, the pattern of organs involved in this group of chickens is distinctive.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Histologic evaluation of the crop for diagnosis of proventricular dilatation syndrome in psittacine birds.

Histologic sections of crop tissue were evaluated for the presence of lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates within mesenteric ganglia. All birds with proventricular dilatation syndrome that had lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates in crop ganglia had similar infiltrates in the proventricular and/or ventricular ganglia. False-negative crop biopsy results occurred approximately 24% of the time. More invasive procedures, such as proventricular or ventricular biopsy, may be necessary if the crop biopsy is nondiagnostic in a bird with clinical signs of proventricular dilatation syndrome.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Resistance to Marek's disease herpesvirus-induced lymphoma is multiphasic and dependent on host genotype.

Genotype-dependent differences in Marek's disease (MD) susceptibility were identified using 14-day-old line N and 6(1) (resistant) and 151 and 7(2) (susceptible) inbred chickens infected with HPRS-16 MD virus (MDV). All line 72 chickens developed progressive MD. Line 15I had fluctuating MD-specific clinical signs and individuals recovered. A novel histologic scoring system enabled indices to be calculated for lymphocyte infiltration into nonlymphoid organs. All genotypes had increased mean lesion scores (MLSs) and mean total lesion scores after MDV infection. These differed quantitatively and qualitatively between the genotypes. Lines 6(1) and 7(2) had a similar MLS distribution in the cytolytic phase, although scores were greater in line 7(2). At the time lymphomas were visible in line 7(2), histologic lesions in line 6(1) were regressing. AV37+ cells were present in similar numbers in all genotypes in the cytolytic phase, suggesting that neoplastically transformed cells were present in all genotypes regardless of MD susceptibility. After the cytolytic phase, AV37+ cell numbers increased in lines 7(2) and 15I but decreased in lines 6(1) and N. In the cytolytic and latent phases, in all genotypes, most infiltrating cells were CD4+. After this time, line 7(2) and 15I lesions increased in size and most cells were CD4+; line 6(1) and N lesions decreased in size and most cells were CD8+. In all genotypes, AV37 immunostaining was weak in lesions with many CD8+ cells, suggesting that AV37 antigen expression or AV37+ cells were controlled by CD8+ cells. The rank order, determined by clinical signs and pathology, for MD susceptibility (highest to lowest) was 7(2) > 15I > 6(1) > N.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Proventriculitis in broiler chickens: immunohistochemical characterization of the lymphocytes infiltrating the proventricular glands.

Broiler chickens with transmissible proventriculitis have severe lymphocytic infiltration of the proventricular glands. The distribution of T cells and B cells in these infiltrates was studied histopathologically, and their identity was confirmed immunohistochemically (CD3, CD4, CD8, and B cells). To reproduce this disease, 1-day-old commercial boilers were orally gavaged with homogenized proventriculi from broilers with proventriculitis. Resulting lesions were examined at both acute (7 days postinoculation [i]) and chronic (14 and 21 dpi) time points. Lymphocytic infiltrates in the proventricular glands and the mucosal lamina propria were present at all time points and were most prominent and demarcated at 14 dpi. T and B lymphocytes were present during acute and chronic proventriculitis, but their distribution varied within the glands. Lymphocytic infiltrates in the proventricular glands and in the lamina propria were predominantly CD3+T cells, and most of these were also CD8+. B cells and CD4+ T cells formed aggregates in chronic proventriculitis. Thus, both cell-mediated and humoral immune responses are induced during transmissible proventriculitis, and the cell-mediated immune response is morphologically greater.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Thrombocytopenia in Newcastle disease: haematological evaluation and histological study of bone marrow.

A Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolated in Mexico and called Chimalhuacan strain was characterised by gene F restriction enzyme analysis and found to be a genotype II velogenic virus. Haematological evaluations and histological studies of bone marrow were conducted on chickens experimentally infected with the Chimalhuacan virus and on control chickens. Within 72 hours post infection (hpi), a 50% decrease in thrombocyte and monocyte counts and a complete cellular depletion in bone marrow islands were evident in the infected group. These findings suggest that the Chimalhuacan strain of NDV causes an early and severe damage of the haematopoietic cells including thrombocyte precursors, which might explain the marked thrombocytopenia detected in early stages of this disease.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Haematological and histological findings in birds experimentally infected with highly pathogenic H5N2 avian influenza virus.

Experimental infection of specific-pathogen-free (SPF) Leghorn chickens with a highly pathogenic H5N2 avian influenza virus produced cellular hyperplasia in the bone marrow at 36 hours post infection (hpi) and haematological evidence of monocytosis, thrombocytopenia and heterophilia was also detected. An early, significant and progressive haematological change was thrombocytopenia starting at 24 hpi without an increase of prothrombin time. The findings suggest that highly pathogenic avian influenza virus interferes only with the primary haemostatic mechanisms by consumption of thrombocytes, while the secondary haemostatic mechanisms remain intact.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Partial characterization of an adenovirus-like virus isolated from broiler chickens with transmissible viral proventriculitis.

Transmissible viral proventriculitis (TVP) was experimentally reproduced in specific-pathogen-free chickens using a homogenate of proventricular tissue obtained from TVP-affected commercial broiler chickens. Thin-section electron microscopy revealed intranuclear, approximately 70-nanometer (nm), adenovirus-like viruses (AdLV) within proventricular lesions. The AdLV, designated AdLV (R11/3), could not be propagated using various avian and mammalian cell cultures or by inoculation of embryonated chicken eggs by yolk, allantoic, or chorioallantoic membrane routes. However, AdLV (R11/3) was successfully propagated by amniotic inoculation of embryonated chicken eggs, with detection of the virus in proventriculi and intestinal contents of hatched 2-day-old chicks (8 days postinoculation). Virus propagation was evident in in ovo-inoculated chicks by (1) gross and microscopic lesions in proventriculi consistent with TVP, (2) immunohistochemical localization of AdLV (R11/3) antigens in proventricular epithelium, (3) thin-section electron microscopic detection of intranuclear, approximately 70-nm AdLVs within proventricular epithelium, and (4) negative-stain electron microscopic detection of extracellular, approximately 70-nm AdLVs in intestinal contents. Indirect immunofluorescence and polymerase chain reaction procedures that specifically recognize groups I, II, and III avian adenoviruses failed to recognize AdLV (R11/3). The findings suggest an etiologic role for AdLV (R11/3) in TVP and indicate that this virus is distinct from known avian adenoviruses.

Adenoviridae Infections↗
PubMed2006

West Nile virus-associated mortality events in domestic Chukar partridges (Alectoris chukar) and domestic Impeyan pheasants (Lophophorus impeyanus).

West Nile virus (WNV) infection was diagnosed in captive juvenile chukars (Alectoris chukar), and captive juvenile Impeyan pheasants (Lophophorus impeyanus) on the basis of necropsy, histopathology, polymerase chain reaction, and immunohistochemistry. The chukars were kept in a game bird farm that experienced two outbreaks with approximately 25% mortality in hundreds of chukars between September and October 2002 and during the same months in 2003. The submitted pheasants were part of a group of 15 juvenile Impeyan pheasants that all died within approximately 2 wk at the end of August 2002. The macroscopic lesions in the pheasants were dominated by mucosal hemorrhage at the proventricular to ventricular junction and cecal ulcers, whereas the gross lesions in the chukar partridges were nonspecific. The predominant microscopic lesion in the chukar partridges was myocardial necrosis, whereas fibrinous and necrotizing splenitis was prominent in the pheasants. Viral antigen was usually widespread in animals of both species. Spontaneously occurring WNV infection should be considered a differential diagnosis in cases of mortality among select species of galliform birds.

Animals↗