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PubMed2001

Writing for publication.

A discussion of the benefits and obstacles of authoring a paper for a nursing journal is followed by an explanation of the process of writing for publication. Benefits include advancing nursing knowledge and professional recognition of the individual author. The barriers addressed are time, failure to recognize expertise, a reluctance to subject one's work and ideas to the public arena for scrutiny, and lack of confidence with scholarly writing. The discussion focuses on choosing a suitable journal and subject, the role of the editor and peer reviewers in a refereed journal, and a procedure for planning, writing, and editing a paper. The process is addressed both in a generic sense, and specifically when writing a paper for AXON. Strategies to get nurses started with writing, such as critical reading of journal articles individually or with a peer group, writing with a mentor or group, and starting with small projects, are also included.

Authorship↗
PubMed2003

[Ongoing trials and future prospects].

Rosuvastatin is a new statin with a great number of pharmacological benefits related to the capacity of modifying favorably the lipid profile but also for the selective binding with 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, relative hydrophilic properties and selectivity for hepatic cells. Rosuvastatin demonstrated to be more efficacious in reducing LDL cholesterol levels than other statins and to be capable of increasing HDL cholesterol levels. It is well tolerated in a wide range of dosages maintaining its effectiveness. Many trials are ongoing with the aim to evaluate not only the efficacy of rosuvastatin in terms of surrogate endpoints but also in terms of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The usefulness of rosuvastatin will be evaluated also in selective patient populations affected by advanced renal disease or chronic heart failure. Two relevant research projects have been started recently, the GALAXY Programme, designed for evaluating the efficacy of rosuvastatin in atherosclerosis and ischemic heart disease and the GISSI-HF trial planned with the aim of testing the efficacy of this statin on morbidity and mortality in chronic heart failure and investigating the pharmacological effects on the pathophysiological mechanisms of heart failure.

Cardiovascular Diseases↗
PubMed2004

Community concepts.

Since the publication of "Sustainable Communities--building for the future", Government attention has focused largely on high-density affordable housing in the four "growth areas": Thames Gateway; Ashford; Milton Keynes--South Midlands, and London--Stansted--Cambridge. In this article, Thomas Yeung and Tony Bates suggest that a greater and more sustainable impact would be achieved if architects, planners, and developers considered the potential for community-based water and waste management and on-site energy generation and distribution right from the start of the project. In particular, they consider that the communal nature of hospitals, universities, and public/community housing provides a great opportunity for on-site renewable CHP and/or distributed heating, which could combine global environmental benefits with improved local amenities. They describe a simple model for prioritising energy management in the built environment, and draw on lessons learnt at ETRCL in Dagenham and BedZED in Surrey to offer a few recommendations for Government and developers. Tony Bates is the business development manager for Scott Wilson in the South East and is responsible for the promotion of sustainable communities through relationships with architects, developers, land owners and local authorities. Thomas Yeung leads the Energy Infrastructure Technologies group in Scott Wilson. This team offers an integrated approach to clean community-based energy generation, energy management, waste and water management, sustainable transport, and sustainable buildings/communities.

Conservation of Energy Resources↗
PubMed2003

Bioremediation: an important alternative for soil and industrial wastes clean-up.

Industrial and environmental biotechnology are going to new paths, resulting in processes with "clean technologies", with the maximum production and the less residues. Technologies of remediation and bioremediation are continuously being improved using genetically modified microorganisms or those naturally occurring, to clean residues and contaminated areas from toxic organics. Bioremediation of soils, water and marine environments has many advantages but at the same time it is a challenge for the researchers and engineers. Consequently, it is extremely important to carry out feasibility study based on pilot-testing before starting a remediation project in order to determine the best conditions for the process. The article presents a brief review of bioremediation including the description of the different methods applied to soil and industrial wastes, and, finally, some experiences of solid-state fermentation in relation to bioremediation.

Bacteria↗
PubMed2005

Haptic simulation of the milling process in temporal bone operations.

A VR-simulation system for educating surgeons of the temporal bone milling processes is presented in this paper. E.g. the milling process that occurs during the removal of certain cancer tumors in the brain. The research project is recently started up and this paper is an introduction to the bone milling simulation topic. We present how the graphical rendering of the temporal bone is done. Acquired data are managed using the Marching cubes algorithm to perform a visual representation. A re-production of iso-surfaces will represent the material removal occurred during the milling process. Force models are discussed and will be implemented in the H3D API, which is used to control the virtual simulation and collision detection. Equipment, implementation and future work are also presented in the paper.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Impact of a service-learning project on nursing students.

This article describes the incorporation of a service-learning project in a maternal-infant health course in a baccalaureate nursing program. Partnership goals between university faculty and project Early Head Start were to develop and implement a clinical education experience that not only enhanced services to teenage mothers, but also taught students key elements in the delivery of community services to this vulnerable population. This article examines the impact of the service-learning experience on students' understanding of diversity, perceptions of social responsibility in community service, and health care issues. Implications for faculty investment of time and resources are also explored.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Patient learning centre Soppi: A way to promote human-computer interaction in health care.

The Patient Learning Centre was founded in Hyvinkää Hospital in 2000 to support patients and their families' informational needs. In order to evaluate the Learning Centre's effectiveness we started a development project. One of the purposes was to analyze patients' Internet and computer use. The data for the describing survey-research was collected by questionnaires at two occasions. At the end of the project a number of patients who used internet had increased, one third did not use a computer at all. Getting information in discussions with the nurse was however the most important way. To develop user friendly methods in getting information is a challenge.

Data Collection↗
PubMed2006

[Medical waste management: the law and its application].

Medical waste management in Croatia is regulated by three fundamental legal acts: Waste Act, Ordinance on Waste Types and Directive on Manipulation of Waste Generated in Health Care. The implementation of these acts and waste management in general are also supported by Transport of Hazardous Materials Act and Toxic Substances Act. Modern trends in waste management promote an integral approach also called "waste chain". This integral approach to medical waste management is based on hierarchical structuring of waste management structure from the point at which the waste is produced to its final disposal. Priority is always given to reducing the amount and the harmfulness of waste by replacing harmful materials with those that are not, but where this is not possible, waste management includes reduction by sorting and separating, pretreatment on site, safe transportation, final treatment and sanitary disposal. Methods of choice for the final treatment should be the least harmful for human health and environment. Integral medical waste management could greatly reduce quantities of medical waste and consequently financial strains. Even though Croatian regulations define and cover all steps in the waste management chain their implementation is one of the country's greatest issues. Improper practice is seen from waste production in healthcare institutions to the final disposal, and includes handling, sorting, use of containers, or treatment in incinerators. Information on quantities, type and flow of medical waste are inadequate, just as sanitary control. In addition, Croatia lacks locations for sanitary landfills. Croatia has signed international conventions on the supervision and control of transfrontier waste shipments. Within the CARDS project, Croatia has started to harmonise its laws with acquis communitaire related to waste management. Although waste management is one of the priorities defined within the National Environment Action Plan, Croatia still has not made a strategy for waste management.

Croatia↗
PubMed1991

[Success in inpatient psychotherapy--results of a catamnesis project in a specialist hospital for psychogenic diseases].

The article reports on the quantitative and qualitative successes of inpatient psychotherapy within the framework of a catamnesis project that was started in 1986. All the patients of one year completed at the beginning and before the end of their inpatient treatment the PSKB of Rudolf, parts of the FAPK (Koch) and the Giessen test. One year later an abridged version and 3 years later the complete questionnaire material were collected. At the end of their course 12.5% of the patients complained of deterioration, whereas 20% did not report any change and 67.6% stated that their condition had improved. The therapeutic success did not diminish during the period covered by the catamnesis. By means of a factor analysis it was possible to extract 13 factors in the PSKB that were used as basis for the profiles of the findings.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Aging of the population: the 2d demographic revolution].

The extension of the duration of life and the growth of elderly population stimulate the neuropharmacology to research new preparations and consequently to develop new methodic of research. At present a project of research started by Glaxo and coordinated by the Centre for Geriatric and Gerontology of Modena University on "The use of a methodology to evaluate aging population and to investigate the effects of L-Acetylcarnitine in senile deterioration" is in progress. Some aspects of this research, like dimension, experimental method, ways of management, evaluation of findings are new. They were discussed and examined during a meeting held on 22nd and 23rd September 1989, the reports of which are in this volume.

Acetylcarnitine↗
PubMed1990

Measurement of the process of care. Experiences from The Netherlands and Canada.

These two projects provide a framework for the development of process audit in Australia. The use of explicit criteria of practice performance for different purposes enabled judgments to be made about that performance. In the case of the Netherlands, the process was also shown to lead to improvement in conformity with the criteria. It is planned to use the protocols from both projects as a starting point for the development of a process audit for use by Australian general practitioners.

Canada↗
PubMed1987

Effects of eight weeks of physical conditioning on atherosclerotic plaque in swine.

Effects of individually prescribed exercise on the regression or interference with deposition of atherosclerotic plaque were studied. Twenty miniature swine allotted, by litter, to a control-diet group (groups CE and CS) and an atherogenic diet group (groups AE and AS). All pigs were subjected to injury (balloon catheter) of the aortic endothelium. They were fed for 8 weeks and after an initial graded exercise test was done, then each group was suballotted to an exercising group (groups CE and AE) or a sedentary group (groups CS and AS). Groups CE and AE (exercised) were given 8 weeks of training. Groups CS and AS (sedentary) were sham exercised during this period. A second graded exercise test was administered to the swine (all groups) before they were euthanatized. Aortas were analyzed for the percentage of area involved and for atherosclerotic plaque density. Samples of blood from the swine after they were fasted were obtained before the start of the project (base line) and once every 2 weeks thereafter. These were analyzed for triglycerides, high- and low-density lipoprotein, and total cholesterol concentration. Comparison of results of blood lipid analyses from weeks 1, 9, and 15 did not show significant differences within diet groups between exercise and sedentary. Significant differences at weeks 9 and 15 were observed between diet groups (ie, the pigs fed the atherosclerotic diet had higher blood lipids). Plaque formation was not found in the pigs fed the control diet (groups CE and CS). Plaque formation was evident in all pigs fed the atherosclerotic diet (groups AE and AS) with no significant differences between exercised and sedentary groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Practical introduction of the medical student to biomedical research].

This paper reports on a course being given in the Institute of Biological Sciences of the Catholic University of Chile in which third-year medical students are introduced to biomedical research participating in it as assistants. The primary aim of the course is instruction in the scientific method on a tutorial basis. The course is elective; it is directed and coordinated by a professor, and conducted by tutoring professors engaged in research. The student chooses a research project from a list presented by the tutoring professors through the professor in charge. His performance is evaluated on the basis of his participation in the work itself and discussions of it, his presentation to the final session of the course, and his manuscript. In the last ten years, 47 per cent of the third-year medical students have taken and passed this course. Performance has been on the rise as shown by the fact that the results of ten of the research projects conducted in the course have been published in the last six years. A student who wishes to continue in a research project may compete for the position of student assistant offered by the School of Medicine, in which post he is enabled to complete his scientific training and the project he had started in.

Chile↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Productivity before and after installing a computerized system in a clinical laboratory].

A laboratory information system was installed on January 1991 in the clinical laboratory of the Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia. Our main objective was to speed up the administrative work and integrate its operations under one management. We evaluated the productivity before (1990) and after installing the system (1992), using the parameters proposed by the College of American Pathologists. In 1990 there were 30,764 patients who underwent 191,070 laboratory studies, resulting in 131 tests/clerk/day and 21 patients/clerk/day. In 1992 these figures were 43,679 patients, 245,280 tests, 168 tests/clerk/day and 30 patients/clerk/day. The productivity indexes showed a 41% increase in the number of patients and of 28% in the number of tests. In addition, the laboratory personnel started activities in teaching and research which had been non existent before, i.e. in 1992 they started three research projects and participated in three national or international scientific meetings. In summary, no additional personnel was required even though there was an increase in the workload, basically due to a more efficient organization of the work when using a computerized system.

Cancer Care Facilities↗
PubMed1993

Evaluation of an occupational health care programme: negative results, positive results or a failure?

Among personnel of the city of Amsterdam the incidence of disability as a result of musculoskeletal problems amounts to 15 per 1000 person-years in the refuse collecting department. A disability prevention programme in accordance with literature was started to decrease this high incidence of disability. In the process-evaluation after 2 years from the start of the project it turned out that only three of the ten preventive measures advocated were realized. These meagre results were explained by strategic factors such as lack of motivation among management and the fact that policy on worker health protection was isolated from the overall company policy. Recommendations for future evaluation research are given.

Humans↗
PubMed1993

Community responses to violence.

Community level efforts are effective in the reduction of violence. Community-level interventions have three goals: to prevent the escalation of risk for violence among the families in the community, to assist families at risk of or using violence, and to protect victims of abuse. To prevent violence or reduce its prevalence, community groups need to collaborate to reduce the community-level risk factors. Assisting families and protecting victims of violence requires coordination of community services, including law enforcement, schools, therapists, courts, child care, and social services. All of these goals can best be achieved through the efforts of a community level, multidisciplinary council or board that directs the programs. A community process to establish an integrated program involves several steps. The leaders that are identified need to represent all the disciplines and the entire geographic area involved in the project. Once the leaders start meeting, the baseline information and plan can be developed. Then the project itself can be undertaken, with the support of the media and other appropriate organizations. Several examples of effective projects document this process and its success; the best efforts involve coalitions of private and governmental agencies working together. Physicians are integral to this process. The practice of medicine provides opportunities every day to prevent and intervene in potential cases of abuse and violence. Also, by participating actively in the community, physicians can be effective leaders to change attitudes and behaviors and institute programs toward reducing violence.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

A model curriculum of health care informatics for Dutch higher professional education.

This paper describes the results of a two year project to design a model curriculum of health care informatics for Dutch higher professional education. The core of the curriculum are sixteen modules which cover the broad range of medical informatics and which are closely related to the profiles of the professions involved (nursing, physiotherapy, speech therapy, occupational therapy and dietetics). The curriculum emphasizes the need of using structured data and information to perform tasks in health care delivery and management, for which modern information technology is indispensable. The model curriculum will enable faculty to redesign existing undergraduate programs and to select the contents they see appropriate. In this way we hope that the model curriculum will contribute to an innovative attitude of future graduating health care professionals. A new three year project just has started to develop learning materials using professional health care software based on the sixteen modules of the curriculum.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1995

Costs and effects of a nursing information system in three Dutch hospitals.

VISION is an integrated nursing information system developed in the Netherlands. In mid-1992, a technology assessment of this system was started: the VISTA project. Its aim is to assess the costs and effects of VISION in three different types of hospitals: a University Hospital, a General Hospital, and a Psychiatric Hospital. The study was financially supported by the Dutch Ministry of Welfare, Health, and Culture. Each hospital selected an experimental ward at which VISION parts were installed (VISION was not yet complete during the study). Also, control wards were selected at which no VISION parts were installed. A series of two measurements were carried out at the experimental and control wards. The first experiences show that VISION can be used in various applications, in different environments. Although the second measurements were done just a few weeks after the installation of VISION parts, first effects could already be demonstrated. Nurses were enthusiastic and the quality of coordination of care increased. Time savings have not yet been demonstrated, but are expected after a longer, more extensive use of the system. Extrapolation of costs for hospital-wide implementation revealed that the costs of VISION are low compared to similar systems in the US. After reviewing the first results, each hospital decided to continue the implementation of VISION parts. More measurements are planned.

Analysis of Variance↗