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PubMed1975

Interpretation of the PPD skin test in BCG-vaccinated children.

Skin testing with 5 tuberculin units (TU) of purified protein derivative (PPD) of tuberculin stabilized with polysorbate (Tween) 80 was done 3 months and 1 year after immunization with bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine in two groups of children: one group vaccinated at birth and another group at age 6 years. Interpretation of the PPD skin test with 5 TU is possible in children 1 year and older vaccinated with BCG at birth: if the diameter of induration is more than 10 to 12 mm the reaction cannot be ascribed to BCG vaccination and is highly suggestive of supervening infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis or occasionally atypical mycobacteria. In contrast, the interpretation of a PPD test in children vaccinated at age 6 years is extremely difficult.

BCG Vaccine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

In vitro hemolysis and buffer capacity studies with the novel marine anticancer agent kahalalide F and its reconstitution vehicle cremophor EL/ethanol.

An in vitro biocompatibility study was performed with the pharmaceutical formulation of the investigational, marine-derived anticancer agent kahalalide F developed for early clinical studies. The pharmaceutical formulation consists of a lyophilized product containing 150 micrograms kahalalide F, 3 mg citric acid, 3 mg polysorbate 80, and 150 mg of sucrose per dosage unit, to be reconstituted with 3 mL of a mixture composed of Cremophor EL, ethanol, and water (5/5/90% v/v/v), resulting in a solution of pH 3 and to be further diluted in normal saline for infusion. The reconstituted product, infusion solutions, and Cremophor/ethanol (CE) vehicle were tested for hemolytic potential and buffer capacity. No significant hemolysis due to the kahalalide F formulation as well as the CE vehicle was found using both a static and dynamic test model. FB-ratio's (ratio of formulation solution (F) and volume of blood simulant (B) necessary to maintain physiological pH) as a measure of the buffer capacity of the kahalalide F infusion solutions examined indicated that no vascular irritation due to pH effects is expected in the intended administration schedule in the forthcoming Phase I study.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Ureteral substitution with a stapled neoureter: a simplified Boari flap.

PURPOSE: We evaluate a new technique that will quickly and easily replace a long segment of ureter by creating a tapered neoureter (Boari flap) with bladder wall and absorbable staples. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A neoureter was created in 14 pigs with native bladder and 75 mm. Polysorb gastrointestinal anastomosis staplers (U. S. Surgical, Norwalk, Connecticut). Urine culture and serum creatinine were obtained before neoureter creation. Neoureter length and time to construct were recorded. At 6 weeks serum creatinine was repeated, and ureteral stent removed with evaluation of the staple lines for stones and residual staples. At 4 months intravenous pyelogram, cystogram and serum creatinine were obtained before necropsy. The bladder, neoureter and kidneys were examined grossly and histologically for hydronephrosis, staples, stones and stenosis. RESULTS: Mean neoureter length was 13.4 cm. and mean time to construct was 15 minutes. Laboratory results were unremarkable. Of the 14 pigs 2 died of pneumonia before stent removal, and at autopsy neither had evidence of hydronephrosis nor anastomotic stricture. In the remaining 12 pigs there was no evidence of residual staples or stone formation with mucosa covering the staple line at cystoscopy and necropsy. Successful neoureter substitution was performed in 9 pigs with no gross or histological changes. There were 3 pigs that had evidence of hydronephrosis with histological findings of chronic pyelonephritis and 2 of them appeared atrophic compared to the contralateral kidney. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates a new technique for ureteral substitution with bladder and absorbable staples that may be performed quickly and easily. Furthermore, we show that absorbable staples can be safely incorporated into the urinary tract with minimal worry about encrustation or calculus formation.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Leptospiral carriage by mice and mongooses on the island of Barbados.

Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease, maintained by chronic infection of the kidneys of reservoir animals, usually small mammals. Infection in humans is acquired from direct or indirect exposure to the urine of infected animals. Leptospirosis has a high incidence in tropical regions, and has been studied extensively in several Caribbean countries. We studied the carriage of Leptospira serovars by two small mammals which are potential maintenance hosts of the disease in Barbados. A total of 136 mongooses (Herpestes auropunctatus) and 97 mice (Mus musculus) were caught in live traps. Leptospiral antibodies were detected by microscopic agglutination test (MAT) using antigens representing 12 serogroups, and kidney tissues were inoculated into polysorbate medium for isolation of leptospires. The seroprevalence (at a titre of > or = 100) in mice was 28.2% (24/85, 95% CI 19.0, 39.1) and in mongooses 40.7% (48/118, 95% CI 31.7, 50.1). In mice, antibodies were detected predominantly against serogroups Ballum and Autumnalis, while in mongooses the predominant serogroup was Autumnalis. Leptospires were isolated from 28 mice (28.9%, 95% CI 20.1, 39.0) and from 4 mongooses (2.9%, 95% CI 0.8, 7.4). Mouse isolates were identified as serovars arborea (17) and bim (7). As in other parts of the world, common house mice (Mus musculus) represent a significant reservoir of leptospirosis. Although carriage of the Ballum serovar, arborea, was not unexpected, this represents the first time that an animal reservoir of serovar bim has been identified. This is significant because bim causes about 63% of human leptospirosis in Barbados, and control efforts and education for prevention can now be targeted at a specific reservoir.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

An innovative surgical suture and needle evaluation and selection program.

This report describes an innovative suture and needle clinical evaluation program jointly designed by hospital representatives of Consorta, Inc., a healthcare resource management and group purchasing organization, and United States Surgical/Davis & Geck Sutures (USS/D&G), manufacturer of surgical biomaterials. Nineteen Consorta shareholder hospitals enrolled 699 surgeons to participate in Phase I of this nonexperimental observational study of the clinical performance of surgical needles and sutures. Performance characteristics of the sutures and needles produced by USS/D&G, which were evaluated in 3407 surgical procedures, included packaging and ease of opening, needle strength and sharpness, tissue drag, knot security, tensile strength, and clinically acceptable and unacceptable determinations. In these 30-day studies, the surgeons concluded that the needles and sutures were clinically acceptable in 98.1% of the evaluations. The general, cardiothoracic, and orthopedic surgeons, who performed 73.8% of the product evaluations, reported that the suture and needle products were clinically acceptable in 97.2% of the evaluations. More than half (50.1%) of the evaluations involved the POLYSORB* braided synthetic sutures,which received a clinically acceptable rating in 98.4% of the evaluation. The next most frequently used sutures were the SOFSILK*, followed by the monofilament nylon suture. SOFSILK* was found to be clinically acceptable in 98.7% of the evaluations, whereas the monofilament nylon was noted to be clinically acceptable in 96.3% of the evaluations. Surgical needles made by USS/D&G had a 97.9% clinical acceptability rating.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Farnesol for aerosol inhalation: nebulization and activity against human lung cancer cells.

PURPOSE: A nebulized aerosol formulation of the anti-cancer agent farnesol is developed and shown to induce cell death of human lung cancer cells in vitro. METHODS: A nebulized farnesol formulation containing polysorbate 80 (Tween 80) is developed. The measurements of the aerosol properties during nebulization were used as input for a mathematical model of airway surface liquid in the lung of an average adult, to estimate the airway surface liquid drug concentration of the deposited farnesol. Cytotoxicity of the formulations was measured in vitro on non-small cell lung cancer cells (H460 and A549). RESULTS: As much as 100% of lung cancer cytotoxicity can be achieved by using Pari LC Star and LC Plus nebulizers. The estimated airway surface liquid concentrations of the deposited farnesol reveal that the IC50 of the nebulized farnesol can be achieved over the entire tracheobronchial region, using the above Pari nebulizers with a volume fill of 5 ml. CONCLUSIONS: Drug concentrations higher than IC50 in the airway surface liquid are predicted with our methods, suggesting in vivo trials of a formulation may be warranted with these particular nebulizers.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1978

Bioassay of phenoxybenzamine hydrochloride for possible carcinogenicity.

A bioassay of phenoxybenzamine hydrochloride for possible carcinogenicity was conducted by administering the test chemical by intraperitoneal injection to Sprague-Dawley rats and B6C3F1 mice. Groups of 35 rats of each sex were administered phenoxybenzamine hydrochloride at one of two doses, either 5 or 10 mg/kg body weight, three times per week for 52 weeks, then observed for an additional 31 or 32 weeks. The vehicle used for most of the period of the bioassay was 6% propylene glycol in saline, although other vehicles, including 0.05% polysorbate 80 in saline, were used at the beginning. Controls consisted of groups of 10 vehicle controls and 10 untreated controls of each sex. All surviving rats were killed at 83-85 weeks. Groups of 35 mice of each sex were administered phenoxybenzamine hydrochloride at one of two doses, either 12.5 or 25 mg/kg body weight, three times per week for 50 or 52 weeks, then observed for an additional 31-33 weeks. Controls consisted of groups of 15 males and 15 females which were administered the vehicle (vehicle controls), and groups of 14 males and 16 females which were untreated (untreated controls). All surviving mice were killed at 83-85 weeks. Mean body weights of the low-dose male rats, low- and high-dose female rats, and low-dose male and female mice were comparable to those of the untreated and vehicle controls. The mean body weights of the high-dose male rats and the high-dose male and female mice, which died early, were lower than those of the controls. Sarcoma of the abdominal cavity (peritoneum) was found in dosed animals of both species, but did not occur in either the untreated or vehicle controls. In male rats, this lesion occurred with a significant dose-related trend (P>0.001), using a vehicle controls, and also at significant incidences in direct comparisons of the dosed groups with the vehicle controls (controls 0/10, low-dose 11/31, P=0.027; high-dose 16/20, P<0.001). In female rats, the lesion occurred at a significant incidence in the high-dose group compared with the vehicle controls (controls 0/9, high-dose 16/30, P=0.004). None were observed among low-dose females. In the mice, sarcoma of the abdominal cavity (peritoneum) occurred at a high and statistically significant incidence in the high-dose groups of each sex compared with vehicle controls (males: controls 0/15, high-dose 17/21, P<0.001; females: controls 0/13, high-dose 16/20, P<0.001). None were observed among low-dose groups. The morphology of the sarcoma was similar in the rats and the mice. It is concluded that under the conditions of this bioassay, phenoxybenzamine hydrochloride was carcinogenic (sarcomagenic) for the peritoneum of both sexes of Sprague-Dawley rats and B6C3F1 mice.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1978

Bioassay of phenesterin for possible carcinogenicity.

A bioassay of phenesterin for possible carcinogenicity was conducted by administering the chemical by gavage to Sprague-Dawley rats and B6C3F1 mice. Groups of 35 rats of each sex were administered phenesterin at one of two doses, either 5 or 10 mg/kg body weight, three times per week for 52 weeks, then observed for an additional 32 or 33 weeks. The vehicle used was 0.05% polysorbate 80 in buffered saline. Controls consisted of groups of 10 rats of each sex which received the vehicle (vehicle control) and 10 rats of each sex which were untreated (untreated control). All surviving rats were killed at 84 or 85 weeks. Groups of 35 mice of each sex were administered the chemical at one of two doses, either 15 or 30 mg/kg body weight, three times per week for 52 weeks. The males receiving 15 mg/kg were observed for an additional period of 29 weeks, and those surviving to this time were then killed; the animals of the remaining groups were observed for additional periods of only 10-22 weeks, due to early deaths. Seventy-seven weeks after the foregoing groups were started, additional groups of 40 mice of each sex were started and were administered the chemical at 7 mg/kg body weight three times per week; administration of the chemical terminated at week 102 for the males and at week 88 for the females, due to deaths of all females at this time. Controls for the low-dose (7 mg/kg) groups of mice consisted of groups of 20 mice of each sex which received the vehicle (vehicle control) and 20 mice of each sex which were untreated (untreated control); controls for the mid-dose (15 mg/kg) and the high-dose (30 mg/kg) controls consisted of groups of 15 mice of each sex similarly receiving the vehicle or untreated. All surviving low-dose controls were killed at 104 weeks, and all surviving mid- and high-dose controls were killed at 81-84 weeks. Phenesterin was toxic to rats and mice at the doses used, as shown by reduced mean body weights and survival. Time-adjusted analyses were used for evaluation of incidences of tumors in the female mice. In female rats, a dose-related trend (P=0.019) was present in adenocarcinoma of the mammary gland, using the pooled controls, and the incidences of the tumor in the individual dosed groups were significant (P<0.009) when compared with those in the pooled controls (controls 1/18, low-dose 12/29, high-dose 12/30). In male mice, the incidence of alveolar/bronchiolar carcinomas or combined alveolar/bronchiolar adenomas and carcinomas in the low-dose group (18/40) was significantly higher (P<0.020) than that in the low-dose vehicle-control group (0/16). In female mice, seven low-dose animals had alveolar/bronchiolar adenomas and eight other low-dose animals had alveolar/bronchiolar carcinomas. When these tumors were combined, their time-adjusted incidence was significant (P=0.004) when compared with that in the low-dose vehicle controls (controls 1/18, low-dose 15/35). The lower and nonsignificant incidences of these tumors observed in the mid- and high-dose groups may be due to the earlier mortality in these groups compared with the low-dose groups. In each sex of mid- and high-dose mice, incidences of lymphoma and leukemia were dose related (P<0.005), using vehicle controls; they were also significant (P<0.018) in direct comparisons of mid- and high-dose groups of both sexes with respective vehicle controls (males: controls 0/14, mid-dose 9/29, high-dose 11/25; females, time-adjusted: controls 0/15, mid-dose 14/18, high-dose 17/19). The significance of the incidence of lymphoma and leukemia in the mid- and high-dose groups of males was increased (P<0.001) when the pooled-control group was used, both in the test for dose-related trend and in tests for direct comparisons of dosed groups with the controls. In each sex of mice, sarcomas of the myocardium were found in all groups of dosed animals, but in no control animals (males: low-dose 5/40, mid-dose 7/29, high-dose 2/25; females: low-dose 8/34, mid-dose 2/7, high-dose 3/7). In males, the incidence in the mid-dose group was significant when compared with that in the pooled controls (P=0.006); in females, the incidences in the low- and high-dose groups were significant (P<0.023). It is concluded that under the conditions of this bioassay, phenesterin was carcinogenic in female Sprague-Dawley rats, producing adenocarcinomas of the mammary gland, and in both sexes of B6C3F1 mice, producing alveolar/bronchiolar carcinomas, hematopoietic tumors, and myocardial sarcomas.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1978

Bioassay of Estradiol Mustard for Possible Carcinogenicity (CAS No. 22966-79-6).

A bioassay of the experimental anticancer drug estradiol mustard for possible carcinogenicity was conducted by administering the chemical by gavage to Sprague-Dawley rats and B6C3F1 mice. Groups of 35 rats and 34-36 mice of each sex were administered estradiol mustard at one of the following doses, either 0.62 or 1.25 mg/kg body weight for rats and either 15 or 30 mg/kg body weight for mice. The vehicle used for the test chemical consisted of 0.05% polysorbate 80 in phosphate-buffered saline. The rats and mice were dosed three times per week for 52 weeks, then observed for an additional 30-34 weeks. Controls consisted of groups of 10 rats and 15 mice of each sex that were not administered the chemical (untreated controls) and also of groups of 10 rats of each sex, 14 male mice, and 16 female mice administered the vehicle alone (vehicle controls). Pooled controls were also used. All surviving rats were killed at 84-86 weeks and all surviving mice at 82-86 weeks. Mean body weights of male rats and male and female mice administered estradiol mustard were lower throughout the greater part of the study than those of corresponding vehicle or untreated controls; mean body weights of dosed female rats were unaffected. Administration of the test chemical had no significant effect on the survival of either male or female rats. A large number of dosed mice died prior to the end of the study. The numbers of dosed male mice which were at risk as long as 52 weeks were sufficient, however, for development of tumors appearing up to that time. Time-adjusted analysis and life-table analyses were applied to data obtained with the mice. In rats, no tumors were observed in a statistically significant incidence in the animals administered estradiol mustard. In mice, lymphoma or lymphocytic leukemia occurred at significant incidences in low-dose (P=0.018) and high-dose (P<0.001) groups of males compared with those in the pooled vehicle controls (controls 0/28, low-dose 6/32, high-dose 17/29) and at significant incidences in low-dose (P=0.020) and high-dose (P=0.002) groups of females compared with those in the corresponding vehicle controls (controls 0/14, low-dose 9/30, high-dose 11/23). In addition, the incidences of lymphoma were statistically significant for dose-related trend for both the males (P<0.001) and the females (P=0.003). Since lymphoma was observed in male mice as early as 25 weeks, life-table analyses of the incidence in each sex were performed. The results indicated a dose association (P=0.001) between the administration of estradiol mustard and the time of observation of lymphoma in either sex of mice. In mice, alveolar/bronchiolar adenoma or carcinoma occurred at a significant incidence (P=0.004) in the low-dose group of males compared with the pooled vehicle controls (controls 2/28, low-dose 12/30, high-dose 5/24) and at a significant incidence (P=0.022) in the low-dose group of females compared with the pooled vehicle controls (controls 1/28, low-dose 7/27, high-dose 1/18). Sarcoma of the myocardium similarly occurred at a significant incidence (P=0.015) in the low-dose group of males compared with the pooled vehicle controls (controls 0/28, low-dose 6/30, high-dose 2/24) and at a significant incidence (P=0.002) in the low-dose group of females compared with the pooled vehicle controls (controls 0/28, low-dose 8/27, high-dose 1/12). The survival of both high-dose males and high-dose females was slightly lower than that of the respective low-dose groups and may account for the higher numbers of pulmonary tumors and myocardial sarcomas among low-dose mice of both sexes. The association of myocardial sarcoma with administration of the chemical in both dosed groups of each sex is strengthened by the fact that these tumors of the myocardium have not occurred in the more than 500 male and 500 female historical-control mice of this strain at the laboratory. Squamous cell carcinoma of the stomach occurred in the dosed male mice (high-dose 2/29) and in the dosed female mice (low-dose 2/26, high-dose 2/14) but was absent in all controls. Although the incidences in this bioassay were too low to be statistically significant, the fact that no squamous-cell carcinomas of the stomach have occurred in the more than 500 male and 500 female historical-control mice of this strain at this laboratory indicates that these gastric tumors were related to the administration of the estradiol mustard. It is concluded that under the conditions of this bioassay, estradiol mustard administered in a buffered saline vehicle was not carcinogenic in Sprague-Dawley rats. Estradiol mustard was carcinogenic in both male and female B6C3F1 mice, inducing lymphoma, sarcoma of the myocardium, alveolar adenoma or carcinoma, and squamous-cell carcinoma of the stomach. Levels of Evidence of Carcinogenicity: Male Rats: Negative Female Rats: Negative Male Mice: Positive Female Mice: Positive Synonym: estradiol, bis((p-bis(2-chloroethyl)-amino)phenyl)acetate

Journal Article↗
PubMed1992

[Anaphylaxis caused by carboxymethylcellulose: report of 2 cases of shock from injectable corticoids].

Two cases of anaphylactic shock are reported, occurring after intra-articular injections of corticosteroids, containing carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), benzylic acid, polysorbate 80, and merthiolate. Skin tests and leukocyte histamine release are positive to CMC and negative to the other substances including the corticosteroids: prednisolone acetate and cortivazol . No cross-reactivity with hydroxypropylcellulose was demonstrated. These tests lead to incriminate CMC in these patients. Anaphylaxis to CMC seems exceptional, though CMC is widely used in agro-alimentary and pharmaceutical industries, as well as hydroxypropylcellulose. In one case, the possibility of a sensitization by CMC as a food additive is discussed, insofar as the patient has a fixed eruption which has been suspected to be owed to intolerance to food additives.

Anaphylaxis↗
PubMed2002

[Studies on a sequential injection renewable surface reflectance spectrophotometric system using a microchip flow cell].

A microchip flow cell was developed for flow injection renewable surface assay by reflectance spectrophotometry. The flow cell was coupled to a sequential injection system and optical fiber photometric detection system. The flow cell featured a three-layer structure. The flow channel was cut into a silicone rubber membrance which formed the middle layer, and a porous filter was inlayed across a widened section of the channel to trap microbeads introduced into the flow cell. The area of the detection window of the flow cell was approximately 3.6 mm2, the volume of the bead trapped in the flow cell was 2.2 microL, the depth of the bead layer was 600 microns. A multistrand bifurcated optical fiber was coupled with incident light, detector and flow cell. The chromogenic reaction of Cr(VI) with 1,5-diphenylcarbohydrazide (DPC) which was adsorbed on trapped Polysorb C-18 beads was used as a model reaction to optimize the flow cell design and the experimental system. The reflectance of the renewable reaction surface was monitored at 540 nm. With 100 microL sample loaded and 1.0 mL.min-1 carrier flow rate, the linear response range was 0-0.6 microgram.mL-1 Cr(VI). A detection limit (3 sigma) of 6 ng.mL-1, precision of 1.5% RSD(n = 11), and a throughput of 64 samples per hour were achieved. Considerations in system and flow cell design, the influence of depth of the bead layer, weight of beads used, and the flow rates of carrier stream on the performance were discussed.

Chromium↗
PubMed2003

[Granulometry and fractal dimensions].

The fractal character of exponential particle size distribution makes it possible to use fractal dimension for the evaluation of the results of granulometric analysis. The conditions of sedimentation analysis of talc in aqueous solution were optimized by adding nonionogenic tenside and deflocculation electrolyte. Dispersion analysis demonstrated the suitability of minimally 0.2 g/l of polysorbate 80 for talc soaking. In the evaluation of pharmaceutical granulometry, it is advisable to supplement the usually reported specific surface area with fractal dimension, which primarily contributes to a more general interpretation of variability of particle size.

Chemistry, Pharmaceutical↗
PubMed2003

[Efficiency of a new method for extrapleural plastic repair of the apex of the lung in disseminated destructive tuberculosis].

The Thoracic Department, Yarutsk Research Institute of Tuberculosis, has developed a new method for extrapleural plastic repair of the apex of the lung in destructive tuberculosis. The essence of the method is that pneumolysis of the apex of the lung and its bringing down is made by the well-known procedure described by L. K. Bogush after thoracoplasty. To prevent its expanding, the apex of the lung is fixed by a hammock mesh prepared before surgery. For this, No. 2 polysorb thresh is used and a 10 x 14-cm mesh is woven. The cells measure 2 x 2 cm. Then the mesh is placed in disinfectant solution. Surgery was performed in 41 patients with generalized fibrocavernous, disseminated, cavernous, and infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis, by yielding 90.3% efficiency. The developed operation may be used during a non-stabilized tuberculous process, anterior and upper lung destructions and in the presence of a giant cavity in the lung tissue. The time course of changes in the indices of external respiratory function is indicative of a more rapid and qualitative recovery of the external respiratory apparatus and of a rapid adaptation of compensatory respiratory mechanisms in the postoperative period.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

The choice of lipids and surfactants for injectable extravenous microspheres.

Suspensions of lipid microspheres sizing from 1 to 30 microm, whose fluidity and lipid/surfactant composition is suitable for parenteral administration were developed. None of the formulations prepared with Precirol (palmitostearate), as the only lipid, was physically stable during storage, because liquid suspensions formed semisolid gels within one week. Stable 10% (w/w) suspensions of lipid microspheres were produced using saturated triglycerides in combination with medium chain unsaturated triglycerides (Miglyol) as lipids and polysorbate 80 (2% w/w) as a surfactant.

Drug Compounding↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Topical delivery of celecoxib using microemulsion.

The topical delivery of celecoxib has been studied using microemulsion as the vehicle for the treatment of UV B induced skin cancer. Pseudotemary phase diagrams were constructed at different oil to cosurfactant ratios to identify the formulation variables for microemulsion formation, and the effect of these variables on skin permeation of celecoxib was evaluated with excised rat skin. Topical anti-inflammatory effect of celecoxib has been assessed using the arachidonic acid induced ear oedema model. Formulation E consisting of 3% celecoxib, 22% propylene glycol dicaprylate/dicaprate + caprylic/capric mono-/di-glycerides (2:1), 30% polysorbate 80 and water (all w/w) showed higher permeation rate and significant anti-inflammatory activity. The studied microemulsion formulations have a prospect for use as a potential vehicle for treatment of UV B induced skin cancer.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2004

[Means of reducing blood loss and volume of the used transfused media in operative treatment of burn lesions of the liver].

An experience with surgical treatment of 77 patients with focal lesions of the liver is described. The patients were divided into two groups. In the main group (42 patients) the treatment-and-prophylactic method was used including acute isovolemic and hypervolemic hemodilution, preliminary preparation of autoblood, isolation and ligation of the vascular-secretory elements, the application for local hemostasis with Takhokomb of "Tissucol", gelatinous sponge with gentamycin. In the group of comparison the compression of the hepatoduodenal ligament, isolation of the vascular-secretory elements by digitoclasia method, suturing the liver stump with polysorb were used in resection of the liver. The strategy used in the main group allowed to reduce the volume of blood loss, to lessen the number of doses of the transfused donor blood, to diminish the number of postoperative complications by 30.5%. The used complex is effective, simple and is not expensive.

Blood Loss, Surgical↗
PubMed2004

[Polylactic acid nanoparticles across the brain-blood barrier observed with analytical electron microscopy].

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a huge obstacle in therapy of brain diseases, for it hinders the delivery of water-soluble molecules and those with molecular weight above 500 from the circulation system to the brain. Polysorbate 80 (Tween 80, T-80)-coated polylactid acid(PLA) nanoparticles represent a tool to transport such drugs across the BBB. Transcytosis is put forward as one mechanism of drug-loaded nanoparticles across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). However little is known about it. Electron microscopy is an important method in the investigation on nanoparticles injected into the experimental mice. In this study it was found by fluorescence microscope that fluorescence existed along the capillary dissepiment. Some nanoparticles distributed in the brain capillary endothelial cells and brain tissue outside the microvaculum, which was observed by transmission electron microscopy. These particles were proved to be the Copper chlorophyll loaded nanoparticles which containing Cu detected by AEM. The in vivo experiments demonstrated directly that the PLA nanoparticles can pass the BBB indeed and transcytosis by microvascular endothelial cells may be the mechanism. The results provided an efficient way of drug-delivery targeting the brain. Copper chlorophyll could be used as a new symbol of nanoparticles in in vivo experiment.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Hepatic and renal failure associated with amiodarone infusion in a patient with hereditary fructose intolerance.

Hereditary fructose intolerance is a rare inherited metabolic disorder. Although fructose intolerance usually presents in the paediatric age group, individuals can survive into adulthood by self.manipulation of diet. Hospitalisation can become a high.risk environment for these individuals because of loss of control of their strict dietary constraints and the added danger of administration of medications containing fructose, sucrose and sorbitol. We report a case of hereditary fructose intolerance in an adult presenting with hepatic and renal failure associated with an amiodarone infusion and explore the possibility of polysorbate 80 as a cause of this patient's hepatic and renal failure.

Journal Article↗