Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Piperacillin”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 649 records · Page 36Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

[Fundamental and clinical studies on piperacillin in the field of obstetrics and gynecology].

Fundamental and clinical studies were made on piperacillin (PIPC) and the results were obtained as follows. Serum and uterine tissue concentrations of PIPC were obtained from 36 to 215 minutes after intravenous single shot of 2 g of PIPC. The cervix uteri, endometrium and corpus uteri showed the highest antibiotic levels of 38.0, 43.0 and 33.0 mcg/g, respectively, at 65 minutes after injection, and oviduct and ovary showed the highest level of 31.5 and 28.5 mcg/g at 36 minutes. Its concentrations were sufficiently effective against the major pathogens (Gram-negative bacilli and anaerobes) demonstrated in the field of obstetrics and gynecology. PIPC was administered 6 patients, including 3 of pelvic peritonitis (isolated organism was E. coli 1), 2 of acute endometritis (Klebsiella sp. 1, Peptococcus sp. + Bacteroides sp. 1) and 1 of acute adnexitis, in a dosage of 1 or 2 g twice or 3 times a day for a period of 5 to 8 days by intravenous administration or intravenous drip infusion. Clinical response was obtained excellent in 1 and good in 5. No adverse reaction as observed in any of the cases treated with PIPC, nor was there any marked changes in the laboratory findings.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Fundamental and clinical studies of piperacillin in the field of obstetrics and gynecology].

We conducted experimental and clinical tests on piperacillin (PIPC), a drug with a broad antibacterial spectrum, and achieved the following results. PIPC exhibited the following rather high therapeutic blood concentrations: 30--60 micrograms/ml at 1 hour after intravenous injection of 1 g of PIPC, 10 micrograms/ml at 2 hours after intravenous injection of 2 g of PIPC, 7.2 micrograms/ml at 1 1/2 hours after the completion of 1 hour dripping infusion of 1 g of PIPC, and 5.6 micrograms/ml up to 4 hours after the completion of 2 hours dripping infusion of 2 g of PIPC. The yield to the various uterine tissues is presented in decreasing order: the highest yield to ovary was about 40--50% of the blood level, followed by the uterine cervical region, portio vaginalis, myometrium and oviduct, the lowest yield, about 25--30% of the blood level was found in endometrium. We conducted a clinical test on 7 patients with infections of the sexual organs and it proved to be excellent in 3, good in 3, and ineffective in 1 case so that the overall efficacy rate was 85.7%. The patient in whom PIPC proved ineffective suffered from an underlying disease, namely the end stage of cervical cancer. One patient suffered from a slight headache but whether this side effect was due to administration of the drug is not clear. Absolutely no abnormal findings during laboratory tests which could be attributed to drug administration were made. Based on the above results, PIPC was judged to be an extremely useful drug in the treatment of infections in the obstetric and gynecological fields.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Fundamental studies of transferred concentration of piperacillin into maternal serum, umbilical cord serum and amniotic fluid].

In order to evaluate the clinical efficacy of piperacillin (PIPC) in the obstetrical field, 1 g of PIPC was intravenously administered to 45 normal term gravidas and PIPC concentrations in maternal serum, umbilical cord serum and amniotic fluid were determined. Fifty-three samples of maternal serum, 45 samples of umbilical cord serum and 44 samples of amniotic fluid were obtained at amniotomy and delivery. The results of these studies are summarized as follows. 1. Mean biological half life of PIPC in maternal serum administered to term gravidas was 61.43 minutes. 2. Placental transfer of PIPC concentration into umbilical cord serum was about 71% of maternal serum concentration after 1 hour. 3. There was no prominent difference in the PIPC concentrations of the amniotic fluid between the ruptured and unruptured cases. Fast transfer of PIPC into the amniotic fluid was recognized, such as 1 case was already raised to 4.3 micrograms/ml of PIPC in the amniotic fluid at 1 hour after administration. 4. The maternal serum and amniotic fluid concentration had a contrary relationship, and crossed each other at ca. 5 micrograms/ml of concentration after 2 hours and 50 minutes. Over a period of 6 hours and 20 minutes, the amniotic fluid concentration gradually increased.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1983

[Studies on the combination action of sisomicin, gentamicin and piperacillin, cefmetazole against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Serratia marcescens].

The combined actions of sisomicin (SISO), gentamicin (GM) and piperacillin (PIPC), cefmetazole (CMZ) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa E-2 and Serratia marcescens T-55 were studied. The following results were obtained. 1. The combinations of SISO-PIPC, SISO-CMZ, GM-PIPC and GM-CMZ using the checker board dilution method on P. aeruginosa E-2 and S. marcescens T-55 were found to have a synergistic effect and the minimum FIC index values were 0.38 in all combinations. 2. With the killing kinetic method, all combinations tested showed a synergistic effect. 3. A synergistic effect of the combinations of SISO-PIPC, SISO-CMZ, GM-PIPC and GM-CMZ was observed in the protective effect on experimental P. aeruginosa E-2 and S. marcescens T-55 infections in mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Pharmacokinetic studies of piperacillin after 4 g or 8 g intravenous injection in human healthy volunteers].

The pharmacokinetics of piperacillin (PIPC) after intravenous injection of 4 g and 8 g was studied on healthy volunteers, and the following results were obtained. 1. Serum concentrations of PIPC were measured, and simulation curves were obtained by using 2-compartment model. PIPC has been found to produce higher serum level soon after intravenous administration and it was rapidly eliminated. 2. In the view of pharmacokinetic parameter and peripheral compartment level of PIPC, it was estimated that distribution of PIPC of various tissues was prompt after administration. 3. PIPC was excreted rapidly, and approximately 100% excretion was observed up to 8 hours after instillation of 8 g PIPC for 2 hours. No accumulation of PIPC was noted.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Antibacterial action of cefoperazone and piperacillin against Escherichia coli].

A study of the antibacterial action of cefoperazone (CPZ) and piperacillin (PIPC) against E. coli demonstrated clear differences between these 2 drugs. CPZ showed higher bactericidal and lytic activity which was dose dependent and not greatly influenced by inoculum size. In contrast, the activity of PIPC was strongly influenced by inoculum size and showed high bactericidal activity only against a low inoculum size. The activity of CPZ was not related to the pH of the culture medium, whereas PIPC showed increased activity in an acid medium. In a study of the drug sensitive phase of a synchronous culture, CPZ was highly effective during the period of cell division showing strong bactericidal activity at that time. The bactericidal action of CPZ was inhibited by the addition of chloramphenicol. In contrast, PIPC which by itself demonstrated only weak bactericidal activity was not effective during the period of cell division. Although CPZ and PIPC both activate autolysin activity, CPZ was more active in this regard.

Cefoperazone↗
PubMed1982

[Bacteriological and clinical evaluation of piperacillin in the field of obstetrics and gynecology].

In vitro activity of piperacillin (PIPC) against 150 recent clinical isolates from obstetric and gynecologic infections was performed in comparison with sulbenicillin (SBPC), cefmetazole (CMZ), cefotiam (CTM) and cefsulodin (CFS). At 6.25 micrograms/ml PIPC inhibited 93% of S. epidermidis, 86% of S. faecalis, 67% of E. coli and 80% of Klebsiella. At 0.2 microgram/ml PIPC inhibited 100% of Peptococcus, 73% of Peptostreptococcus and 100% of B. melaninogenicus group. At 3.13 micrograms/ml PIPC inhibited 71% of B. fragilis 9 strains, B. distasonis 3 strains, B. thetaiotaomicron 1 strain, B. ovatus 1 strain. PIPC was constantly more active than SBPC, and it was especially more active against S. faecalis, Peptococcus, Peptostreptococcus and B. melaninogenicus group than other antibiotics. These findings show that PIPC is a broad spectrum penicillin against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms including anaerobic organisms. PIPC was administered to 5 patients intravenously and all cases proved to be effective. No side effects and no abnormalities in laboratory findings were observed. These results suggest that PIPC may be highly effective in the treatment of bacterial infections.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Clinical use of piperacillin on obstetrical and gynecological infections (Second report)].

We administered piperacillin (PIPC) to patients with obstetrical and gynecological infectious diseases and obtained the following results. 1. Sixteen patients were administered PIPC at a dose of 4 or 9 g by dripping infusion 2 or 3 times a day for a period of 4 approximately 14 days. Eight cases had cancer as their underlying disease (including cervical cancer etc.). The clinical effect was good in 3 of these 8 patients with cancer so that the efficacy rate was 37.5%. But the other 8 cases without cancer all responded effectively, so their efficacy rate was 100%. The efficacy was good in 11 out of 16 cases so the overall efficacy rate was 68.8%. 2. No side effect was observed. 3. No adverse reaction in laboratory findings (including hematological findings, hepatic function tests, renal function tests) was observed.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Fundamental and clinical studies on piperacillin in the field of obstetrics and gynecology].

We conducted a study on the utility in the obstetric and gynecological field of piperacillin (PIPC) which is a broad spectrum penicillin developed here in Japan. After administration of PIPC by intravenous one shot injection or intravenous dripping infusion the yield of PIPC to the various uterine tissues was a favorable 30 approximately 40% in comparison with the serum concentration and the discharge from retroperitoneum was about 100% to 300% in 4 hours. Thus it is thought to be useful in the treatment of infections of the retroperitoneum. During a clinical trial PIPC was administered to 16 patients with obstetrical and gynecological infections and it proved to be excellent in 4 patients, good in 10 patients and ineffective in 2 patients. Thus an overall efficacy rate of 87.5% was obtained. The only side effects observed was a slight transitory abnormality of liver function in 2 patients. Thus in the overall evaluation, this drug was considered to be useful in the treatment of infections in the obstetric and gynecological field.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Clinical evaluation of piperacillin in the field of obstetrics and gynecology].

We administered piperacillin (PIPC), a semisynthetic penicillin antibiotic, to 11 patients with obstetrical and gynecological infections and obtained the following results. 1. PIPC was administered at a dose of 1 or 2 g by intravenous bolus injection or dripping infusion 1 or 2 times a day for a period of 3 approximately 8 days. The clinical effect was excellent in 5 cases and good in 6 cases and all the cases showed good effectiveness. These included good in 1 case of adnexitis, excellent in 3 cases and good in 1 case of intrauterine infections, excellent in 2 cases and good in 2 cases of pelvic inflammatory diseases and good in 2 cases of bartholinitis. Bacteriological findings indicated that S. faecalis, Staphylococcus, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. magnus, etc. isolated in 6 cases were eradicated after the administration of this drug. 2. Neither side effects nor abnormalities in laboratory findings caused by this drug were observed. 3. Based on these results PIPC should be considered a very safe and useful drug for treating obstetrical and gynecological infections.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Clinical study with piperacillin in the field of obstetrics and gynecology].

1. Tissue concentrations of piperacillin (PIPC) between 80 to 150 minutes after the completion of 2 g/1 hour dripping infusion were 4.6 approximately 6.4 micrograms/g in the uterus, ovary and oviduct. These concentrations were higher than 80% MIC of the causative organisms, including Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Proteus mirabilis, Bacteroides and Peptococcus, isolated from infections in the field of obstetrics and gynecology. 2. The PIPC concentration in the retroperitoneal space exudate reached a peak value of 34.7 micrograms/ml at 2 hours after the completion of 2 g/1 hour dripping infusion and thereafter maintained a constant level. These concentrations were sufficient for the therapy of parametritis. 3. We administered PIPC at 4 g per day for a period of 4 approximately 8 days to 4 patients with obstetrical and gynecological infectious diseases. All cases proved to respond effectively. No adverse effects and abnormal laboratory findings were observed. From the above, we considered that PIPC was an effective and safe antibiotic against infections in the field of obstetrics and gynecology.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Clinical studies of piperacillin in the field of obstetrics and gynecology].

We studied piperacillin (PIPC) clinically to evaluate its utility and safety, and obtained the following results. PIPC was given at a daily dose of 1 approximately 4 g for 3 approximately 10 days by bolus injection or dripping infusion to 18 patients with various infections in the field of obstetrics and gynecology. Four of 5 cases with intrauterine infection, 2 of 3 cases with focus infection of uterine cancer, 2 cases with perinatal intrauterine infection, 2 of 6 cases with adnexal infection and 2 cases with vulvar infection proved to respond effectively. The overall efficacy rate was 66.7%. No side effect or abnormal laboratory findings were observed except for 1 case with rash.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Fundamental and clinical studies of piperacillin in the field of obstetrics and gynecology].

Human pharmacokinetics and clinical studies of piperacillin (PIPC) were carried out and the following results were obtained. 1. Transference into various uterine tissues PIPC transference into various uterine tissues was 27.3 approximately 67.9% (the ratio with respect to uterine artery blood level) at 1 hour after the completion of PIPC 1 or 2g dripping infusion for 1 hour in 5 cases. 2. Transference into retroperitoneal space exudate PIPC level in retroperitoneal space exudate showed the peak level 38.0 micrograms/ml at 30 minutes after the completion of PIPC 2g dripping infusion for 1 hour in 1 case. The pattern of the concentration trends was more continuous than that of venous blood level. 3. Clinical study We administered PIPC to 5 patients with pelveoperitonitis in 3 cases, puerperal fever in 1 case and wound infection in 1 case at a dose of 4 g per day (twice a day) for a period of 5 approximately 9 days. The clinical effect was excellent in 1, good in 3 and poor in 1 case. Neither side effects nor abnormality of laboratory findings were observed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Antibacterial activity of the combination of cefoperazone piperacillin].

The effect of the combination cefoperazone plus piperacillin was tested against 131 clinical isolates of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria by checkerboard titration and by determining the serum bactericidal activity. The interaction was synergistic against 9% of the strains in vitro and partially synergistic against 48%. In the serum bactericidal tests bactericidal titers higher than 1:8 were obtained with the combination one hour after administration. No antagonism was observed either in the in vitro tests or in tests of serum bactericidal activity.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1981

Effect of concentration and time upon inactivation of tobramycin, gentamicin, netilmicin and amikacin by azlocillin, carbenicillin, mecillinam, mezlocillin and piperacillin.

Carbenicillin and ticarcillin have been shown to inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics. This study evaluated the effect of time upon in vitro interaction between mixtures of four aminoglycoside antibiotics at two concentrations with azlocillin, mecillinam, mezlocillin, piperacillin and carbenicillin at three concentrations. By linear regression analysis, the inactivation of each aminoglycoside antibiotic was shown to be directly proportional to the concentration of the semisynthetic penicillin. Aminoglycoside inactivation was greater after 72 hr of incubation with the penicillins than after 24 hr of incubation. Inactivation by each semisynthetic penicillin was greater for tobramycin and gentamicin than for netilmicin and amikacin, especially at higher concentrations of the penicillins. At concentrations of 500 microgram/ml, significantly less inactivation of amikacin occurred when compared to netilmicin. There was little difference in inactivation of a specific aminoglycoside by any of the semisynthetic penicillin antibiotics. No significant change in aminoglycoside activity occurred when the aminoglycosides were stored with the semisynthetic penicillin derivatives at -70 degrees C for 30 days. Conclusions from this study are: 1) serum specimens containing aminoglycoside-penicillin combinations should be tested immediately or frozen before antibiotic assay and 2) aminoglycoside inactivation by the newer semisynthetic penicillins may be important in patients with renal failure who are receiving these antimicrobial agents.

Amdinocillin↗
PubMed1982

[Serum and urinary level of sodium piperacillin in patients with liver disease (author's transl)].

Serum and urinary levels of PIPC (sodium piperacillin) in patients with liver disease were investigated. Serum and urinary levels of PIPC are affected by the degree of liver disease which is estimated most exactly by KICG, and it is available for determination of dose and administration interval. When PIPC was administered intravenously at a dose of 2 g, serum level in patients with liver disease was showed high and prolonged. Therefore this is convenient for PIPC of which biological half life is comparatively short. In patients with serious liver cirrhosis, PIPC is probably cumulated by continuous administration and in this case, dose and administration interval will be needed to regulate.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

[Clinical evaluation of piperacillin in the urological field].

The sensitivity of 249 etiological bacterial strains causing inflammation isolated from patients with infections of the urogenital tract who were under treatment on an in-patient basis in our Department was examined by the Disc (3 concentration) assay method. Piperacillin (PIPC) was employed for prophylactic treatment in 18 patients against postoperative infections and for therapeutic treatment in 3 patients against complicated infections of urogenital tracts. The results of these studies are reported along with some discussion on the utility of PIPC in the urological field. The frequency of detection of bacteria isolated from the patients on their admission into our hospital was in the decreasing order of Streptococcus Sp., Proteus Sp. and E. coli Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella Sp. also were noted in some of the patients. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, nonfermentative Gram's-negative bacilli (NF- GNB ), and Streptococcus Sp. were detected in many of the patients who had had an operation or who had been in hospital for a long time. The sensitivity of E. coli, Proteus Sp., Streptococcus Sp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was invariably more than 80%, while that of NF- GNB was more than 50%. PIPC was used for prophylactic treatment of patients against infections at the postoperative stage in the urogenital field. Out of 18 cases, it proved to be markedly effective in 14 cases and moderately effective in 4 cases. There was no poorly effective case. PIPC was employed for treatment in 5 cases complicated infections of urogenital tracts. There was no markedly effective case, and 2 moderately effective and 3 poorly effective cases resulted according to the UTI efficacy evaluation standards However, its bacteriological efficacy could be identified in all the treated cases. Therefore, PIPC is a valuable prophylactic antibiotic agent against infections after an operation in the urological field. It may also prove valuable in the therapeutic treatment of complicated infections in the urogenital tracts. PIPC has a relatively large margin of safety in terms of side effects as in the case of conventional penicillin group antibiotics.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Transfer of piperacillin into the body water and gallbladder tissue in cholestasis].

Acute inflammation becomes severe and the risk of perforation of the gallbladder increases every time gall stone colic occurs in patients with cholelithiasis. In the surgical treatment for these patients, interval operation is said to be preferable to emergency operation in the acute stage. Furthermore, the flow of bile into gallbladder is blocked by incarceration of stones at the neck of the gallbladder and other causes in the acute stage. In this case, therefore, how an antibacterial agent in blood moves to the gallbladder wall is important in suppressing infections of the gallbladder wall. We divided 15 patients with cholelithiasis into cases positive for cholecystogram and negative cases and made a comparative study of piperacillin (PIPC) levels after intravenous drip infusion. PIPC level in bile in the gallbladder was very low in the cases negative for cholecystogram compared with the positive cases. However, no definite difference in levels of the gallbladder tissue was observed between positive for cholecystogram and negative cases. Accordingly, it is concluded that administration of PIPC is not ineffective even in severe cholecystitis in which transference of an antibacterial agent from bile can hardly be expected.

Adult↗