Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Paternal Behavior”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 649 records · Page 36Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Paternal alcohol dependence and offspring suicidal behaviors in a children-of-twins study.

INTRODUCTION: In substance abusing families, sources of familial comorbidity are potentially confounded by genetic-environmental (GE) interplays. The children-of-twins (COT) design can be used to elucidate the association of a parental trait and an offspring outcome such as the association of parental alcoholism and offspring suicidality. METHODS: We examined the association of paternal alcoholism and offspring suicidal behaviors in an adolescent and young adult COT sample of 'Vietnam Era Twins' offspring who had completed an interview including a comprehensive assessment of lifetime suicidal behaviors. We stratified the COT sample into four groups contingent upon paternal zygosity, MZ versus DZ, and lifetime paternal alcohol dependence history (AD), positive versus negative. We examined whether the relationship of paternal alcoholism and offspring suicidality was best explained by genetic predispositions common to alcoholism and suicidality or by GE interplay--environmental influences correlated with parental alcoholism or the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. RESULTS: Our results suggest a main effect of paternal alcoholism on offspring suicide attempt; COT analyses do not support a purely genetic explanation for this association. DISCUSSION: Suicide attempts probably result from GE interplays and must be studied in genetically informative samples of offspring of substance abusing parents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Effects of modification of the social environment on young monkey development.

Experiments and observations of the effects of modifications of the social environment on the young primate's relationship with its mother and its social-sexual development have begun to delineate the large number of variables that determine and affect the attachment relationship and that are contingent upon it. Attachment can occur to a number of mother substitutes, including a dog. Early experience has special importance but young monkeys are surprisingly responsive and adaptable to substitute maternal stimuli. The quality of developing social behavior is dependent on both the quantity and quality of an attachment. We have yet to learn what are the critical component stimuli which make up an adequate early social environment for young monkeys and apes.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

The impact of delayed fatherhood on the father-child relationship.

There is little empirical research on the impact of delayed fatherhood on the father-child relationship. From a large, nationally representative sample of adults in the United States, a subsample was drawn of 47 men who were both fathers of minor children and had fathered their first child after their 35th birthday. Ordinary least-squares regression analysis was used to test four hypotheses. Late-time fathers were found to (a) spend more time in leisure activities with their children, (b) have higher expectations for their children's behavior, and (c) be more nurturant toward their children, but they (d) showed no difference in controlling behavior toward their children when compared with on-time fathers. Empirical support is presented for the establishment of age 35 as the criterion for delayed fatherhood in future studies. Recommendations for future research are offered.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

The influence of birth setting on the father's behavior toward his partner and infant.

As part of a controlled, clinical trial conducted to compare medical and psychological outcomes of a birth room and a conventional hospital setting, we examined the behavior of fathers toward their partners and infants. One hundred fourteen couples were systematically assigned to either locale by strict alternation. They learned about this allocation on arrival at the hospital in labor. Observations of fathers' behavior were made at midlabor and during home visits at three months and one year. During labor, fathers assigned to the conventional setting were more involved in helping and encouraging their partners. Parenting behavior was not influenced by the birth setting. Unexpectedly, fathers were more involved with their infants when the mothers had expressed less satisfaction with childbirth. Compensation behavior may explain these results, which can be seen as appropriately adaptive in the face of perceived environmental deficiencies affecting the laboring woman and the infant.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Facilitating nurturant fathering behavior in the NICU.

Many of the roles required of the father of a NICU infant are new and unfamiliar, difficult to carry out, unrehearsed, and yet called for in an unexpected crisis. At a time when they too need nurturing, fathers of high-risk infants are expected to adapt readily and be models of self-control. It is apparent from this investigation that the primary nurse is in a strategic position to assist the new father in his acquaintance with and early adjustment to his infant. Although some of the fathers will become actively involved with their children, others prefer less involvement in infant care taking and display minimal nurturant behaviors. A nurse must be able to recognize these differences and support a father's (and mother's) choice. A couple's sociocultural ideology and perceptions of the father's role, as well as the family dynamics and values, need to be given primary consideration in planning nursing care. In order for the nurse to fulfill an important teaching role for the fathers (parents) of NICU infants, the nurse must meet the needs of each individual father in relation to the family system. This requires systematic and nonjudgmental assessment and caring facilitation of paternal role development and early father-infant and father-mother-infant interactions.

Father-Child Relations↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fathers' perceptions of the immediate postpartal period.

PURPOSE: To describe the perceptions of first-time fathers regarding critical moments of the immediate postpartum period. DESIGN: Qualitative study. SETTING: Data were collected through semistructured interviews with the fathers, using the critical incident technique; this was done in their home, within the first 12 days following the birth of their child. PARTICIPANTS: Sample consisted of 13 first-time fathers. RESULTS: A qualitative analysis allowed for the identification of five domains, five categories, and 12 subcategories of critical incidents within the first 96 hours of the postpartum period. The five domains of incidents relate to self and others: as individuals, as a couple, and as parents in relationship with the environment and with the nursing personnel. On the basis of a combined score of fathers' presence on the maternity ward, we were able to define three subgroups. All groups of fathers were sensitive to interactions with their baby and with the nurses. Highly involved fathers reported not feeling supported by the hospital environment policies in regard to engaging in behaviors that could favor their involvement with their baby. CONCLUSIONS: Increased awareness of fathers' experiences during the immediate postpartum period will enable nurses to respond more effectively to the fathers' needs.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Mitochondrial phylogeny of the Lamprologini, the major substrate spawning lineage of cichild fishes from Lake Tanganyika in eastern Africa.

Lake Tanganyika harbors the oldest, morphologically and behaviorally most diverse flock of cichlid species. While the cichlids in Lakes Malawi and Victoria breed their eggs exclusively by buccal incubation (termed "mouthbrooding"), the Tanganyikan cichlid fauna comprise mouthbrooding and substrate-spawning lineages (fish spawn on rocks, and never orally incubate eggs or wrigglers). The substrate-spawning tribe Lamprologini appears to occupy a key position that might allow one to elucidate the origin of the Tanganyika flock, because five riverine (therefore nonendemic) species from the Zaire River system have been assigned to this tribe, in addition to the lake's endemic species, which make up almost 50% of all 171 species known from this lake (Poll 1986). From 16 species (18 individuals) of the tribe Lamprologini, a 402-bp segment of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene was sequenced, and, from 25 lamprologine species (35 individuals), sequences from the mitochondrial control region were obtained. To place the Lamprologini into a larger phylogenetic framework, orthologous sequences were obtained from eight nonlamprologine Tanganyikan cichlid species (13 individuals). The Lamprologini are monophyletic, and a clade of six Tanganyikan lineages of mouthbrooders, representing five tribes (Poll 1986), appears to be their sister group. Comparisons of sequence divergences of the control region indicate that the Lamprologini may be older than the endemic Tanganyikan tribe Ectodini, and short basal branches might suggest a rapid formation of lineages at an early stage of the Tanganyika radiation. It is interesting that three analyzed riverine members of the tribe form a monophyletic group; however, they are not the most ancestral branch of the Lamprologini. This might indicate that they are derived from an endemic lamprologine ancestor that left Lake Tanganyika by entering the Zaire River system. These riverine species may not have seeded the Tanganyikan radiation, as currently thought, but may have recently recolonized the river after a long period of isolation, as soon as the lake was connected to the Zaire River again about 2 Mya. Neolamprologus moorii, endemic to Lake Tanganyika, appears to represent the most basal clade of the Lamprologini. Complex breeding behavior, involving the usage of gastropod shells and associated with dwarfism, is likely to have evolved in parallel in several lineages among the Lamprologini. The tribe Lamprologini may be in need of revision, since several genera appear to be polyphyletic.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Inhibition of infanticide after mating by wild male house mice.

The effect of mating on the behavior of male house mice (Mus musculus) toward young has been examined in numerous domestic stocks of mice, and the somewhat contradictory results led us to examine the effects of mating on the behavior of wild male mice toward young. The wild mice were the F1-F4 offspring of mice trapped in Missouri. Virtually all wild males exhibit infanticide prior to mating, but virrually all wild males were inhibited from exhibiting infanticide 3 weeks after mating whether they were placed into the cage of their former mate and her litter or into the cage of an unfamiliar female and her litter, similar to the effect of mating on the behavior of CF-1 male mice toward young. In contrast, wild males that had exhibited infanticide prior to mating were inhibited from exhibiting infanticide 3 weeks after mating when placed with their former mates and their 2-day-old young but not when placed with unfamiliar females and their 2-day-old young. When wild males were tested for their behavior toward young using the procedure of placing a single pup into each male's home cage, mating did not result in an inhibition of infanticide (about 90% of the males exhibited infanticide). Cohabitation with a female without mating also did not influence the behavior of wild males toward young. Wild males that exhibited infanticide when placed with a lactating female produced their own young more rapidly than did noninfanticidal males, thus providing further support for the hypothesis that under some conditions, infanticide can be an adaptive trait.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adaptation, Biological↗
PubMed2003

A concept analysis of the role of fatherhood: a Japanese perspective.

A concept analysis of the father's role is presented from a Japanese perspective. To conceptualize the term father's role, the process for concept analysis was employed. The analysis resulted in a definition of the term and four defining attributes. Two dimensions of the father's role emerged as being most commonly used or implied: a behavioral dimension and a consequential dimension. Each of these dimensions had another four subcategories in terms of the direction of the consequences: those were to the child, the mother, the family, and the father himself. The findings will assist in instrument development and to a further understanding of the concept that will stimulate nursing theory development and research.

Child↗
PubMed1999

Maladaptive behavior differences in Prader-Willi syndrome due to paternal deletion versus maternal uniparental disomy.

Maladaptive behavior was compared across 23 people with Prader-Willi syndrome due to paternal deletion to 23 age- and gender-matched subjects with maternal uniparental disomy. Controlling for the higher IQs of the uniparental disomy group, deleted cases showed significantly higher maladaptive ratings on the Child Behavior Checklist's Internalizing, Externalizing, and Total domains as well as more symptom-related distress on the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale. Across both measures, deleted cases were more apt to skin-pick, bite their nails, hoard, overeat, sulk, and withdraw. A dampening of symptom severity is suggested in Prader-Willi syndrome cases due to maternal uniparental disomy. Findings are compared to Angelman syndrome, and possible genetic mechanisms are discussed, as are implications for Prader-Willi syndrome and obsessive-compulsive behaviors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Plasma androgen levels during male parental care in a tropical frog (Eleutherodactylus).

Males of the Puerto Rican frog Eleutherodactylus coqui practice parental care of terrestrial eggs throughout embryonic development (17-26 days). Parental care is associated with marked changes in male behavior, including the cessation of normal calling activity (necessary for mate attraction) and reduction of egg cannibalism. To analyze the relationship between parental behavior and androgens, blood was collected from male frogs in the field and plasma analyzed for total androgens. Parental males had significantly lower androgen levels than both nonparental, calling males, and amplectant (mating) males. The decline in circulating androgens between the sexually active state (calling and mating) and the parental care state was fairly rapid (less than 12 hr). Androgen levels did not differ among parental males at different stages of the parental care period.

Androgens↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fathers of breastfed infants: postponing and types of involvement.

OBJECTIVE: To examine husbands' experiences of having their wives breastfeed. DESIGN: Qualitative method of grounded theory. SETTING: In-depth interviews by phone at home. PARTICIPANTS: Fourteen middle-class, urban, Canadian fathers of successfully breastfed infants. RESULTS: The fathers reported a disparity in the types of relationships that their children had with each of their parents as a result of breastfeeding. The process that enabled the fathers to accept this perceived difference was labeled postponing. Four fathering styles, which explain the variation in postponing, were found. The phases of postponing include becoming aware of the disparity, simultaneously developing accepting strategies and acknowledging reinforcing factors, and, finally, developing compensating behaviors to increase the fathers' interactions with their infants and promote closer relationships. When weaning occurred, the fathers' relationships with their children changed as the fathers found ways to catch up. CONCLUSIONS: A need exists for realistic education about the realities of breastfeeding for fathers. More outlets for fathers' negative emotions toward breastfeeding need to be found.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2002

Animal behavior: male parenting of New Guinea froglets.

Male parental care is exceptionally rare in nature, although one of the most fascinating aspects of New Guinea's biodiversity is the evolution of male care in the frog family Microhylidae. Here I report a new mode of parental care: transport of froglets by the male parent, which was recently discovered in two species of microhylid frogs from the mountains of Papua New Guinea. As the offspring jump off at different points, they may benefit from reduced competition for food, lower predation pressure and fewer opportunities for inbreeding between froglets, which may explain why this unusual form of parental care evolved.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Avoiding the 'costs' of testosterone: ecological bases of hormone-behavior interactions.

A combination of laboratory and field investigations of birds has shown that expression of behavior such as territorial aggression can occur throughout the year in many species and in different life history stages. Although it is well known that testosterone regulates territorial aggression in males during the breeding season, the correlation of plasma testosterone and aggression appears to be limited to periods of social instability when a male is challenged for his territory by another male, or when mate-guarding a sexually receptive female. How essentially identical aggression is modulated in non-breeding life history stages is not fully resolved, but despite low circulating levels of testosterone outside the breeding season, expression of territorial aggression does appear to be dependent upon aromatization of testosterone and an estrogen receptor-mediated mechanism. There is accumulating evidence that prolonged high levels of circulating testosterone may incur costs that may potentially reduce lifetime fitness. These include interference with paternal care, exposure to predators, increased risk of injury, loss of fat stores and possibly impaired immune system function and oncogenic effects. We propose six hypotheses to explain how these costs of high testosterone levels in blood may be avoided. These hypotheses are testable and may reveal many mechanisms resulting from selection to avoid the costs of testosterone. It should also be noted that the hypotheses are applicable to vertebrates in general, and may also be relevant for other hormones that have a highly specialized suite of actions in one life history stage (such as breeding), but also have a limited action in other life history stages when the full spectrum of effects would be inappropriate.

Aggression↗
PubMed1985

Plasma prolactin levels in parental male rats: effects of increased pup stimuli.

The effects of pup exposure on plasma prolactin (PRL) levels were measured in unrestrained, steriod-primed, orchidectomized parental rats. Castrated adult male rats were treated with estradiol and progesterone for 3 weeks and then exposed to rat young until parental behavior was induced. Blood samples were then collected from parental males in both the presence and the absence of pups. Samples were obtained through the use of indwelling cannulas connected via polyethylene tubing to syringes located outside each subject's cage. Despite the intense pup stimulation provided by exposure to nine rat pups, acute rises in plasma PRL levels were not observed in these unrestrained parental male rats. Parental male rats, therefore, do not appear to have the capacity to secrete prolactin in response to acute exposure to young.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Paternalistic welfare reform: current perceptions and behavioral models.

Most of the current welfare reform incentives make assumptions about the behavior of AFDC clients. Among these assumptions are that clients will seek to maximize their financial resources; that they understand the requirements of the welfare reform; and that they can control the behaviors targeted by the welfare reform effort. Using survey data gathered from AFDC clients involved in Maryland's welfare reform initiative, the authors suggest that the assumptions underlying these welfare reform initiatives may be too simplistic. For welfare reform to be effective, the authors argue that these initiatives must reflect the complexity of the problems and concerns faced by the AFDC client.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Experimental analysis of sperm competition mechanisms in a wild bird population.

Recent work on wild birds has revealed the importance of sperm competition as a source of sexual selection, but behavioral and paternity studies have previously provided only indirect evidence for mechanisms of sperm competition in wild birds. In a field study of collared flycatchers Ficedula albicollis we used a previously uncharacterized method to determine the frequency and timing of extra-pair inseminations. By counting the number of sperm trapped on the perivitelline layer of eggs, we determined the timing of inseminations and estimated, on a day-to-day basis, the amount of sperm females stored. Our results showed that female collared flycatchers preferentially engaged in extra-pair copulations when mated to an unattractive male with a small white forehead patch. These copulations were timed for the middle part of their fertile period, at least 2 days after the last within-pair insemination. Although the mean number of extra-pair insemination events was only 1.33 per cuckolding female, the ratio between the number of sperm from extra-pair and pair inseminations was at least 5 to 1. Thus a single, well timed extra-pair insemination caused by female behavior could greatly bias fertilization probability in favor of an attractive extra-pair male. Our results suggest a possible behavioral mechanism for female control of sperm competition.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Postimplantation pregnancy disruptions in meadow voles: relationship to variation in male sexual and aggressive behavior.

Previous research on Microtines indicates that the presence of new males may more effectively produce pregnancy disruptions than do pheromones alone. If the male's presence is important, behavioral differences among males may be related to the occurrence of disruptions. We observed female meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus) interacting with new males twelve days after they had been paired with stud males. Behavioral interactions were recorded for one hour on each of Days 12-14. Timing of parturition and weight gain by Day 12 were used to assess whether a disruption had occurred. Females with disrupted pregnancies were frequently observed mating within an hour of being placed with the new male, whereas females that retained their original pregnancies rarely copulated with the new male. When pregnancies were disrupted, female-new male pairs fought more, but also engaged in more nonaggressive contact than when pregnancies were retained. Pup survival and male attendance of pups were lower when females retained litters, suggesting that females could successfully rear more pups if the original pregnancy was reabsorbed. However, relatively aggressive females paired with nonaggressive new males protected retained litters from new males. New males were tested for aggressive and pup care responses to an unrelated pup on the day before they were placed with the females. Males aggressive to unrelated pups in these tests were also more aggressive to females on Day 12. These data suggest that male aggressiveness may signal females when it would be advantageous to disrupt pregnancy.

Aggression↗