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Costs of preceptors' time spent teaching during a third-year family medicine outpatient rotation.

PURPOSE: To quantify the cost of teaching a student in a family physician's office in terms of the time a preceptor spends teaching or of the possible decrease in a preceptor's productivity, as reflected in a smaller number of patients seen per day. METHOD: During July and August 1995 data were collected from 26 different preceptor-student pairs (the third-year students were attending the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine). A single research assistant was used to time the actions of the students and the preceptors and to record every activity (under one of four categories) of the preceptors that related to the students. Also recorded were the numbers of patients seen by the preceptor with and without the student and, if the preceptor was in a partnership or group practice, the number of patients seen by the preceptor's partner on the same day in the same office. RESULTS: For ten preceptors with partners, there was no significant difference between the number of patients seen by the preceptor and the number seen by a non-teaching partner. The preceptors averaged 0.17 hours listening to the students' presentations of patients, 0.51 hours waiting for the students to finish seeing a patient, 2.55 hours seeing patients with the students in the examination room, and 0.56 hours giving mini-lectures or testing the students' knowledge, for a total of 3.79 hours per day in student-related activities. CONCLUSION: Much of the 3.79 hours the preceptors spent with the students was spent seeing patients who would have been seen even if the preceptors had not been teaching. The best estimate of "extra" time spent by the preceptors would be the time spent lecturing or testing plus the time spent listening to presentations plus an estimated 20% of the time spent seeing patients with the students, a total of 1.23 hours. At $60 per hour, the cost of extra preceptor time would be $73.80 per day, or $1,254.60 per student for a typical four-week rotation.

Ambulatory Care↗

Practice patterns and attitudes toward education among Canadian obstetricians and gynecologists.

A group of 1370 specialists in obstetrics and gynecology were surveyed for information about practice patterns, continuing medical education preferences, and their perception of the adequacy of their own residency training. The overall response rate was 65.7%. More than half were in solo practice, practiced in communities of over 250,000, had been in practice for more than 10 years, or had a full or part-time appointment with a Canadian medical school. A wide range of continuing medical education methods were used. Journals were ranked highest by 41%. It is disturbing that very few physicians (15%) indicated any involvement in practice audit. The quality of residency training was ranked low in a number of areas including genetic counseling, ultrasound, neonatology, intensive care, colposcopy, sexual dysfunction, marital counseling, and hysteroscopy. The survey highlights a number of areas that merit the attention of Canadian programs in postgraduate and continuing medical education in obstetrics and gynecology.

Adult↗

Building a sense of teamwork within the organization. Getting along with your practice partners.

Experiencing teamwork is positive, energizing and motivating, writes Joan Wagner Zinober, Ph.D., M.B.A., in the third article of her series on the management and leadership of people. What is not so well known, however, is the impact of destructive professional relationships on the bottom line. Zinober offers guidelines on how to promote positive working relationships among practice partners.

Communication↗

A study of telephone advice in managing out-of-hours calls.

Two doctors in a five-partner urban practice recorded details of their out-of-hours telephone calls for a year. No caller was refused a visit, but 474 of the 809 incoming calls (59%) were managed by telephone advice, an unexpectedly high proportion. Although these callers were instructed to telephone again if still worried, only 40 did so during the same duty period, and only 55% of a smaller sample of patients receiving telephone advice only consulted again within a week. No evident detriment to patients' health was observed. Thirty nine (5%) of the 809 incoming calls were managed by an out-of-hours surgery attendance and 296(37%) by a home visit. The urgency of the visits made was categorized retrospectively as high (34% of visits), medium (39%) and low (27%). It is hoped that this descriptive account will foster discussion of the value and implications of telephone advice in managing out-of-hours calls.

Adolescent↗