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At least 649 records · Page 36Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Paralysis of laboratory rabbits by nymphae of Ixodes rubicundus, Neumann 1904 (Acarina: Ixodidae) and some effects on the life-cycle following feeding under different temperature conditions.

Feeding under constant cold conditions resulted in a marginal shortening of feeding period and a major shortening of the subsequent developmental phase of all stages of Ixodes rubicundus Neumann 1904, the Karoo paralysis tick. Paralysis occurred in laboratory rabbits when nymphae were fed on them under constant warm, constant cold and fluctuating ambient winter conditions. This paralysis was found to be dependent on infestation rate and feeding conditions. Under constant cold conditions paralysis resulted from lower levels of infestation than under warm or under fluctuating winter conditions. Neurological parameters used in assessing the progression of the paresis are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

The pattern of isolated sleep paralysis among Nigerian medical students.

In a cross-sectional study of the patterns of isolated sleep paralysis among 164 Nigerian medical students, 26.1% admitted having experienced this phenomenon. About 31% of the females and 20% of the males had had this experience. Of those with sleep paralysis, 32.6% had hypnogenic hallucinations during the episode, mainly visual. Sleep paralysis was not significantly associated with psychosocial distress or differences in personality profile. Although the rate differs across cultures, the myths associated with sleep paralysis are similar.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Benign paralysis of the last 4 cranial nerves. Arguments in favor of an ischemic mechanism].

The last four cranial nerves are fed by the ascending pharyngeal artery, a branch of the external carotid artery. The fact that paralysis of these nerves may occur immediately after arteriography of the external carotid artery demonstrates that ischaemic truncular neuropathies do exist. The deficit is sudden and usually regressive. Ischaemia may account for regressive paralysis of these nerves reported in diabetes, herpes zoster and after some traumas. Apparently idiopathic and benign paralysis might be due to the same mechanism. All 4 nerves may be affected, or only the IXth, Xth and XIth nerves, or the XIth nerve may be spared, being fed by two arteries. Apart from the obvious case of arteriographic accident, the diagnosis of paralysis of ischaemic origin can only be made after other causes, notably compression, have been excluded, since direct evidence of arterial obstruction is exceptionally obtainable; regression at follow-up is a major argument in favour of ischaemia.

Accessory Nerve↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Electric stimulation in cases of flaccid paralysis].

Forty-six patients with flaccid paralysis of muscles were treated with stimulation with exponential currents. In 7 groups of patients three grades of muscle paralysis were distinguished, on the basis of muscle reaction to a definite duration of electrical stimulus. The best therapeutic results were obtained in paresis, fairly good in moderate paralysis, less good in severe paralysis. The results depended on the degree of muscle denervation, the extent of damage to the peripheral motor neuron and to the conditions of regeneration of the peripheral nerve.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Continuous skeletal muscle paralysis: effect on neonatal pulmonary mechanics.

Pancuronium bromide (Pavulon) is used to induce skeletal muscle paralysis in preterm infants, presumably for effective ventilatory support during acute respiratory failure. Twelve infants with respiratory failure were evaluated for sequential changes in pulmonary mechanics during continuous pancuronium administration (0.1 mg/kg every two to three hours) for more than 48 hours. The study weight of the neonates ranged from 980 to 2,950 g, and the postconceptional age ranged from 27 to 41 weeks. Pulmonary compliance, resistance, and resistive work of breathing were determined, using least mean square analysis technique, daily for three days and after discontinuation of pancuronium (even though there was no clinical improvement in ventilatory management). The dynamic pulmonary compliance decreased from 0.38 +/- 0.05 to 0.30 +/- 0.04 mL/cm H2O/kg (mean +/- SE) (P less than .05) and the total pulmonary resistance increased 51% from 115.6 +/- 21.3 to 174.9 +/- 27.3 cm H2O/L/s (P less than .005) during prolonged skeletal muscle paralysis. Upon discontinuation of pancuronium, the dynamic pulmonary compliance increased 43% to 0.43 +/- 0.4 mL/cm H2O/kg (P less than .05) and the total pulmonary resistance decreased by 41% (P less than .005). These data question the advisability of prolonged skeletal muscle paralysis in neonates and suggest the need for further detailed evaluation of the effects of prolonged paralysis on neonatal pulmonary mechanics.

Humans↗
PubMed1988

[Therapy of paroxysmal hypokalemic paralysis: experience with diclofenamid].

A case of familial hypokalemic periodic paralysis is discussed in a boy whose first paralysis occurred at 11 years of age. At first the paralysis was controlled by acetazolamid and potassium therapy. Later, frequent attacks of paralysis and muscle weakness developed necessitating a change of therapy. Diclofenamid has now already been administered for 2 years. It is well tolerated and has suppressed further attacks.

Child↗
PubMed1986

Gait abnormalities in peroneal nerve paralysis and their corrections by orthoses: a biomechanical study.

Stroke, brain injury, incomplete spinal cord injuries, and peripheral neuropathies frequently result in dysfunction of the foot dorsiflexors and evertors. A controlled examination of aspects of these disabilities was conducted with normal volunteers who underwent a temporary peroneal nerve block. The effects of peroneal nerve paralysis were analyzed to quantitatively describe the resulting gait abnormalities and to assess the effectiveness of orthoses in restoring a normal gait pattern. Kinematic and kinetic measurements were made during normal ambulation, ambulation with a right peroneal nerve paralysis, and ambulation with a paralysis and an ankle-foot orthosis (AFO) with three different adjustments: a posterior stop set in 5 degrees plantarflexion, a posterior stop set in 5 degrees dorsiflexion, and spring-assisted dorsiflexion. The peroneal paralysis produced abnormalities during both the stance and swing phases of gait. During early stance there was a decrease in the length of the heelstrike phase and a reduction in the peak plantarflexion moment (p less than 0.01). During midstance there was an increase in the range of inversion-eversion achieved suggesting medial-lateral instability (p less than 0.01). The second vertical force peak and the aft-shear force peak were reduced (p less than 0.05) as were the peak dorsiflexion moment and the opposite steplength (p less than 0.01). These reductions are believed to be due to medial-lateral instability during pushoff. Subjects demonstrated a steppage gait during swing phase and increased inversion just prior to heelstrike (p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Paralysis of the trapezius associated with myogenic torticollis. A report of 6 cases.

The authors report the follow-up results of forty-three patients operated on for myogenic torticollis between 1965 and 1975. The surgical treatment consisted of distal tenotomy in eight cases, distal and proximal tenotomy in twenty-three cases, tenomyomectomy in eight cases. The results were subdivided into three groups: excellent twenty-two, (57 per cent); good , fourteen (38 per cent); poor, two (five per cent). The most interesting finding that emerged was the association of paralysis of the trapezius muscle with myogenic torticollis: this was observed in six cases, three after and three before operation. Preoperative investigations, including an EMG test and confirmation at operation, appeared to show that the paralysis was secondary to compression of the accessory nerve in its passage through the sternocleidomastoid muscle. Neurolysis, performed in three cases, led to recovery of the paralysis. Compression of the accessory nerve is slowly progressive, and paralysis or paresis of the trapezius muscle therefore occurred late. In fact, the patients who presented with both lesions were well beyond infancy. The authors emphasize the importance of being aware of the association of this lesion with myogenic torticollis so that operation for the latter may complemented by neurolysis of the accessory nerve.

Accessory Nerve↗
PubMed1982

Unexplained diaphragmatic paralysis: a harbinger of malignant disease?

The records of 103 male and 39 female patients with unexplained diaphragmatic paralysis were reviewed. A probable cause of the paralysis was not revealed by the initial history, physical examination, or review of plain chest roentgenograms. Paralysis occurred on the left in 82 patients (58%), on the right in 58 (41%), and bilaterally in two (1%). Initially, 64 patients (45%) had symptoms; dyspnea, cough, and chest wall pain were the most common. Long-term follow-up showed the best prognosis to be for patients with chest wall pain and cough (improvement in 82% and 78%, respectively); dyspnea improved in only 34% of patients with this complaint. Intrathoracic malignant lesions with phrenic nerve involvement were subsequently diagnosed in five patients (3.5%) and progressive neurogenic atrophy in one (0.7%). Roentgenographic follow-up showed return of normal diaphragmatic position in only 12 instances (9.2%). Patients with unexplained diaphragmatic paralysis are unlikely to have an underlying occult malignant or neurologic process, but recovery of diaphragmatic function is also unlikely and subsidence of related symptoms is variable.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Treatment of peripheral facial paralysis with ultrasound].

In a survey on the onset of peripheral facial paralysis, the roll of hypertension in the stylomastoid canal compressing the facial nerve is underlined. Intracanalicular hypertension is due to edema resulting from capillary vasodilatation, secondary to anoxia due to a regional vasospasm. When return channels of local circulation are blocked, the edema is further stabilized. Consequent nervous blockage however, very often does not go beyond the functional level; prompt recovery in the majority of cases after hypertension is averted, confirms this assertion. Nevertheless, current treatments seem to have little effect on Bell's palsy. In the present experiment, daily ultrasound irradiations of the mastoid process were tried on 30 cases of peripheral facial paralysis. Results give evidence that this therapy has particular efficiency when applied early in the course of the paralysis, before the onset of Wallerian degeneration. Integral cure or nearly complete recovery was attained before the 20 th sitting in 14 cases out of 15 patients where treatment was begun before the 8 th day of paralysis. The efficiency of ultrasound therapy proved to be less marked when applied with delay or applied on subjects with unhealthy systemic condition. Improvement in some of these cases was evident though and dependent on the presence and quantity of nervous fibres having escaped Wallerian degeneration.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Velopharyngeal closure in patients with facial paralysis: the fiberscopic examination of the velopharyngeal movements.

The present study was intended to clarify the role of the facial nerve in velopharyngeal movement and to determine the pathway of the facial nerve innervating the muscles related to velopharyngeal closure in man. Velopharyngeal function in 100 patients with idiopathic peripheral facial paralysis was analyzed using the nasopharyngeal fiberscope (NPF) and neuro-otological examinations. Lack of velopharyngeal closure was observed during Japanese isolated vowels and vowels in consonant-vowel (CV) syllables in patients with facial paralysis. Velopharyngeal opening was found in 85.7% of the subjects with suprastapedial paralysis and in 22.2% of those with infrastapedial paralysis. The facial nerve seemed to affect velopharyngeal movement, at least during vowel productions, through the greater petrosal nerve. Velopharyngeal closure in swallowing and blowing was always demonstrated. Hypernasality during connected speech was not heard in these patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Inspiratory stridor due to vocal cord paralysis in children with myelomeningocele and hydrocephalus].

Inspiratory stridor in combination with myelomeningocele and increased intracranial pressure is caused by bilateral vocal cord paralysis in children with Arnold-Chiari-deformation. The diagnosis of bilateral vocal cord paralysis can be established by direct laryngoscopy performed without general anesthesia. As emergency measures naso-tracheal intubation, tracheostomy and immediate ventricular puncture are recommended. Reduction of intracranial pressure has always to be performed within 24 hours. The bilateral vocal cord paralysis is totally reversible if the inracranial pressure is decreased timely. The bilateral vocal cord paralysis becomes irreversible when degeneration of the nucleus ambiguus occurs secondary to peripheral lesions of the nervus vagus.

Arnold-Chiari Malformation↗
PubMed1982

Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis with ventricular fibrillation.

Electrocardiographic conduction disturbances and nonspecific interval changes are not uncommon during hypokalemic periodic paralysis. Although premature ventricular contractions may occur during the paretic episodes associated with hyperkalemic, normokalemic, and hypokalemic periodic paralysis, ventricular tachycardia is rare; to my knowledge, ventricular fibrillation has not been previously reported. In 1977 a 40-year-old man of Puerto Rican descent was resuscitated from ventricular fibrillation and subsequently received a diagnosis of thyrotoxic hypokalemic periodic paralysis. Following thyroid suppression the patient has been asymptomatic; ambulatory ECG monitor, maximal exercise stress test, and echocardiograms have been normal. This case documents the occurrence of ventricular fibrillation in thyrotoxic periodic paralysis.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Acute respiratory failure disclosing bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis].

In the case of three patients an acute respiratory failure with alveolar hypoventilation is related to bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis apparently isolated from any other neurologic abnormalities. The current initial diagnosis of pulmonary embolism leading to admission in an intensive respiratory care unit, because of the severity of the acute respiratory failure, has to be rectified then. Bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis is suspected on account of the absence of any patent etiology, on increasing dyspnea in supine position and paradoxic movements of the upper abdomen (whether spontaneously or in attempted weaning of ventilation support). Bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis is asserted by electromyogram with measurement of nerve conduction velocities of the two phrenic nerves. In the first case, it appears early in the course of an amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; in the second case, it occurs before the presence of a herpes-zoster becomes patent. In the third case, paralysis seems to be idiopathic. Evolution is promising in the last two cases, owing to the reversibility of the lesions. The difficulty of diagnosis, the varying nature of etiology and prognosis encountered in these three cases are also apparent in the 15 cases published in medical literature. The small number of cases published up to now, contrasting with the cases we have witnessed over the last 3 years, leads us to think that this disease must exist more often and may remain unknown to us.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[The post-operative recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis and its course (author's transl)].

Benign diseases of the thyroid may also be the cause of pre-operative paralysis of the recurrent laryngeal nerves. the frequency of palsies in uncomplicated strumectomies is approximately 4 to 5%. A markedly higher risk exists in endothoracic goitres which must be delivered by thoracotomy, in recurrencies and thyroiditis. Dissection, crush lesions, strain and nerves mistakenly pulled into a ligature are the most frequent causes of injury; haematoma, oedema, heat by diathermy, lesions caused by a scar and a neuritis of the nerve are less common. 30 to 50% of unilateral laryngeal nerve palsies are without symptoms. An exact examination, however, reveals some alterations of the voice. A logopedic treatment combined with electro-therapy accelerates the compensation of the intact vocal cord. In bilateral paralysis of the recurrent laryngeal nerves a tracheotomy is necessary because of respiratory distress. After 6 to 9 months a glottis-widening procedure may be performed since no further recovery can be expected. A unilateral paralysis has a recovery rate of 40%; therefore in 2 to 3% of uncomplicated strumectomies a definite paralysis of the recurrent laryngeal nerve is observed.

Glottis↗
PubMed1995

[Reconstruction of chronic facial paralysis by free gracilis muscle transfer. Apropos of 59 cases].

Surgical repair of facial paralysis is designed to restore automatic and uniform facial expression. The authors report their experience of 64 patients with longstanding facial paralysis treated by revascularized and reinnervated gracilis muscle transfer. Reinnervation of the gracilis muscle was obtained by anastomosis of its motor nerve to the facial nerve on the healthy side following preliminary transfacial nerve graft. 59 patients were followed for 1 to 8 years; the mean duration of facial paralysis was 14 years in this series. The authors modified the gracilis muscle harvesting technique by decreasing the muscle mass to a minimum. Two complications were observed: one severe infection leading to thrombosis of the anastomosed vessels and one intraoperative technical difficulty concerning the nerve anastomosis. The results were considered to be good in 72% of cases and excellent in 5% of cases in terms of facial expression. However, good results were not obtained in muscle transfer for palpebral paralysis, in which the authors prefer to make the eyelid heavier by inserting a gold weight implant after modifying this technique to lower the rejection rate.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[Hemidiaphragmatic paralysis as a manifestation of familial brachial plexus neuropathy].

We present a patient with familial brachial plexus neuropathy (FBPN) who is in the second generation of a family found to have this disease. The patient suffered phrenic paralysis, which has only been previously described in association with FBPN in 4 similar cases, all of which also involved the left phrenic nerve. The side of phrenic paralysis's was unrelated to the side where brachial plexus lesions occurred. We believe that paralysis of the diaphragm, although rare, can be considered a sign of FBPN and that therefore this disease should be included in the differential diagnosis of such paralysis. This is particularly so whenever family or personal history suggest that the peripheral nervous system may be involved, compromising the brachial plexus, or whenever facial or digital dysmorphia is present.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Laryngeal paralysis-polyneuropathy complex in young Dalmatians.

Clinical, morphologic, and morphometric findings are reported in 14 young Dalmatians with laryngeal paralysis. Neurologic signs, including megaesophagus, were observed in 13 of 14 dogs. Electromyographic abnormalities included fibrillation potentials and positive sharp waves in laryngeal, esophageal, facial, and distal appendicular muscles. Neurogenic atrophy was detected in intrinsic laryngeal and appendicular skeletal muscles. A diffuse, generalized polyneuropathy, dominated by axonal degeneration, was observed in recurrent laryngeal and appendicular peripheral nerves. Results of quantitative studies, using single teased fiber and cross-sectional nerve preparations, indicated that changes were more severe in distal parts of peripheral nerves, with preferential loss of medium sized (5.5 to 8 microns) and large-caliber (8.5 to 12 microns) myelinated nerve fibers. Ultrastructural alterations were observed in myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers. The term laryngeal paralysis-polyneuropathy complex is proposed for this apparent dying-back disorder, which is clinically, electrophysiologically, and pathologically different from laryngeal paralysis in young Bouvier des Flandres and Siberian Huskies. Prognosis for Dalmatians with laryngeal paralysis-polyneuropathy complex is guarded to poor. The condition is believed to be inherited.

Animals↗