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At least 649 records · Page 36Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

User requirements for information systems in nuclear medicine.

In the field of COST cooperation (COST = European Cooperation in the Field of Scientific and Technical Research) a project B2 for Quality Assurance in Nuclear Medicine Software has been established. In a memorandum of understanding setting up this project, user requirements were to be defined for the hardware and software used for data acquisition, processing and presentation. A subgroup of the management committee of COST B2 were interested in the Advanced Informatics in Medicine, AIM, task T-734 'Quality Assurance of Medical Software', and the AIM Project 'A 1034', coordinated by Dr K. Britton, was initiated. The initial drafts of this document were written in Helsinki during 1988-1990, and submitted for comment by the members of the management committee of COST B2. These comments were integrated in the text and this document was finalized by the UK group so as to make it available for international discussion. It is anticipated that, after appropriate international discussion, these User Requirements for Information Systems in Nuclear Medicine will be adopted by the management committee of COST B2 as a COST document. Towards these ends, a working group chaired by Dr Britton, including the British and Finnish teams and Ulrich Noelpp from Switzerland, was appointed by the management committee of COST B2 in April 1990. While writing it we have had the pleasure of working with referees from different European hospitals in many countries. We are happy to thank all of them for their valuable contributions.

Europe↗
PubMed1990

Cardiovascular laser application.

With the invention of the laser, many clinical disciplines have taken advantage of this new energy source. Its precision, intensity and energy density is superior to all other known surgical devices. Based on the principle of light amplification from a photon-emitting resonator, the monochromaticity, collimation and coherence provide the high-energy density of the laser beam for medical applications. The state-of-the-art and future potential of laser use in cardiovascular diseases will be reviewed. Most of the work in this field has been accomplished during the past decade with numerous research projects. Although many technical advances have been made, so far the results in cardiovascular medicine are in the areas of vessel anastomosis, ablation of conduction passes for arrhythmia therapy, and angioplasty. In this paper, special attention will be given to the recent success in XeCl excimer laser application for photodecomposition of tissue with a goal of improved recanalization. The high-power density of the XeCl excimer laser provides significant advantages for the disruption of both embolic and calcified plaque. Regardless of the type of tissue ablated, gross, histologic, and ultra-structural analysis confirmed the absence of thermal injury in luminar recanalization as well as in animal studies. Progress in the manufacture of catheters, with multiple very small diameter fibers, led to the decisive breakthrough in clinical laser angioplasty. Peripheral as well as coronary arteries have been successfully recanalized followed by balloon dilatation. The ease of application and the success achieved thus far have resulted in an optimistic assessment for laser medicine.

Angioplasty, Balloon↗
PubMed1997

Chronic Coronary Occlusion Ñ Treatment Options and Results.

Indications for chronic coronary occlusion angioplasty are based on the projected benefit and technical difficulties. With current indications, primary success is around 60% and complications are rare. In successful cases, the main benefits are improvement of symptoms and obviation of the need for bypass surgery. Late improvement of left ventricular function can also occur. Recurrences are frequent, but reocclusions occur only in about 20% of cases. Several techniques have been advocated to improve the success rate. It is obvious that the stiffer the instrument used the higher the crossing rate, but also the risk for perforation. While the laser wire aims at high crossing success, the Magnum wire aims at high safety. In about 800 cases using the Magnum wire, the success rate was 64% before, and 66% after crossover to another technique. Complications were comparable to those of routine coronary angioplasty. Chronic total occlusions are a major reason for selecting bypass surgery over angioplasty. The technical success with angioplasty leaves room for improvement. However, safety should not be compromised and there are limits to the investment in terms of time and material because the clinical yield is relatively small, albeit uncontested.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

[Reduction of dustiness at non-stationary work stations].

Many industrial processes are responsible for chemical and dust pollution. As the quantities of the substances emitted remain unknown in most cases, the data on the effect of technological parameters on the emission rates are not available. Various technical and organisational projects aimed at reducing dust hazards in rooms and at workposts are listed. Methods of assessing emission rates of pollutants from machines to the workplace air, and the efficiency of local exhaust ventilation are discussed. Results of the study in this area for a manual mechanised tool grinder and a tool grinder machine are presented.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
PubMed2001

Patient information: involving the user group.

A review within an acute hospital trust identified problems with in-house information, including a lack of patient involvement, poor quality print and over-use of technical language. A project was set up to improve the quality of the trust's information leaflets.

Educational Status↗
PubMed2005

How to use the picnic results.

Integrity Consulting Partners (ICP) is an independent consulting firm, specialising in healthcare ICT support, with a range of major projects delivered for European public healthcare clients in the areas of systems specification and design, procurement and project management of system implementations. ICP has had a strategic relationship with the General Medical Services (Payments) Board (GMS(P)B) in Ireland over a six year period, and has undertaken many key projects for the Board during that time. Accordingly, when the GMS(P)B became a partner in PICNIC, ICP were contracted to assist in the delivery of the project. In Phase 2 of PICNIC, when the GMS(P)B became the PICNIC Project Co-ordinator, project management and technical support in this role were provided by ICP. David Piggott lead the firm's work on PICNIC and facilitated the development of many key PICNIC deliverables, including the PICNIC Architecture and Exploitation Strategy. This chapter summarises the recommended approach to the implementation of the PICNIC concepts and standards, including a suggested way forward for procuring support on the deployment of the PICNIC products.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

[Studies of on-site night soil and kitchen garbage treatment].

The biological treatment technique of collection at source and disposition on-site of night soil and kitchen garbage were presented. By design project of overall technics, the lab-scale experiments were performed. It was revealed that water consumption of vacuum closestool was about 1 L/time. It consumed 0.4- 0.6L water to shred 1 kg kitchen garbage. Night soil covered 40%, kitchen garbage covered 60% in the influent. Water was controlled at about 93%, the C:N ratio was about 25:1, pH was between 6.2 and 7.3, the optical blend frequency was 6h/d and the overall solid retention time was 28 days in anaerobic digestion reactor. The COD removal rate of mixed supernatant was 91% in anaerobic baffled reactor. It was identified that these phosphorus strains and potassium strains were Bacillus. sp, and biological activated fertilizer was obtained by mixed these strains with digestion sludge which had been dehydrated and deodorized. These strains ability of forming phosphorus and potassium were determined, and the concentration of phosphorus increased 67.5%, potassium increased 33.4%.

Bacteria, Anaerobic↗
PubMed1991

Community participation in vector borne disease control: facts and fancies.

The community involvement in solving their problems was spontaneous when the society as a whole had extensive control over the natural resources. However, this trend was lost during the industrial revolution when the social structure started disintegrating. Simultaneous discovery of antiparasitic drugs and powerful insecticides created a euphoria that all vector borne diseases could be controlled if not eradicated. Though the use of these tools resulted in control or eradication of vector borne diseases in many parts of the developed world, in poor developing countries the initial gains could not be sustained. This is partly due to non acceptance of technology by the beneficiary. Realizing that technology without the people is not going to solve the problem, the idea of community participation was revived. Since then, community participation has become a popular slogan and most programmes claim to have achieved community participation. The projects have not originated from the community and fail to differentiate between the gain achieved due to community effort and that due to the project personnel. The technical and material inputs provided are much higher than the national programmes can afford, carried out in limited areas for short periods and sustainability never demonstrated. Community participation in vector borne disease control has considerable potential specially in source reduction, reduction in man vector contact or accepting antiparasitic or antivector measures. True sustainable participation is possible only when the present trend of top-down planning is reversed to bottom-up planning; decision making power is handed over to the community; the people involved in conceiving, planning, implementation and evaluation of all developmental programmes and if the programmes are responsive to local needs and priorities.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Beyond the library walls: use of slow-scan television.

The Telecommunications Information Network (TIN) was an applied research project that evaluated the ability of slow-scan television to provide medical information on demand to health-care professionals at hospitals far from any urban area. This paper reviews the TIN project, describes its use, and discusses system advantages and disadvantages. System evaluation encompasses (1) project benefits; (2) technical barriers to implementation and utilization; (3) the replication of services and the technology utilized; and (4) cost factors.

Costs and Cost Analysis↗
PubMed2002

Using Internet GIS technology for sharing health and health related data for the West Midlands Region.

Recent government legislation highlights the need for co-operative working by government agencies to improve the overall health of people and to help reduce the existing health inequalities in England. To effectively tackle health inequalities, access to a range of timely and relevant data sets about a region is vital. The Multi-Agency Internet Geographic Information Service (MAIGIS) project is a 3-yr pilot project funded by the Public Health Development Fund to establish an interactive map-based web site for sharing health and health related data for the West Midlands Region (http://maigis.wmpho.org.uk). Data sets within the MAIGIS project follow three broad themes of health, socio-economic and environmental information. Data are made available by different organisations and shared using geography as the linking theme. This paper discusses the use of Internet GIS technology for sharing health and health related data based on the issues that arose during the formative period of the MAIGIS project. Issues such as data confidentiality, amalgamation and copyright are discussed and the technical development of the project is outlined. The links that MAIGIS has formed with other regional and national initiatives for the sharing of health and health related information are also presented. Finally, the future work programme for the MAIGIS project is summarised.

Data Collection↗
PubMed2001

IDEA: a large-scale project on electronic identification of livestock.

The aim of the IDEA (Identification électronique des animaux) project is to collect information on the feasibility of the introduction into the European Union (EU) of an animal electronic identification system, as referred to in Directive 92/102 and Regulation 1760/2000. The project will run for a period of four years (1998-2001) and will include one million animals in six countries (France, Germany, Italy, The Netherlands, Portugal and Spain). The Joint Research Centre, as technical co-ordinator of the project, provides technical support in terms of testing and certification of electronic identification devices, establishment of the central database, transmission and recording of data and evaluation of results. Identification has been undertaken in cattle, sheep, goats and buffalo using three types of electronic tags (ruminal bolus, ear tag and injectable transponder). The performance of these tags is checked at defined intervals until recovery in the slaughterhouse. The evaluation of the results in terms of the performance of the device and the necessary organisational support structures will lead to recommendations for a system to trace animals from birth to slaughterhouse, including the appropriate technology to be applied in any generalised system for the livestock sector in the EU.

Animal Identification Systems↗
PubMed1997

Evaluation of technical quality of endodontic treatment--reliability of intraoral radiographs.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate: 1) the use of the conventional buccolingual radiographic projection for estimating the technical quality of endodontic treatment and 2) the effect of the surrounding tissues on these evaluations. The material consisted of three radiographs of each of 108 extracted roots: a clinical radiograph, an in vitro radiograph taken in the buccolingual projection, and an in vitro radiograph taken in the mesiodistal projection. The radiographs were analysed by two observers and consensus was reached and used in the analyses. The agreement between the two observers was good, but statistically significant differences were found between recordings of the seal in the clinical radiographs and the in vitro radiographs taken in the buccolingual projection. The length of the root filling in each of the three projections was interpreted to be the same, while both inadequate seal and visible lumen apical to the root filling were recorded less frequently in the clinical radiographs than in either of the two in vitro projections. This difference was most pronounced in molar teeth. It was concluded that the lengths of root fillings could be measured correctly in clinical radiographs. Due to the anatomy of root canals in incisors and canines, there was a risk of misinterpreting an inadequate seal as adequate in these teeth. The large amount of tissue surrounding molar teeth tended to cause an underregistration of both inadequate seal and lumen apical to the root fillings in these regions.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed2005

Science, technology and ethics: from critical perspective to dialectical perspective.

It has been agreed upon, according to critical perspective, to distinguish the problems raised by scientific issues on the one hand and the problems raised by moral issues on the other. This distinction, at the genesis of theoretical ideology, postulates that experimental science is mere knowledge which, since it has nothing to do with action, cannot raise a moral problem. Yet the use of experimental techniques turns out to be a necessary means, although an insufficient one, to put to the test and to confirm the theoretical hypothesis of science. Thus, those techniques produce perceptible effects which can be assimilated to genuine transformation and are consequently capable of raising moral problems. It follows that the technical imperative of science can be conditioned by a moral imperative of technique, which leads to modification of the object of the research and dubs it, a dialectical object. It is, however, advisable to effect a demarcation between that which, within the frame work of research in experimental science, can pose a moral problem and which cannot. The criterion of refusability of practical projects, by analogy with Popper's criterion of refutability of theoretical conjectures, allows for this demarcation to be implemented. It postulates that only the technical projects of science, apart from scientific theories, can pose a moral problem or can be recognized as moral, providing that the conditions of a possible ethical refusal can be expressed. From the analysis and the synthesis of heterogeneous possibilities, dialectical perspective thus outlined represents an endeavour to go beyond critical perspective, while trying to seek an intermediary channel between the "progressist dogmatism" of science and the obscurantist scepticism" of morals.

Ethics↗
PubMed1999

Evaluation of a model of collaboration: academic and clinician partnership in the development and implementation of undergraduate teaching.

The difficulty nursing students experience in making the transition from the university to clinical context is attributed to the gap between theory and practice, and education and service. Collaboration between academics and clinicians in the provision of undergraduate education is considered to be a strategy for overcoming these problems. A project team consisting of four academics and six clinicians collaboratively developed and implemented an acute care topic, in the third year of a pre-registration nursing course at the School of Nursing, Flinders University. A review of the literature did not provide examples of collaborative models relevant to undergraduate teaching. The subsequent model, devised by the project team, focused on technical, cultural and interpersonal aspects of collaborative teaching. The model was evaluated by illuminative research methods. Participants in the project included academics (n = 4), clinicians (n = 6) and students (n = 104). Student questionnaires and academic and clinician interviews were used to inform evaluation procedures. The qualitative data was coded and analysed based upon the definitions and characteristics of collaboration described by Henneman et al (1995). Study findings demonstrated that the model was effective in facilitating collaborative relationships necessary for the successful development and implementation of reality-based learning for students.

Cooperative Behavior↗
PubMed2002

Managing telemedicine: from noble ideas to action.

The aim of the present study was to elucidate how telemedicine can be used in an integrated and comprehensive manner. Two Swedish telemedicine projects were studied. The technical platform was an ISDN videoconferencing system which could be connected to various items of medical equipment. The first project, general telemedicine, concerned communication between two primary care centres, one county hospital and one university hospital. The specialties involved were dermatology, orthopaedics and otolaryngology. The second project, telepathology, included pathology and cytology at the university hospital, and surgery and gynaecology at a county hospital. The first round of interviews was conducted to reveal the expectations of the physicians regarding the potential benefits and applications of the technology and potential organizational obstacles. Subsequent interview rounds were carried out to reveal what had happened since the previous interview. In total 62 interviews were carried out with 32 respondents. The main conclusions were that the technology's generic features, namely the transmission of pictures and sound, had been translated into appropriate fields of application, which had been diffused and routinized in organizational activities. In order to facilitate this process, there were two crucial issues for managers. First, due to the 'openness' of the technology, actors who had the will to test the limits of the technology had to be identified and engaged. Second, while the use of the new technologies implied that new patterns of action were established, it was necessary to discover and develop routines that could be used as a facilitator for the further use of telemedicine.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗