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The acidic constituents in petroleum ether extract of the roots Rehmannia glutinosa f. hueichingensis were fractionated and analyzed by GC-MS. 19 Kinds of acidic constituents were identified and 11 of them (the main components) were compared between Rehmanniae Radix and its processed products.
Two different wound dressings were tested on human drainage wounds. Improved healing was observed under an occlusive, oxygen-impermeable hydrocolloid dressing compared with petroleum gauze. Infection tendency was not increased under the occlusive dressing.
Guinea pigs received skin application of petroleum-derived mineral oil distillate, containing about 10% of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with the 4 hours exposure time everyday during 20 days. 100% distillate preparation and it's 50%, 3% or 0.5% solutions in furfurol and ethanol are used. It resulted in the distillate-dose-dependent cytochrome P-450 induction (1.38-2.23-fold) in liver of the all exposed groups of guinea pigs and in 20-60% decrease in microsomal and cytosol glutathione transferase activities in groups which received 50% and 3% mineral oil distillate solutions. Ratio values of cytochrome P-450 content level to glutathiontransferase activity level depended linearly on the distillate doses, and it increased 2.7-4.4-fold with the distillate concentration increasing in the preparation from 0.5% to 50%. Conclusion was made that with increasing distillate doses the process of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon activation with the genotoxic metabolite formation predominated over the process of those metabolite detoxication.
Freeze-dried beef samples were partially defatted with either petroleum ether, acetone, or ethyl ether before determination of protein efficiency ratio (PER) to study the extraction effects on the composition and protein nutritional quality of the extracted beef. Defatting a protein source, such as meat or a meat product, may often be necessary to produce a test diet that contains 10% protein and 8% fat. Amino acid, carnosine, anserine, creatine, creatinine, inosine, and proximate compositions were determined on the extracted samples. Resulting data were compared to the composition and PER data of the beef that had no solvent treatment. Although the chemical analysis data from the study showed some variation between the proteins and other nitrogenous components of the unextracted and the extracted beef, these variations were too small to affect the protein nutritional quality of the beef as measured by PER.
Six constituents have been isolated from the petroleum ether and ethyl acetate extract fractions of Dracaena cochinensis. Their structures have been identified as 1,2,4,5-tetrachloro-3,6- dimethoxy-benzene,docosyl alcohol, octadecyl acetate, eicosyl acetate, resveratrol and 4',7-dihydroxy-flavone on the basis of physical, chemical and spectral deta. Of these compounds 1,2,4,5-tetrachloro-3,6-dimethoxy-benzene is a new one.
In a model experiment, seed extracts were applied to different bacterial test organisms. Different fractions of seed extracts in petroleum ether (60-80 degrees C) of Lagerstroemia speciosa (Linn. ex. Murray) Pers. when applied to both Gram positive and Gram negative test bacteria, some fractions showed high antagonistic activity.
The contractions of isolated rabbit trachea smooth muscles by acetylcholine and potassium chloride were attenuated by petroleum ether extract of Peucedanum praeruptorum pretreatment. The dose-effect curve of acetylcholine was shifted to the right, and the maximal response was diminished. The effect was non-competitive and dose-dependent.
Molecular cytogenetic methods were applied to investigate the effect of the occupational exposure to low concentrations of benzene and petroleum fuels on genomic stability. Twelve male gasoline station attendants (average benzene exposure of 0.32 mg/m3 as 8h TWA) and 12 age- and smoking-matched unexposed controls were selected for the study. The incidence of hyperploidy and polyploidy in peripheral lymphocytes was evaluated through in situ hybridization of interphase cells, harvested 24 hr after stimulation, with centromeric probes of chromosomes 7, 11, 18, and X. For half of the subjects, metaphases harvested 24 hr later were analyzed. The incidence of chromosome loss in vitro was determined in cytokinesis-blocked cells, harvested at 66 hr, through the hybridization of micronuclei with a pancentromeric probe. Ten thousand chromosomes (more than 200 metaphases equivalent) and 2,000 binucleated cells/person were scored for hyperploidy and micronucleus analysis, respectively. The results obtained did not show any exposure-related excess of hyperploidy or micronucleus formation. Conversely, the age of the subjects was significantly correlated with several markers of genomic instability, such as the incidence of chromosome X and chromosome 18 hyperploidy, total hyperploidy and polyploidy, and close to statistical significance with chromosome loss. Smoking habits did not appear to contribute significantly to the effects measured. The parallel analysis of hyperploidy and polyploidy in interphase nuclei in 24-hr cultures and in metaphase cells harvested 24 hr later showed basically similar incidences of aneuploid cells, indicating that no significant selection against hyperploid and polyploid types occurred during the first cell cycle in vitro.
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