Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Ovulation Detection”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 649 records · Page 36Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Metabolism of reproductive steroids during the ovarian cycle in two species of callitrichids, Saguinus oedipus and Callithrix jacchus, and estimation of the ovulatory period from fecal steroids.

Gonadal steroids were measured in daily fecal samples providing comparative data on steroid metabolism in two genera of New World primates. Circulating bioactive LH and progesterone concentrations and fecal progesterone, pregnanediol, estradiol, and estrone concentrations were measured by collecting blood and daily fecal samples from four captive common marmoset females and four cotton-top tamarin females for 30 days. High recoveries (> 80%) of labeled steroids that were added directly to the feces before extraction were recovered from feces of both species. Because of the presence of complex steroid conjugates, only one fifth the amount of estradiol was measured without solvolysis as compared to the amount measured with solvolysis. In tamarins, steroids were metabolized rapidly, with all postovulatory increases occurring within two days after the circulating LH peak (an increase of 2 SD higher than mean follicular levels). In marmosets, steroid excretion was slower; increased steroid levels occurred 2-4 days after the LH peak except in the case of estrone, which did not consistently increase after the LH peak. Circulating estrone and estradiol both contributed to the high excretion of estradiol in the feces from both species. The timing in the delay in excretion of fecal steroids was used to accurately determine the ovulatory period to within a 2-day window. This degree of accuracy is possible when the duration of the delay to the LH peak is known for a given species. Additionally, steroid concentrations were highly correlated between frozen and lyophilized fecal samples (0.81 +/- 0.07 SEM), indicating that fluid removal from the feces did not effectively alter steroid profiles.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Application of a method for estimating day of ovulation using urinary estrogen and progesterone metabolites.

Longitudinal epidemiologic studies of menstrual and reproductive function are more informative if one can identify day of ovulation. We previously developed a method for estimating day of ovulation that is feasible for epidemiologic studies. The method relies on the relative concentrations of estrogen and progesterone metabolites in daily first-morning urine specimens and does not require creatinine adjustment. This paper describes results of applying this method to a large study with 724 menstrual cycles from 217 women. The method estimated a credible day of ovulation in 88% of cycles. Missing data accounted for most of the failures. When we excluded anovulatory cycles (1%) and cycles with missing data, the method estimated a day of ovulation in 97% of cycles. Variance in luteal phase length was small for our sample, suggesting that this method of identifying a day of ovulation introduces no more measurement error than when day of ovulation is determined by plasma luteinizing hormone (LH), the standard clinical method.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

New tests for the prediction of ovulation.

With improvements in basic science understanding and technology, it is predictable that within the next decade, more reliable and accurate methods of ovulation prediction will be available. The former may result from the exploration of gonadal peptides and their measurement whereas the latter may result from the ever-increasing resolution of ultrasonographic imaging. The current state of the art in predicting ovulation involves the combination of several of the described techniques (cervical mucus, urinary LH, ultrasonography). Used skillfully together they serve the infertility specialist well.

Body Temperature↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Basal body temperature assessment: is it useful to couples seeking pregnancy?

Advanced practice nurses in primary care settings are often asked to give appropriate advice to couples seeking pregnancy. This article examines the issue of basal body temperature (BBT), a time-honored way to establish the presence of ovulatory cycles, and asks if BBT is an outdated recommendation. The article also reviews the benefits and limitations of recommending BBT to couples seeking pregnancy in light of recent fecundity research.

Body Temperature↗
PubMed1980

Natural family planning. II. Basal body temperature and estimated time of ovulation.

Four points on the basal body temperatures (BBT) curve have been correlated with the estimated time of ovulation (ETO), as determined by indirect hormonal parameters, in 74 menstrual cycles from 24 subjects. Only 10 of 66 hormonally normal cycles exhibited a BBT dip (D), and the ETO ranged from D - 2 through D + 3. In 63 of 66 hormonally normal cycles, a BBT nadir (N), first day of BBT rise (F), and BBT coverline endpoint (C) were identified. In these 63 cycles, the ETO ranged from N - 5 through N + 4, F - 6 through F + 3, and C - 5 through C + 4. Biphasic curves were observed in 72 of the cycles (97.3%) and monophasic curves in 2 cycles (2.7%). In at least 5 of 74 cycles (6.8%) the BBT curve gave incorrect information on the ovulatory status of the cycle.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Cervical mucus immunoglobulins as an indicator of ovulation.

A practical and accurate method of determining ovulation using cervical mucus is described. Ovulatory cycles from 32 healthy women were assessed using hormonal and nonhormonal methods. Cervical mucus extractable immunoglobulins were assayed for the complete cycles of nine women and randomly collected from 23 additional women with normal cycles. All normal ovulatory women showed a minimum concentration present at midcycle when optimum conditions for fertilization existed. Using newer laser nephelometry techniques, the content of extractable immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin A per sample weight confirmed the cyclic nature of the concentration of immunoglobulin in cervical mucus, and correlated well with previously defined biophysical properties of cervical mucus. Nephelometry proved to be rapid, accurate, and an inexpensive technique for determining ovulation and has potential for clinical use.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Developmental and environmental regulation of the Nicotiana plumbaginifolia cytosolic Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase promoter in transgenic tobacco.

Superoxide dismutases (SODs) play a key role in the cellular defense against reactive oxygen species. To study the transcriptional regulation at the cellular level, the promoter of the Nicotiana plumbaginifolia cytosolic gene encoding Cu/ZnSOD (SODCc) was fused to the beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene (gusA) and analyzed in transgenic tobacco plants. The promoter was highly active in vascular bundles of leaves and stems, where it is confined to phloem cells. In flowers, GUS activity was detected in ovules and pollen grains, in pigmented tissues of petals, and in vascular tissue of ovaries and anthers. In response to treatment with the superoxide-generating herbicide paraquat, very strong GUS staining was observed in photosynthetically active cells of leaves and in some epidermal root cells of seedlings. The expression of the SODCc-gusA was also induced in seedlings after heat shock and chilling and after treatment with sulfhydryl antioxidants such as reduced glutathione and cysteine. It is postulated that SODCc expression is directly linked to a cell-specific production of excess superoxide radicals in the cytosol.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed2002

Breastfeeding patterns and return to fertility in Australian women.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to understand the relationship between infant feeding patterns and the return of fertility during lactation. DESIGN: Mother-infant pairs were followed up prospectively from the first week postpartum until the return of two normal menstrual bleeds (as judged by the woman) or pregnancy SETTING: This study was conducted in the Sydney and Melbourne areas of Australia, and was part of a seven-country research project. SAMPLE: Six hundred and twenty-four Australian mother-infant pairs participated in the study METHODS: Follow-up interviews occurred in the mothers' homes every two weeks. Mothers completed a daily diary record chart of vaginal bleeding and infant feeding, and completed a detailed diary card of the time and duration of breastfeeds and the frequency and nature of all other feedings once every two weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The main outcomes of the study were measured as the median duration of lactational amenorrhoea and lifetable pregnancy rate during lactational amenorrhoea. RESULTS: The median duration of amenorrhoea in the Australian breastfeeding women who participated in the study was over 8.5 months. Breastfeeding was shown to be an effective method of fertility control in that no non-contracepting, sexually active, amenorrhoeic, breastfeeding woman became pregnant in the first six months after delivery. Regular supplements commenced on average at five months and the Australian women rarely introduced noncaloric (water), caloric (juices), or milk-based supplements before this time. CONCLUSIONS: This confirmed the Bellagio Consensus and the effectiveness of the Lactational Amenorrhoea Method.

Amenorrhea↗
PubMed1982

Fertility after childbirth: infant feeding patterns, basal PRL levels and post-partum ovulation.

The infant feeding patterns at the time of first ovulation after childbirth were determined in a longitudinal study of twenty-seven mothers who chose to breast feed their babies. Fourteen mothers suppressed ovulation throughout lactation and thirteen ovulated while still breast feeding. Those who ovulated while breast feeding had all introduced two or more supplementary feeds/day, reduced suckling frequency to less than six times/day and reduced suckling duration to less than 60 min/day at the time of first ovulation. Basal PRL levels had fallen to below 600 microunits/l in all but one of the mothers at first ovulation. Those mothers who suppressed ovulation for more than 40 weeks post-partum (late ovulation group) were compared with those who ovulated between 30 and 40 weeks post-partum (middle group) and with those who ovulated before 30 weeks post-partum (early group). The late ovulation group breast-fed for longest, suckled most intensively, maintained night feeds for longest and introduced supplementary feeds most gradually. This study suggests suckling may be the most important factor inhibiting the return of ovulation during lactation and that policies which encourage increased suckling frequency and duration will maximize the contraceptive effects of breast feeding.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Fertility after childbirth: adequacy of post-partum luteal phases.

Normal ranges of urinary pregnanediol and total urinary oestrogen were determined from weekly estimations in twenty-seven cycles from seven normally menstruating control women and compared with the levels in the cycles of twenty-seven breast feeding and ten bottle feeding mothers. During lactation, the luteal phase pregnanediol levels were within normal limits in thirteen of forty-nine (27%) cycles, the remainder of the luteal phases being deficient (31%) or absent (42%). The proportion of normal luteal phases remained low during first cycles after lactation in six of twenty-three (26%) but rose to twenty-four of thirty-one (77%) in subsequent cycles. In bottle feeding mothers, the luteal phases of first post-partum cycles were deficient in two of ten (20%) and absent in eight of ten (80%). In second post-partum cycles, the majority of luteal phases were deficient (eight of ten, 80%) and it was not until third post-partum cycles that seven of eight (88%) had luteal phase pregnanediol levels in the normal range. Cycles during lactation and first cycles after lactation had significantly lower mean urinary pregnanediol and total urinary oestrogen levels than both the control cycles and the later cycles after lactation. Similarly, first post-partum cycles in bottle feeders had lower urinary pregnanediol and total urinary oestrogen levels than controls. This study shows an increased frequency of abnormal luteal phases during the early post-partum menstrual cycles of both breast and bottle feeding mothers which may be associated with defective development of the follicle.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Prediction of ovulation in women using a rapid progesterone radioimmunoassay.

A rapid (3-h) radioimmunoassay of plasma progesterone has been developed and used successfully to predict the time of ovulation in women undergoing artificial insemination. The results obtained using progesterone levels to date the stage of the cycle were analysed retrospectively by (1) estimation of the length of the ensuing luteal phases and comparison of these with luteal phase lengths of a control group (2) comparison of the dating using progesterone levels with retrospective determination of LH values and (3) analysis of the dating in cycles in which conception occurred.

Female↗
PubMed1981

Artificial insemination by frozen donor semen: results of multicentre Australian experience.

A total of 5461 insemination cycles with frozen donor semen has been analysed for 8 of the larger AID services in Australia. Cumulative pregnancy rate, calculated by life-table analysis, showed that 50% of all patients are pregnant after 6 cycles of insemination and 64% of all patients are pregnant after 12 cycles of insemination. Pregnancy rate was significantly higher in the first 3 cycles, declined in the next 3 cycles and was further reduced in the last 6 cycles of insemination. An average of 10% of all insemination cycle were anovular, but the proportion of anovular cycles was significantly lower in the first 2 cycles of insemination. There was no significant difference in cumulative pregnancy rates over the first 6 cycles of insemination in clinics using cervical mucus scoring or LH assay for detection of ovulation. An average of 12% of all pregnancies obtained by AID resulted in miscarriage.

Australia↗
PubMed2006

Bayesian selection of predictors of conception probabilities across the menstrual cycle.

There is increasing interest in identifying predictors of human fertility, including environmental exposures, behavioural factors, and biomarkers, such as mucus or reproductive hormones. Epidemiological studies typically measure fecundability, the per menstrual cycle probability of conception, using time to pregnancy data. A critical predictor, which is often ignored in the design or analysis, is the timing of non-contracepting intercourse in the menstrual cycle. In order to limit confounding by behavioural differences between exposure groups, it may be preferable to base inferences on day-specific conception probabilities in relation to intercourse timing. This article proposes Bayesian methods for selection of predictors of day-specific conception probabilities. A particular focus is the case in which data on ovulation timing are not available. We focus on the selection of fertile days in the cycle during which conception probabilities are non-negligible and predictors may play a role. Data from recent European and Italian prospective studies of daily fecundability are presented, and the proposed approach is used to estimate cervical mucus effects within a mid-cycle potentially fertile window using data from the Italian study.

Bayes Theorem↗
PubMed1990

Fertility of mares after postovulatory insemination.

In a first experiment, 11 Finnhorse mares were examined every six hours during late oestrus by rectal palpation and ultrasonography to determine the time of ovulation. The mares were inseminated over one to three subsequent cycles, 6-12 (n = 5), 12-18 (n = 5), 18-24 (n = 5) and 24-30 (n = 5) hours after ovulation. Pregnancies were terminated by prostaglandin injection 21 days after insemination. All mares inseminated within 18 hours of ovulation conceived but no mare inseminated 24 hours or more after ovulation conceived. In a second experiment, 14 mares were examined every day at about the same time and inseminated after ovulation had been detected, within 0-27 hours of ovulation. Pregnancies were terminated by prostaglandin injection 25 days after insemination and the animals inseminated again. Forty-six per cent of the mares (13 out of 28) were pregnant 16 days after insemination but there was early embryonic death in five mares, i.e. only 29% of the mares became and remained pregnant. The equine ovum seems to be capable of being fertilized for at least 18 hours after ovulation. However, the high incidence of early embryonic death in the second experiment suggests that the viability of the embryo may have decreased.

Animals↗