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At least 649 records · Page 36Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

[Study on postoperative diastasis of epiglottic closure procedure (Biller method)].

Among surgical treatment for severe aspiration pneumonia, the epiglottic closure procedure, which makes phonation possible, is very useful, but sewing the epiglottis has resulted in postoperative diastasis, and improvement of restitution by epiglottic cartilage elasticity is a problem, so we made reference of configuration and power of restitution of epiglottis clear. We classified epiglottis configurations into flat, intermediate, and omega types and studied epiglottis histology using pathological autopsy. We measured the power of restitution of epiglottis, by a type classification and by the site classification (upper, middle, and lower point) using the extracted larynx. We studied 349 cases: flat, 167 (48%), intermediate, 126 (36%), and omega, 56 (16%). In histological examination, we recognized ossification of the epiglottic cartilage with aging. For the power of restitution, we recognized a significant difference in all except intermediate and omega of upper point with reference by configuration to each point. We found that the epiglottis had different configuration. In addition, power of restitution of epiglottis was greatly involving the configuration classified in visual, and in particular, power of restitution was big in flat type. Accordingly we thought that indication of diastasis prevention procedure should have been selected by epiglottis configuration.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Normal morphology of sacroiliac joints in children: magnetic resonance studies related to age and sex.

OBJECTIVE: To determine in a prospective study the normal MRI morphology of the sacroiliac joints (SIJs) in relation to age and sex during adolescence. DESIGN AND PATIENTS: A total of 98 children (63 boys, mean age 12.7 +/- 2.8 years; 35 girls, mean age 13.7 +/- 2.3 years), ranging in age from 8 to 17 years, with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA) but without signs of sacroiliitis fulfilled the study prerequisites (no back pain and no pathologic changes of the SIJs on physical examination before MRI in a 1.5-year follow-up). An additional eight HLA-B27-negative boys and eight HLA-B27-negative girls without arthritis served as controls. The MRI protocol comprised a T1-weighted SE sequence, an opposed-phase T2*-weighted GE sequence, and a dynamic contrast-enhanced study in single-section technique. RESULTS: Noncontrast MRI permitted differentiation of "open" from ossified segmental and lateral apophyses of the sacral wings, with a significant difference in age (P < 0.05) between children with open and ossified apophyses. Ossification of the apophyses of the sacral wings was seen significantly earlier (P < 0.05) in girls than in boys. Girls also had a significantly higher incidence of transitional lumbosacral vertebrae, pelvic asymmetries, and accessory joints. In the contrast-enhanced opposed-phase MRI study, normal cartilage of the SIJs showed no contrast enhancement whereas the joint capsule showed a moderate enhancement. CONCLUSION: There are significant age- and sex-related differences in the normal MRI morphology of juvenile SIJs. Our findings might serve as a standard of comparison for the evaluation of pathologic changes--in particular for the early identification of juvenile sacroiliitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Isolated acromioclavicular joint pathology in the symptomatic shoulder on magnetic resonance imaging: a pictorial essay.

The acromioclavicular (AC) joint is a synovial joint that is predisposed to painful syndromes because of mechanical stress or developmental variation. It is often overlooked in the evaluation of patients with shoulder pain, however. Isolated AC joint pathology was studied on magnetic resonance imaging scans of patients with symptoms suggesting rotator cuff pathology. The conditions identified included osteoarthritis, distal clavicle osteolysis, and os acromiale syndrome.

Acromioclavicular Joint↗
PubMed2005

[Osseous metaplasia in rectal cancer in a 69-year-old man].

The first case of osseous metaplasia in rectal cancer is described. The authors present the diagnostic evaluation based on the transrectal ultrasound examination, determination of neoplastic markers, pathological examination, treatment, and follow-up in a 69-year-old man.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

The role of the condylar cartilage in mandibular growth. A study in thanatophoric dysplasia.

A new approach to evaluate the role of the condyle in mandibular growth could be its study in chondrodysplasias. The growth of the condylar cartilage and the mandible has not previously been reported in thanatophoric dysplasia (TD), a lethal osteochondrodysplasia. We have studied the light microscopic, histomorphometric, and radiologic findings in four infants affected by TD and in four control infants. The diagnosis was made on the basis of clinical, radiographic, and pathologic criteria. All the measured radiographic parameters of the patients' mandibles showed a normal longitudinal growth in TD, despite the severe disturbance of the condylar cartilages. The lesions in the chondroblastic cells and the extracellular matrix were similar to those observed in growth plate cartilages in TD. Marked membranous ossification spread from the cartilage canals of the condyles. The articular and prechondroblastic layers were histologically normal. Histomorphometry demonstrated that condylar cartilages were twice as thick as normal in TD, mainly because of the thickening by the chondroblastic layer. Present results support the hypothesis that condylar cartilage is a secondary growth site instead of being a primary growth center.

Cartilage↗
PubMed1996

[Aneurysmal bone cyst: imaging diagnosis and evaluation of therapeutic methods].

OBJECTIVE: To determine the imaging features and useful therapeutic methods of aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC). METHODS: The radiographs, CT, and MR scans of 82 cases of pathologically proved ABC were retrospectively analyzed. Post-therapeutic follow-up of 45 cases was carried out for 3 months to 24 years. RESULTS: Plain radiographs showed eccentric expansile osteolysis in most cases. Fluid-fluid level was seen in 21/27 cases on CT scans, and calcification or ossification in 11/27 cases. MR images showed a hypointense rim in 7/7 cases, multilocular hyperintense cysts with hypointense septae on T2WI in 6/7 cases, and fluid-fluid levels in 5/7 cases. CONCLUSION: CT and MR scans are superior to plain radiographs in the diagnosis of ABC in the osteolytic phase and in the axial skeleton. Curettage combined with bone graft surgery is the most effective therapeutic method for ABC of the extremities. Arterial embolization with or without surgery is valuble for the treatment of ABC arising from the axial skeleton.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[Sonographic changes after total hip joint replacement].

UNLABELLED: The value of ultrasonographic imaging after total hip arthroplasty (THA) has not been described in the literature so far. AIM: The typical postoperative sonographical findings are to be presented thus creating a basis for detecting pathological alterations. METHOD: 73 consecutive patients after THA were sonographically and clinically examined at the beginning and the end of the clinical rehabilitation phase. Laboratory tests detecting signs of inflammation and coagulation disorders were also performed. RESULTS: In the early postoperative phase collection of liquid and its delayed resorption are the most important findings. The haematoma of the joint is usually organised within three weeks after the operation. It could be visualised in all patients as a region of homogeneous, slightly echogenic appearance--not clearly distinguishable from the surrounding tissue and not compressible. Areas of low echogenicity were rarely seen. The forming of a neo-capsule could be detected from the ninth postoperative week onwards. Peri-articular ossification was not seen in this study. A loosening of prosthetic material did not occur. In the area of surgical approach irregularly shaped slightly echogenic and hardly compressible zones representing large haematomas could be found. The volume of these lesions could not be measured exactly due to their highly irregular shape. We did not observe large areas of seroma or liquid haematoma interfering with the rehabilitation process. CONCLUSION: Experienced examiners are capable of demonstrating the sonographic features representing signs of the healing process. Thus pathological developments can be detected and adequate therapeutic measures be taken. Future studies will have to show to which degree ultrasonography can become relevant in the diagnosis of endoprosthetic loosening.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Bone within a bone.

The "bone within a bone" appearance is a well-recognized radiological term with a variety of causes. It is important to recognize this appearance and also to be aware of the differential diagnosis. A number of common conditions infrequently cause this appearance. Other causes are rare and some remain primarily of historical interest, as they are no longer encountered in clinical practice. In this review we illustrate some of the conditions that can give the bone within a bone appearance and discuss the physiological and pathological aetiology of each where known.

Anemia, Sickle Cell↗
PubMed1987

Vascular events associated with the appearance of the secondary center of ossification in the murine distal femoral epiphysis.

Although the formation of a secondary center of ossification is often compared with that of the primary center, there are striking differences between these processes. In the formation of the primary center, vascular invasion is always associated with the maturation of chondrocytes, whereas vascularization of the epiphysis can proceed in two different ways. In some species, the epiphysis is vascularized by cartilage canals before the appearance of the secondary center. However, in the mouse, the distal femoral epiphysis is vascularized by peripheral vascular invasion without pre-existing cartilage canals. Histological study of serial sections and studies of vascularization by injection with India ink demonstrated the relationship between hypertrophic chondrocyte formation, vascular invasion, and the formation of the secondary center of ossification in the murine distal femoral epiphysis.

Aging↗
PubMed1996

Paraplegia following post-traumatic thoracic spinal stenosis: a case report.

Compromise of the spinal canal and its neural elements is a well-recognized pathological entity affecting the lumbar or cervical spine. Thoracic stenosis in the absence of a generalized rheumatological, orthopedic, or metabolic disorder is rare. The authors report a case of progressive thoracic myelopathy leading to paraplegia following severe thoracic spinal stenosis secondary to post-traumatic hypertrophy of thoracic laminae and ossification of the ligamentum flavum and posterior longitudinal ligament.

Accidental Falls↗
PubMed1981

The demonstration of cartilaginous involvement in laryngeal carcinoma by computerized tomography.

Thirty-six patients with laryngeal carcinoma were investigated by computerized tomography (CT). In 8 patients invasion of cartilage was shown at subsequent pathological examination of the excised larynges. In all there were 14 areas of cartilage involvement, 11 of which could be diagnosed on retrospective examination of the CT scans. Involvement of tumour was shown either as areas of decreased density (chondrolysis) or areas of local increased density (chondrosclerosis) due to cartilage ossification. False positive and false negative evidence of cartilage involvement was recorded in the series, but the accuracy of diagnosis in positive terms was approximately 79%. Histological evidence is put forward that the presence of carcinoma in relation to the cartilage produces perichondritis, which enhances ossification and the latter process may then in itself facilitate invasion by the tumour. Previous radiotherapy may also be a factor in the causation of the perichondritis and ossification.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1990

[Indications for interlocking nailing].

For closed diaphyseal fractures of femur and tibia in adults, medullary nailing with interlocking nails has become the treatment of choice. Their use has been extended to certain intraarticular fractures in combination with shaft fractures, compound fractures with low-grade wound contamination, malunion, non-union and pathologic fractures. Locked nailing should be performed as a closed procedure, and callus bone healing should be expected. Fracture hematoma, drill debris and preservation of periosteal circulation are of particular relevance in achieving this. Dynamization by removal of the locking screw(s) opposite the fracture site accelerates the transformation and ossification of early fixation callus.

Bone Nails↗
PubMed1989

[Osteogenic sarcoma (report of 18 cases)].

Eighteen cases of osteogenic sarcoma of the long bones in the extremities were analyzed in this paper. The pathological basis of the X-ray signs was explained. It was suggested that solitary calcific shadow appearing near the knee joint in young individuals should alert the radiologist to the possibility of osteogenic sarcoma. The X-ray findings of osteogenic sarcoma were characterized by dissociation of osteolysis from ossification. Simultaneous bony destruction both inside and outside the cortex was one of the patterns of erosive bone destruction in osteogenic sarcoma. The distinction between benign and malignant bony spicules, the differences in the relationship between soft tissue mass and subcutaneous fat layer and that between osteomyelitis and the subcutaneous fat layer were discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Synovial osteochondromatosis: several valuable clinical observations in 12 cases].

In the treatment of twelve cases of synovial osteochondromatosis, the loose bodies were studied clinically, pathologically and roentgenologically. Several notable clinical features were observed: (1) the mass of a big loose body is splintery and liable to break up into small pieces. (2) Microscopically, the loose bodies are usually built by piling of multiple small cartilaginous nodules, surrounded by fibrous tissues. (3) Radiologically, calcification and ossification in the loose bodies or intrasynovial nodules neither is related with the diameter, nor is always in the central position. These findings are of value to the diagnosis of the mentioned disease, especially phase 3, rather than relying on the criterion of the number of loose bodies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Cartilage formation in growth plate and arteries: from physiology to pathology.

Vascular calcifications are the consequence of several pathological conditions such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia and chronic renal insufficiency. They are associated with risks of amputation, ischemic heart disease, stroke and increased mortality. A growing body of evidence indicates that vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) undergo chondrogenic commitment eventually leading to vascular calcification, by mechanisms similar to those governing ossification in the cartilage growth plate. Our knowledge of the formation of cartilage growth plate can therefore help us to understand why and how arteries calcify and, consequently, develop new therapeutic strategies. Reciprocally, thorough consideration of the events leading to ectopic chondrocyte differentiation appears crucial to further increase our understanding of growth plate formation. In this context, we will review the effects of known or suspected factors that promote chondrogenic differentiation in growth plate and arteries.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Bony bridges of the lumbar transverse processes].

A traumatic osseous bridge between lumbar transverse processes is a bone formation occurring after severe or even mild trauma of the back. However, only few of the patients with a contusion of the back or a fracture of a lumbar transverse process develop such an osseous bridge. The localisation of the haematoma plays an important role in this process, but myositis ossificans is a mandatory condition. Anamnesis will not lead to traumatic aetiology in all cases, because sometimes the patient is not aware of the fact that a transverse process has been fractured. The diagnosis finally depends on the recognition of the different shapes. The traumatic osseous bridge is characterised by the kind of trauma that causes the fracture of the transverse process. The shapes can be classified as "h", "H", "K", or "Z". Among 72 patients with inter-transverse osseous bridges, only 11 patients have congenital bridges. The congenital osseous bridge shows typical features that can be explained by means of embryogenic and functional dynamic considerations. These symptoms are the O-shape, concavity of the lumbar spine of a pathological nature and the absence of degenerative changes in the corresponding intervertebral space.

Adult↗