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PubMed2005

[Occupational hazads in metal mining industry].

Miners of basic professions employed in contemporary metal mining industry are exposed to a range of industrial factors, such as vibration, noise, dustiness, and unfavorable microclimate. Long-term exposure to these factors is hazardous to their health, which is manifested by elevated general and occupational morbidity and a higher rate of biological aging. This is most typical of Far North miners, who are exposed to the combination of the industrial factors and extremal climate and geographic conditions. Research into the health status of miners engaged to underground works and open excavations in regions with contrasting climate and geographic conditions, allowed determination of main industrial risk factors (vibration and noise), leading occupational diseases and groups of high risk of their development (according to the occupation and the length of service). The study found high risk of cardivascular diseases as well as pathology of the musculoskeletal system, which was highest in miners in Norilsk region.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Licensure and entry into nursing practice. A survey of occupational health nurses' opinions.

Since 1965, the controversial question of what level of educational preparation is appropriate and necessary for entry into nursing practice has been discussed. No consensus has been reached by the members of the nursing profession as a whole. The opinions of occupational health nurses toward the requirement for initial registered nurse licensure and entry into occupational health nursing practice was assessed. The study revealed occupational health nurses generally supported their respective basic programs for initial licensure and entry into occupational health nursing.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2002

Occupational health in the European Union.

Despite extensive legislation in the European Union, employees remain exposed to occupational risks and there is still a significant burden of work-related ill-health. The trend for more people to work in service industries rather than manufacturing has resulted in a change in the nature of risk and pattern of occupational illness. Worker access to occupational health services ranges from 15 to 96% and depends on the country in which employees live and the type of operation in which they work. The increasing number of small enterprises provides a particular challenge when trying to provide occupational health support to the European Union's 158.4 million workers. European law alone is not sufficient to improve the health of those at work and further action is needed at state, employer and professional level. New initiatives seek to improve the health of the Union's workforce, including a drive for better compliance with new law by every member state. Governments are working with key stakeholders through partnering strategies to develop innovative approaches for better access to quality occupational health services. Furthermore, targets for reduction in occupational ill-health have been identified. Where country laws do not mandate the provision of occupational health services, employers need to see the benefit of providing occupational health support. Finally, the medical profession is making procedures for self-regulation more rigorous and professional bodies are actively engaged in issuing professional standards and guidelines. Ultimately, the individual practitioner is responsible for ensuring that he or she develops and maintains the necessary knowledge and skills to provide competent services.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed2001

Physical and occupational therapy undergraduates' stereotypes of one another.

Literature suggests that increased interaction between physical therapy and occupational therapy students may improve their understanding of each other's profession. This cross-sectional study examined positive and negative stereotypes in an educational setting in which physical and occupational therapy students take over 25% of their curricular courses together. The aim of the study was to assess whether interaction between these students in and out of the classroom positively affected their views of each other, as compared with physical and occupational therapy students in previous studies who did not take classes together. Senior students, 25 physical therapy and 28 occupational therapy, completed two copies of the Health Team Stereotype Scale questionnaire exploring attitudes concerning their own chosen profession and the other participants' profession. They also completed an extracurricular activities survey to indicate how much they participated in activities outside of the classroom with students from the other profession. On the stereotype scale, physical therapy students' self-assessment compared with their assessment of occupational therapy students yielded 28 significantly (p<.05) different adjective pairs; occupational therapy students' self-assessment compared with their assessment of physical therapy students yielded 26 significantly (p<.05) different adjective pairs. The students rarely or never participated in extracurricular activities with each other. When comparing present results with those of previous studies, present subjects selected significantly fewer negative adjective pairs to describe the other profession. The results indicate a more positive view of each other's profession than in the previous studies. The interdisciplinary education model examined in our institution may have fostered positive attitudes among students in these programs.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

A longitudinal study of interests of medical technologists: comparisons between medical technology and other allied health fields.

Three good reasons to improve allied health student selection can be suggested: There are often more applicants than spaces; there is often high attrition within programs; and it is often difficult for a student to transfer in or out of a program without cost in time and/or money. Although college grade point average (GPA) has been the best single predictor of continuing academic success in an allied health major, this GPA is not available for entering freshmen. Also, students' curriculum or career choices are often uninformed. It seemed worthwhile, therefore, to consider what could be added to evaluation of high school achievement and expressed interest to improve the selective admission of students to allied health programs. This study evaluated the use of the Strong Vocational Interest Blank (SVIB) and the Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory (SCII) as a selection technique for medical technology students. Results of the two interest inventories appeared to be similar in comparable areas. Our findings did not support the use of either test as a selection device for medical technology students, primarily because of the lack of discrimination within allied health professions. The graduates' scores on the basic interest and occupational scales of the SVIB-SCII did show shared interests and similarity with other allied health professions. This suggests that these tests could be of value in more general counseling of students interested in the allied health professions.

Achievement↗
PubMed2003

[The medical profession at issue (1922): a historical and sociological view].

Can a profession become the subject of historical or sociological study? Such an undertaking can only be possible if one avoids the meaning ascribed to the word profession and begins to give it a conceptual statue. Based on this concern, we present theoretical postulates introduced by several North American sociologists in their attempts to define profession as a concept, distinguishing it from occupation. We are interested in identifying the role played by knowledge and control of the labor market control. We make use of this reference to analyze a specific case, the medical profession, in a particular place, Brazil, and in a given historical context, the early 20th century, specifically at the "National Congress of Practitioners" (1922). From this empirical, historical analysis, we make three comments on our theoretical frame of reference. The first refers to the constitutive heterogeneity of a professional body, the second to the historical meaning of the professional process, and the third to coercion as a means for eliminating competitors and establishing one's self as a professional in the labour market. The purpose is to show that historical and sociological study of the medical profession is legitimate, relevant, and extremely opportune.

English Abstract↗
PubMed1992

Predictors of burnout for psychiatric occupational therapy personnel.

Burnout is inherent in many health care professions. This research investigation was conducted to determine if burnout existed at significant levels and if a relationship between burnout, work environment factors and demographic characteristics existed among a group of psychiatric occupational therapy personnel. The study design was a descriptive survey format utilizing mailed questionnaires. Eighty-nine respondents completed the Maslach Burnout Inventory, the Work Environment Scale and a demographic questionnaire. A series of regression analyses were performed. The results indicated that the following were significant predictors of burnout: work involvement, a large percentage of clients on one's caseload diagnosed with schizophrenia, work pressure, age, income level, the length of time working in psychiatric occupational therapy, caseload size and the amount of overtime performed on a weekly basis. Implications for psychiatric occupational therapy practice are discussed and recommendations for future research are made.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The professional status of the radiologic technologist.

There are regional manpower shortages because of the maldistribution of qualified radiologic technologists. In addition, urban versus rural maldistribution problem exists and is predicted to worsen. This and the identified economic constraints faced by institutions are exerting pressure on the profession to develop programs that will result in multiskilled/multicompetent personnel. Flexibility and receptivity to cross-training opportunities should be studied. In geographic areas where shortages have been identified, it may be necessary for the academic, employing, and health professions to cooperate to develop successful recruitment and retention strategies. Unless corrective action is initiated, there will be a critical manpower shortage in the face of increased demands for radiological services requiring qualified radiologic technologists. It will be necessary for us and the health professions being impacted to individually redefine our mission statements, goals, and objectives to focus on the future, and where common goals exist, to jointly work to achieve these goals. Now is the time for our professional organizations to be pro-active rather than wait to become reactive. We must relinquish protection and act in the best interest of the patient--the number one person in our profession--and in the best interest of the profession. To accomplish this end, radiologic technologists and radiologists must join efforts to improve the professional image of radiologic technologists and the financial benefits. This will help ensure the availability of capable and qualified personnel from today's competitive health occupational arena, and the vast array of other professions that demand bright, articulate students.

Health Occupations↗
PubMed1986

New clinical roles for pharmacists: a study of role expansion.

This study assessed the legitimacy of expanded roles for pharmacists with different status audiences. Pharmacy is a profession in transition and is characterized by considerable ambiguity and uncertainty concerning its status as a health care profession. Significant changes have occurred within the profession of pharmacy in the past few decades which have led to loss of function, social power and status. The response of the profession has been a movement toward a patient-oriented, clinical role for pharmacists. Hypotheses concerning level of support for expanded roles were derived from two conflict-based models of professionalization: a power model which focuses on conflict between professions and the central role of power in defining occupational territory; and a process model which focuses on conflict of interest and diversity within a profession and the development of 'segments' which struggle for control of a profession's direction. Data were collected by self-administered questionnaires sent to California pharmacists, physicians and nurses. Respondents were asked to indicate level of support for 20 role activities for pharmacists working in two practice settings (community and hospital). Pharmacy faculty were the most supportive of the clinical role activities, followed by practicing pharmacists, nurses and physicians. Physicians and nurses were more antagonistic toward clinical activities in the community than hospital practice setting, and were most antagonistic toward role activities which require independent judgement or autonomous action relevant to patient care on the part of the pharmacist. Differences were also noted in support for clinical role activities within the pharmacists' group. The effect of experience in working with a clinical pharmacist on support for clinical role activities is also discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Laryngeal cancer in men and occupation. A comparison with male patients with stomach cancer].

A statistical comparison of the professions of 1119 male patients with malignant laryngeal tumours and the profession of 708 male patients with malignant tumours of stomach, shows the influence of occupational exposures. The quantity of malignant laryngeal tumours is high in the group of steelworks- and foundry workers, workers in the glass-, porcelain-, quartz- and chemical industry and motorists. The inhalation of exogenous cancer-poisons are the probable cause.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Satisfaction with clinical practice environments among early-career health professionals in South Africa: Findings from the WiSDOM cohort study.

BACKGROUND: The work or practice environments of health professionals play a central role in their retention in the healthcare system and their ability to provide quality patient care. The aim of the study was to examine and compare the satisfaction of early-career health professionals in the WiSDOM (Wits longitudinal Study to Determine the Operation of the labour Market among its health professional graduates) study with their clinical practice environments (CPEs) in South Africa, and the factors influencing their satisfaction. METHODS: WiSDOM, a prospective longitudinal cohort study, consists of eight health professions: clinical associates, dentists, doctors, nurses, occupational therapists, oral hygienists, pharmacists, and physiotherapists. Every year we collect information on the cohort's involvement in direct patient care, their perceived workload, availability of medicines and equipment for patients in their care, and their satisfaction with the clinical practice environment (CPE).We used Stata&#xae;19 for analysis. We used panel linear regression to investigate factors associated with the cohort's satisfaction with their clinical practice environments from 2018 to 2024, and logistic regression to evaluate the association between CPE and intention to leave in 2024. RESULTS: In 2024, the mean age of the cohort was 30.9 (&#xb1; 2.0), the majority were female (74.4%) and working in urban areas (92.7%). In 2024, 59.7% of the overall cohort reported a heavy workload compared to 69.2% in 2018. Over the follow-up period, reported problems with the availability of medicines or equipment were worse in the public sector and in rural areas, compared to the private sector and urban areas respectively.The cohort's satisfaction score with the CPE was 6.7 out of 10 in 2018 and 6.9 in 2024. The predictors of CPE were year of follow-up, health profession, employment sector, and geographic location. Nurses (&#x3b2;=-1.2; 95% CI -1.7, -0.7; p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.001), and pharmacists (&#x3b2;=-0.7; 95% CI -1.1, -0.4; p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.001) scored their CPE significantly lower compared to the other professional groups. Health professionals in the public sector (&#x3b2;=-1.1; 95% CI -1.3, -0.9; p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.001) and in rural areas (&#x3b2;=-0.6; 95% CI -0.9, -0.3; p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.001) were less satisfied with their CPE compared to those in the private sector and urban areas respectively. Dissatisfaction with the CPE was significantly associated with intention to leave the workplace and the profession. CONCLUSION: The study findings underscore the need for positive clinical practice environments for early-career health professionals in South Africa both as a health workforce and patient safety imperative.

South Africa↗
PubMed2001

Limb immobilization for the treatment of focal occupational dystonia.

BACKGROUND: Occupational focal upper-limb dystonia is characterized by involuntary muscle contractions that selectively interfere with the execution of specific motor tasks such as writing or playing a musical instrument. Occupational dystonias have a severe social impact, especially in certain professions. The available medical treatments offer little benefit. METHODS: In eight patients with idiopathic occupational focal dystonia of the upper limb, the dystonic forearm and hand were immobilized with a plastic splint for mean (+/-SD) 4.5 +/- 0.75 weeks. Before splinting (base line) and at various intervals afterwards (4, 12, and 24 weeks), the authors assessed the severity of dystonia and the patients' motor performance objectively (Arm Dystonia Disability Scale and Tubiana and Chamagne Score) and subjectively (Self-Rating Score). RESULTS: Assessment 4 weeks after splint removal, when patients had regained normal voluntary movements, showed that the severity of dystonia and the patients' performance of the impaired motor task had improved; the benefit persisted unchanged at later follow-up visits (Arm Dystonia Disability Scale: base line 20.6 +/- 30.2%; after 4 weeks 83.9 +/- 23.8%, p = 0.007; after 12 weeks 83.9 +/- 23.8%, p = 0.007; after 24 weeks 79.7 +/- 29.5%, p = 0.015. Tubiana and Chamagne Score: base line 28.6 +/- 22.7%; after 4 weeks 80.0 +/- 23.1%, p = 0.015; after 12 weeks 80.0 +/- 23.1%, p = 0.015; after 24 weeks 74.3 +/- 32.1%, p = 0.031. Self-Rating Score: base line 20.6 +/- 19.3%; after 4 weeks 63.7 +/- 25.2%, p = 0.015; after 12 weeks 66.9 +/- 28.1%, p = 0.015; after 24 weeks 70.6 +/- 31.8%, p = 0.015). At the 24-week visit the improvement disappeared in one patient, was moderate in three, and marked in four. CONCLUSIONS: Limb immobilization can be a simple, effective, safe, and inexpensive treatment for focal occupational upper-limb dystonia.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Future impact on occupational therapy from current changes in higher education.

The positive and negative consequences of four dimensions of change affecting higher education are examined to consider some strategies to ensure quality of the preparation and practice of future occupational therapists. Experts from several disciplines view the decades of the 1980s and 1990s as a period of intense political, social, and economic change. Forecasting the effects of change on occupational therapy education and practice could result in strengthening the profession since decisions made now will have a direct bearing on the nature of occupational therapy practice in the future. The four changes discussed are enrollment patterns, student characteristics, fiscal resources, and institutional issues.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1986

The political economy of doctors' strikes in Nigeria: a Marxist interpretation.

Professions have been traditionally conceptualized as special occupational categories with distinguishing traits called to provide needed service. The social and economic context of these attributes is assumed unproblematic or taken for granted. This study of doctor's strikes in Nigeria critiques this conception and offers a political economy alternative. It analyses professions and their traits within a given context, and in relation to other groups. It is suggested that doctors in Nigeria are a powerful and privileged group, a view they seem to successfully use to pursue their interests.

Hospitals, Public↗
PubMed1985

Intra-role conflict: a result of naive attempts toward professionalization.

In an attempt to become professional, many allied health occupations have focused upon acquiring the traditional attributes associated with a profession while neglecting the professionalization process. As a result, members of allied health occupations that claim professional status may experience the problems of lack of occupational prestige, limited opportunity for vertical mobility, and occupational burn-out. A study was conducted to explore the possible links among level of training program socialization, level of professional identity, and level of intra-role conflict in medical technologists, registered dietitians, physicians' assistants, and certified dental technicians. An instrument was developed to test for the existence of relationships between intra-role conflict and a combination of factors. Results of this study support a relationship between occupation and training program socialization and intra-role conflict. Evidence in this study suggests that structural characteristics of an occupation may influence the level of intra-role conflict experienced by allied health practitioners.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMed2005

[Problems of occupational-court proceedings].

Regulations concerning disciplinary jurisdiction for the professions belong to the legislative authority of the federal states of the Federal Republic of Germany. Comprehensive regulation of professional duties may be accepted, as far as professional conduct is concerned. For conduct outside one's profession however, such a global approach to regulation appears to be questionable. Local intersections of competence have to be dissolved according to the principles of the constitutional state under the rule of law. Has the conduct constituting the basis of the proceedings already been avenged otherwise, it is compulsory to appropriately take into consideration all punishments or measures already administered. Ascertainment of lack of professional dignity by professional disciplinary courts may be problematic due to jurisdictional conflicts.

Germany↗
PubMed1995

The physical demands of riding in National Hunt races.

Heart rate (fc) and post-competition blood lactate concentration ([La+]) were studied in seven male professional National Hunt jockeys over 30 races. The fc response for individual races followed a similar pattern for all subjects. The mean peak fc recorded during competition was 184 beats.min-1 (range 162-198 beats.min-1) with average fc during the races ranging from 136 to 188 beats.min-1. During consecutive races the recovery fc did not return to resting values. The mean [La+] was 7.1 mmol.l-1 (range 3.5-15.0 mmol.l-1). The conclusions of this study suggest that riding in National Hunt races is a physically demanding occupation. The muscular activity in this profession requires a high metabolic drive and produces a significant cardiorespiratory response.

Adult↗