Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “OBESITY”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 649 records · Page 36Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Adipose tissue distribution in children with excessive body weight and the possibility of development of complications of obesity. II. Positive family history in relation to arteriosclerosis risk factor and the constitutional type of obesity in children].

98 children with simple obesity were investigated. The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (hypertension, coronary heart disease including heart infarction, disturbances of the cerebral circulation) and diabetes in parents and relatives of the obese children have been evaluated. The relation between the type of obesity (androidal, gynoidal) and the prevalence of the above complications in the family history was assessed. No correlation between the type of obesity and the mentioned diseases was observed.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1989

Pattern of obesity and insulin, glucagon, sex hormone binding globulin and lipids in obese Arab women.

A standard oral glucose tolerance test was performed in 86 healthy premenopausal obese Arab women (BMI greater than or equal to 30) Glucose, insulin and glucagon were measured at 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min. Sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), plasma lipids and uric acid were also estimated. Waist-hip circumference ratio (WHR) had significant positive correlation with age, triglycerides (TG), uric acid, fasting and 120 min glucose, and 120 min insulin and significant negative correlation with SHBG. Body mass index (BMI) had significant correlation with uric acid, fasting and 120 min insulin, and significant negative correlation with high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL Chol). When separated in two subgroups, with WHR greater than 0.80 (41), and less than or equal to 0.80 (45 cases), plasma glucose was in the diabetic range in seven; and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) in 11 women in the former subgroup. Only three with IGT but no diabetics, were in lower WHR subgroup. WHR in diabetics (0.93), and in IGT cases (0.90) was significantly higher than in other women (0.80). Fasting insulin was not different, but at 90 and 120 min, insulin was higher in the high WHR subgroup who had also higher fasting, 90 and 120 min glucose. Glucagon level, though slightly higher in the higher (WHR) subgroup, may indicate relative hyperglucagonaemia because of the associated significantly higher glucose. Compared with age matched non-obese controls, obese women in both subgroups had significantly higher insulin, uric acid and significantly lower HDL Chol and lower glucagon (insignificant). Obese women in the higher WHR subgroup (greater than 0.80) had also significantly higher systolic blood pressure, TG and lower SHBG.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Steroid metabolism in obese children II. Steroid excretion of obese and normal weight children.

Comparative studies on adrenal function have been performed in 56 children, 31 obese and 25 of normal weight. Their body weight fell within the range between 80 and 215% of the ideal weight (100%). Nine steroids resp. steroid groups were measured by gas chromatography. The participants were grouped by degree of fatness, sex and presence of absence of puberty (Tanner I or higher than I). The urinary steroid excretion rate was corrected for weight. Altered steroid metabolism was found in obese children as compared with the normal groups: not only the excretion of cortisol metabolites was increased but also that of androgen metabolites and pregnenediol, metabolite of pregnanolone. There is a trend for increased excretion of all steroid groups, in certain cases this attains the level of statistical significance. Wide variability was observed in the steroid excretion of obese children, in about one third of them there was hypersecretion of some components of the steroid spectrum. This phenomenon was more frequently encountered in boys. Extension of the normal range of steroid excretion rates of obese children seems to be justified.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Role of brown adipose tissue in the development of genetic obesity in the obese Zucker rat (fa/fa)].

The lipogenic capacity and thermogenic activity (assessed by GDP binding to mitochondrial) of brown adipose tissue was studied in lean (Fa/fa) and obese (fa/fa) suckling Zucker rat pups 2 and 10 days old. By 10 days of age, fat deposition, lipogenesis in vivo and fatty acid synthetase activity were 1.5 to 2-fold higher, whereas GDP binding to mitochondria was 40% lower in pre obese than in lean pups. Compared with lean pups, 2-day old fa/fa pups showed a 60% increase in triglyceride accumulation in interscapular brown adipose tissue and a 30% decrease in GDP binding to mitochondria, while no change occurred in fatty acid synthetase activity. These results strongly suggest that an impaired thermogenic activity in the brown adipose tissue of fa/fa pups could play a key role in the development of obesity. However, the concomitant increase in fat content in the brown adipose tissue of 2-day old pre-obese pups raises the question of the causal relationship between these two disorders.

Adipose Tissue, Brown↗
PubMed1985

[Effect of obesity on the ventilatory capacity of the respiratory system. I. Relation between basic spirometric indicators: vital capacity (VC) and forced expiratory volume (FEV1) and obesity].

The following procedures have been applied for evaluation of obesity of 1087 men, steel mill workers: all examined men have been divided into intervals of relative body weight (after Lorentz), indices including measurements of the current body weight and height, indices including measurements of the current body weight, height and skinfolds thickness. All examined persons have undergone measurements of spirometric parameters. The strongest correlation with spirometric values was that of the index of obesity including, apart from the body weight and height, also skinfolds thickness. This index of obesity provides good estimation of respiratory efficiency, which diminishes as obesity intensifies.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Hepatic extraction of insulin in non-insulin dependent diabetes. Comparative study of obese and non-obese patients.

Changes in the secretion and metabolism of insulin were measured by estimating serum C-peptide and insulin and their ratio during oral GTT in 30 non obese and 12 obese NIDDM patients. The mean IRI and CP responses were low in both groups of patients, compared to weight-matched controls. The reduction in CP was more marked than the reduction in IRI. The molar ratio of insulin and CP was found to be elevated in the patients, probably indicating reduced hepatic and peripheral extraction of insulin. It was noted that the elevated IRI/CP ratio was a 1) a common feature in NIDDM, irrespective of the body weight, 2) it is present even under basal conditions when the insulin levels are the lowest, 3) it appears to be independent of the concentration of insulin reaching the liver, and 4) obese patients appear to have an exaggerated defect compared to their non obese counterparts.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Super-obesity: a psychiatric profile of patients electing gastric stapling for the treatment of morbid obesity.

This is a preliminary report designed to identify personality characteristics which are unique to those super-obese electing a surgical intervention for weight loss. We have laid the groundwork to determine prognostic signs for the success or failure of the gastric stapling surgical technique for the treatment of morbid obesity, Self-report rating scales, demographic data forms, and MMPI's were administered to super-obese subjects and psychiatric consultations performed preoperatively and at various intervals postoperatively. Patients report satisfaction with their weight loss and few physical or psychological complications in the immediate post-op period. The MMPI and psychiatric consultations identify fairly high levels of psychopathology in this group. An aggregate psychiatric profile of the female and male morbidly obese patient is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) in obese men and obese women.

When compared to plasma PAI activity noted in selected control normal-weight normolipidemic women (9.36 AU/ml +/- 1.2) and men (13.6 AU/ml +/- 1.96), this inhibitor of fibrinolysis was found to be significantly (p < 0.001) higher in gender-matched obese patients. Obese men younger than 45 years, however, displayed a plasma PAI activity (32.5 AU/ml +/- 5.45) significantly higher (p < 0.01) than that recorded in age-matched obese women (17.8 AU/ml +/- 2.25). No significant difference concerning PAI activity was noted between women older than 45 years (26.4 AU/ml +/- 3.66) and age-matched men (23.8 AU/ml +/- 3.29). High plasma PAI activity was accompanied by an increased resistance of plasma clots to exogenous t-PA induced fibrinolysis. Since PAI depleted plasma clots however displayed a weak resistance to t-PA induced fibrinolysis, it was concluded that plasma PAI may be the main, but not the only factor, responsible for the prolonged plasma clot lysis time in obese subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Thyroid and obesity: survey of some function tests in a large obese population.

Tests of thyroid function in 493 obese patients were compared with thyroid function in 3076 non-obese patients. No differences in 131I uptake by the thyroid were observed at 6 h or 24 h; the frequency distribution was gaussian or normal in both populations; the frequencies of normal, high or low T3 and T4 values in the two populations were likewise comparable. Further, no correlation was found in the obese subjects between 131I uptake (6 h and 24 h), T3, T4 and overweight; on the other hand, there was a significant negative correlation between 131I uptake (6 h and 24 h) and age. It would appear that thyroid function is normal in obesity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Plasma acetate levels in a group of obese diabetic, obese normoglycemic, and control subjects and their relationships with other blood parameters.

Acetate is a short-chain fatty acid derived from colonic fermentation of carbohydrate and dietary fiber, and from endogenous glucose and fatty acid metabolism in the liver. An impaired acetate metabolism has been reported in diabetic subjects. The aim of the study was to evaluate plasma acetate levels in a group of obese diabetic subjects, compared with obese normoglycemic subjects and normal control subjects. Eleven noninsulin-dependent diabetic patients taking oral antidiabetic drugs, eight obese normoglycemic subjects, and seven control subjects were studied. Liver, kidney, and gut functions were normal in all subjects. Blood acetate, glucose, insulin, and C-peptide were evaluated in all subjects. Acetate levels were significantly higher in the diabetic subjects than in obese normoglycemic and normal subjects. Significant correlations between HbA1c, glucose, and acetate levels, but not between acetate and C-peptide or insulin, were also observed.

Acetates↗
PubMed1996

Post-prandial thermogenesis with ephedrine, caffeine and aspirin in lean, pre-disposed obese and obese women.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether or not aspirin further potentiates the greater post-prandial thermogenesis induced by ephedrine with caffeine. DESIGN: Determination of the acute metabolic rate response to the following treatments: 1050 kJ liquid meal (M); meal plus ephedrine (30 mg) and caffeine (100 mg) (MEC) or meal plus ephedrine, caffeine and aspirin (300 mg) (MECA). SUBJECTS: Lean, pre-disposed obese and obese women (n = 10 each group). MEASUREMENTS: Pre- and post-treatment metabolic rate determinations via indirect calorimetry. Post-treatment measurements made at 20 min intervals for a total of 160 min. RESULTS: In all groups, metabolic rate increased significantly more following the MEC or MECA, compared to the meal only (p < 0.05). The obese group had a significantly greater absolute increase in metabolic rate following the MECA and MEC compared to both the lean and pre-disposed obese groups (p < 0.05). Metabolic rate remained elevated at the end of the 160 min following all treatments. CONCLUSION: Aspirin does not further potentiate the acute thermic effect of ephedrine and caffeine with a meal. However, the full thermogenic response was not measured and longer duration studies are necessary to confirm these results.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Maintenance of obesity following hypophysectomy in the obese-hyperglycemic mouse (ob/ob).

In order to examine the role of the pituitary in the obese-hyperglycemic syndrome, obese (ob/ob) and nonobese sibling (OB/?) mice were sham-operated or hypophysectomized by a parapharyngeal method at 60 to 90 days of age and subsequently weighed for nine weeks. Completeness of hypophysectomy was assessed by microscopic examination of stained serial sections of the brain and attached hypophyseal capsule. Complete hypophysectomy resulted in a moderate weight loss in the obese mice and attenuated further increases in adiposity, but it failed to eliminate the adiposity already established prior to surgery as determined from Lee index values. We tentatively conclude that neither the pituitary nor the target organs it controls represent the site of the primary genetic abnormality that maintains the obesity of the ob/ob.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

[Waist/hip ratio and vascular risk factors in obese and not obese individuals].

Three groups of men and three groups of women were studied, each one of the three corresponding to obese individuals, overweight and not overweight according to the ratio of corporal mass > or = 30, 25-29.9 and < 25 respectively. In each group two subgroups were made following the waist/hip ratio (< 1 and > or = 1 for men and < 0.8 and > or = 0.8 for women). In each subgroup arterial pressure, basal glucemia, cholesterol and plasmic triglycerides, lipoproteins and insulinemia after a higher than normal oral intake of glucose were determined, comparing results according to waist/hip ratio. Practically all the parameters studied showed greater levels of risk in subjects of both sexes with high waist/hip ratio, both in obese individuals and not obese individuals. This shows the possibility that high waist/hip ratio in associated with risk factors in individuals who are not obese, and this association is considered as a "metabolic lipopathy" present in the intraabdominal visceral adipocyte. The measurement of waist/hip ratio must be recommended in all patients and in medical examinations.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed2003

[Effects of behavior modification on obesity index, skinfold thickness, body fat, serum lipids, serum leptin in obese elementary school children].

PURPOSE: This study was performed to investigate effects of behavior modification on obesity index, skinfold thickness, body fat, serum lipids, serum leptin in obese elementary school children. METHOD: Forty seven students were selected from two elementary schools. Twenty four children in one school were assigned to experimental group and twenty three children in another school were assigned to control group. Experimental group was received 60-70 minutes of behavior modification once a week for 8 weeks. RESULT: Obesity index of the experimental group was significantly decreased after behavior modification. But there was no significant difference between two groups. The increase of skinfold thickness was significantly low in the experimental group compared to the control group. Percentage of body fat and fat mass were significantly decreased in the experimental group. Fat free mass was significantly increased in the experimental group. HDL-C, triglyceride and serum leptin between the experimental group and control group showed no significant difference. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that behavior modification is effective in decreasing percentage of body fat and fat mass, in less increasing skinfold thickness and in increasing fat free mass. In conclusion, behavior modification can be used as effective strategy for managing obesity in elementary school children.

English Abstract↗
PubMed2000

North American Society for the Study of Obesity--annual meeting. Emerging perspectives on obesity. 14-18 November 1999, Charleston, SC, USA.

This meeting focused on the latest research and clinical developments in the field of obesity. Record high attendance emphasized the recognition of obesity as an emerging and exciting area of study, both from the basic science aspects as well as from a clinical standpoint. While presentations at the meeting emphasized the importance of retaining our current public health message of low-fat diets and exercise for obesity prevention and management, several novel approaches (both behavioral and pharmaceutical) were also presented. In animal models, the presentation of data on a novel obesity-related gene, beacon, was one of the highlights.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2003

Anti-obesity action of Salix matsudana leaves (Part 1). Anti-obesity action by polyphenols of Salix matsudana in high fat-diet treated rodent animals.

In preliminary experiments, polyphenol fractions prepared from the leaves of Salix matsudana reduced the elevation of the rat plasma triacylglycerol level at 3 and 4 h after oral administration of a lipid emulsion containing corn oil, at a dose of 570 mg/kg. The present study examined the anti-obesity action of polyphenol fractions of S. matsudana leaves by testing whether the polyphenol fractions prevented the obesity induced by feeding a high-fat diet to female mice for 9 weeks. Body weights at 2-9 weeks and the fi nal parametrial adipose tissue weights were significantly lower in mice fed the high-fat diet with 5% polyphenols of S. matsudana leaves than in those fed the high-fat diet alone. The polyphenols of S. matsudana leaves also significantly reduced the hepatic total cholesterol content, which was elevated in mice fed the high-fat diet alone. In addition, the polyphenol fractions of S. matsudana leaves inhibited palmitic acid uptake into brush border membrane vesicles prepared from rat jejunum and alpha-amylase activity, and their fractions enhanced norepinephrine-induced lipolysis in fat cells. In conclusion, it is suggested that the inhibitory effects of the flavonoid glycoside fraction of S. matsudana leaves on high-fat diet-induced obesity might be due to the inhibition of carbohydrate and lipid absorption from small intestine through the inhibition of alpha-amylase and palmitic acid uptake into small intestinal brush border membrane or by accelerating fat mobilization through enhancing norepinephrine-induced lipolysis in fat cells.

Adipocytes↗
PubMed2006

Human originated bacteria, Lactobacillus rhamnosus PL60, produce conjugated linoleic acid and show anti-obesity effects in diet-induced obese mice.

Many previous studies have reported that conjugated linoleic acid could be produced by starter culture bacteria, but the effects of the bacteria were not investigated. Moreover, there was no evidence of the conjugated linoleic acid-producing bacteria having potential health or nutritional effects related to conjugated linoleic acid, including reducing body fat. Here, we investigated the anti-obesity effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus PL60, a human originated bacterium that produces t10, c12-conjugated linoleic acid, on diet-induced obese mice. After 8 weeks of feeding, L. rhamnosus PL60 reduced body weight without reducing energy intake, and caused a significant, specific reduction of white adipose tissue (epididymal and perirenal). Although the size of epididymal adipocytes was not reduced by L. rhamnosus PL60, apoptotic signals and UCP-2 mRNA levels increased in adipose tissue. Liver steatosis, a well known side effect of CLA, was not observed by L. rhamnosus PL60 treatment; on the contrary it seemed to be normalized. Results showed that the amount of conjugated linoleic acid produced by Lactobacillus rhamnosus PL60 was enough to produce an anti-obesity effect.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Anesthetic considerations for the obese and morbidly obese oral and maxillofacial surgery patient.

The purpose of this article is to review the problems of anesthetic management of the obese patient and review current literature on this topic. Obesity is associated with a wide spectrum of medical problems. Anesthetic management requires being familiar with the pathophysiologic changes associated with obesity as well as the specific management issues that can arise. We will review recommendations from the literature on anesthesia management as they apply to the oral and maxillofacial surgeon.

Anesthesia, Dental↗