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At least 649 records · Page 36Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

[Treatment of recurrent gastrointestinal cancer].

There are various patterns of recurrence of gastric and colorectal cancer after radical resection. In case of residual stomach recurrence, re-resection is sometimes feasible. Chemotherapy in such a case consists of combined chemotherapy by arterial infusion for induction of remission and administration of oral preparation and/or suppositories for maintenance. The results obtained from our clinic (recurrent gastric cancer: 101 cases, colorectal cancer: 27 cases) were shown as follows. The 50% survival period was 5 months. The twenty-one cases out of 101 cases in gastric cancer were survived more than one years, because they received the intensive chemotherapy such as arterial infusion chemotherapy and oral or rectal administration of FT. In case of recurrent colorectal cancer, 17 cases of 27 patients has multiple liver metastasis. The most patients of liver metastasis were treated with selective arterial infusion chemotherapy with 5-FU plus ACNU or MMC. And the efficacy of arterial infusion chemotherapy was remarkable. Our efforts must be made to continue any treatment as long as possible and change drugs as necessary. Also we must be made to keep general condition of the patients as good as possible using support therapy such as IVH, prevention of infection, immunotherapy, drainage so on.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1983

[Conditions suitable for chemotherapy of gastric cancer].

In order to investigate the applicable conditions to gastric cancer chemotherapy, we analyzed the various prognostic factors from the aspect of gastric cancer patients and anticancer drugs. 148 out of a total of 188 cases were evaluated in which PR was observed in 25 cases (16.9%). The man 50% survival time of all patients was 4.2 months, and the one-year survival was found in 14 cases (8.2%). The important prognostic factors were performance status, classification of metastases site and the efficacy of chemotherapy. From this results, it is thought that the best applicable conditions to gastric cancer chemotherapy were that a sufficient dose of multidrugs should be administered to the patients with less advanced cancer or good ps patients.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1984

[Chemotherapy of unresectable Borrmann type 4 gastric cancer].

We have reported the results of our questionnaires collected from 108 hospitals all over Japan. The mainly used therapies were 5-FU, tegafur, and MMC in singular medications and 5-FU + MMC, MFC and tegafur + MMC in combined medications. The total cases judged as 'effective' in each hospitals were 71. The breakdown is as follows: 1) 'effective for the primary lesion'--47, 33--expansion of affected site proved by radiological and endoscopic views, 6--improvement only by endoscopic findings, 8--shrinkage of palpable tumor size. 2) 'ineffective for the primary lesion'--24, 11--disappearance or decrease in ascites, 13--improvement of sign and symptom. 50% survival period was 2.9 months in ineffective cases and 8.5 months in all effective cases and 10.5 months in effective cases by radiological and endoscopic findings. Draft of the Criteria of Cancer Chemotherapy for Gastric Cancers proposed by Japanese Research Society for Gastric Cancer, which including the evaluation of Borrmann type 4 cancer, was introduced.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1984

[Increased cytotoxic effects of various anticancer drugs by alpha-interferon (HLBI) on human tumor xenografts in nude mice].

Since interferon (IFN) has a mechanism of action very different from chemotherapeutic agents, it is possible that a combination of two may be of therapeutic value. The authors studied increased cytotoxic effects of anticancer drugs by IFN on human tumors xenografts in nude mice. Tumor used in this study were "SH-10", "S-7379" (gastric cancer) and "O-7294" (malignant melanoma), serially transplanted subcutaneously. IFN was injected, 5 X 10(5) mu/mouse, every day for 2 weeks and a single drug was administered 3 times every fourth day. Cytotoxic effect was determined by tumor size on day 16 after treatment. Of the 7 drugs, MMC and ADM were most effective. Other drugs showed a slight inhibition of tumor growth by combination therapy with drugs and IFN.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

[Effect of total parenteral nutrition on the nutritional status and immunocompetence in host and on the tumor growth].

Present study was undertaken to reveal the effects of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) on the immunocompetence associated with nutritional status and on the tumor growth. The 4-nitro-quinoline-1-oxide induced Sato Lung Carcinoma was transplanted subcutaneously on the back of Donryu rats. Rats were controlled by TPN, low calorie infusion or oral feeding for one or two weeks. Each group was subdivided into chemotherapy and non chemotherapy group. Chemotherapy was performed with adriamycin or ACNU. Tumor bulk was bigger in the well nourished TPN rats than in malnourished group, revealing an accelerated tumor growth by TPN. Despite no significant change in polyamine level and phosphorylation activity, thymidine kinase activity and mitotic index in tumor were significantly higher in TPN than in low calorie infusion. Compared to the results of low calorie infusion, higher activity of IgG, IgM plaque forming cells and lymphocytic blastformation by PHA was suggested the good maintenance of both cellular and humoral immunity in well nourished rats. There was no positive evidence to support the facilitated effect of chemotherapeutic agents in TPN. However, TPN decreased an incidence of adverse reactions of chemotherapy such as loss of weight, leukopenia. Survival rate of rats at nine weeks after treatment also showed the favorable effect of TPN on chemotherapy.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Control of multiple skin and lung metastasis of malignant melanoma by combined DAV and OK-432 chemoimmunotherapy in association with large-scale administration of indomethacin].

Skin metastasis of malignant melanoma has been difficult to control by chemoimmunotherapy. We report a case of melanoma with marked reduction of multiple skin and lung metastasis and an improved cell-mediated immunity using combined DAV (DTIC, ACNU, Vincristine) and OK-432 chemoimmunotherapy in association with doses of indomethacin administered over a long period (250 mg/day, 6 months) to relieve the cancerous pain.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

[Combination chemotherapy of primary adenocarcinoma of the lung using adriamycin, ACNU, and vindesine].

Since July 1980, thirty patients with inoperable adenocarcinoma of the lung have been treated with ANV. Induction chemotherapy (Adriamycin 35 mg/m2 i.v. days 1 and 22, ACNU 2 mg/kg i.v. day 1, vindesine 2 mg/m2 i.v. days 1, and 22) was given for 2 courses (or 1 course) at 3-week intervals. Maintenance chemotherapy was performed with reduced doses and elongated intervals. Characteristics of 30 patients were as follows: 13 males and 17 females; mean age 55 (range 32-77); mean PS 1.6, prior chemotherapy 3 cases; tumor involving bone (53%), brain (20%) and cervical node (23%). Of 27 patients who received no prior chemotherapy, 2 patients were unmeasurable because of pleural effusion. After one course of induction chemotherapy, 7 out of 25 patients achieved PR (response rate: 28%), 5 MRS (20%), 10 NCS, and 3 PDS. When patients were divided into the youngers (32-59 years old, mean 47) and the older (60-77 years old, mean 67), the youngers showed apparently higher response rate (6/17, 35%) than the olders (1/8, 13%). When patients were divided into three groups by the grade of cell differentiation, response rates were 0/5 (0%) in the well differentiated group, 2/6 (33%) in the moderately differentiated group, and 5/11 (45%) in the poorly differentiated group. The median survival time for all patients was 9 months; the younger 8 months, the older 9 months, well differentiated 11 months, moderately differentiated 9 months, and poorly differentiated 7 months. Survival time of responders was not significantly (P greater than 0.05) longer than that of non-responders. Toxicities were mild: leucopenia (less than 4,000) found in 85%, thrombocytopenia (less than 100,000) in 8%, anorexia in 54%, nausea and vomiting in 39%, and alopecia in 82%.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

[Pancreatic and biliary excretion of 1-(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl) methyl-3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosourea hydrochloride (ACNU) in man].

For the purpose of examining the transfer of anticancer drug into pancreatic juice and hepatic bile, 1-(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl) methyl-3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosourea hydrochloride (ACNU) was given to 6 pancreaticoduodenectomized patients with periampullary cancer. The pancreatic juice and bile were collected through the pancreatic or biliary duct drainage before and after the intravenous administration of ACNU (2 mg/kg) for 210 minutes. ACNU concentrations of the pancreatic juice and hepatic bile reached to the maximum 15 minutes and 30 minutes after administration, respectively, and high transfer rates were sustained in both fluids. ACNU concentrations in the hepatic bile were higher than in the pancreatic juice in all cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Enhanced lethal effect of combined ACNU with x-ray on cultured HeLaS3 cells].

The combined effects of ACNU and X-irradiation on cultured HeLaS3 cells were investigated. Pretreatment with either ACNU or X-ray induced a substantial reduction in shoulder width the D0 value of the dose-response curve for the other agent, given later was unchanged. ACNU did not inhibit the recovery of sublethal damage (SLD) induced by X-ray when this treatment preceded the split-dose experiment. Our results indicate that some cell damage induced by each agent is transmissible to the progeny of the surviving cells and that the interaction of ACNU and X-irradiation was lethal to the cells.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1983

[Study on postoperative local chemotherapy of malignant brain tumors using ACNU and PSK].

There have been many attempts to treat patients with malignant brain tumors represented by glioblastomas using nitrosourea (NU) derivatives such as BCNU and CCNU but the clinical results are not so remarkable compared with previous reports concerning experimental studies. The reason for an efficacy of NU derivatives in brain tumors is considered to be its higher lipid solubility which makes the drug crossing the BBB easily. On the other hand, there is some evidence that higher lipid solubility did not guarantee NU to reach always to all portions of solid tumor after systemic administration. We have performed a chemotherapy of malignant brain tumors using ACNU for five years. This drug is not only lipid but also water-soluble in some grade; therefore, the drug is administrated intravascularly and locally with ease. Nine cases of malignant gliomas were treated with local chemotherapy employing ACNU and two cases of glioblastomas are surviving now over five years and about four years, respectively. From the anatomical standpoint of view, it is considered to be necessary for local chemotherapy of brain tumors to possess some pathognomonic characters such as cyst formations, central necrosis and localized cortico-meningeal adhesions, which are rather frequently found in malignant gliomas and are suspected also easily by CT examination preoperatively. A local chemotherapy in the present study has been performed using 10 to 50 mg of ACNU through an indwelling catheter inserted during operation. No general toxicity occurred in all patients except one, who experienced purulent meningitis after long-term drainage. In our study on concentration of ACNU, intracarotid injection resulted in higher concentration in brain tumor tissue than intravenous injection, but these concentration considered to be not high enough to suppress the tumor cell growth. On the other hand, the intracavitary concentration of ACNU at 24 hr after drug administration was high enough to suppress the tumor cell growth.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1983

[Effect of ACNU, a water-soluble nitrosourea derivative, on survival and cell progression of cultured HeLa S3 cells].

Effects of a water-soluble nitrosourea derivative, 1-(4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl) methyl-3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosourea hydrochloride [ACNU]. on survival and cell progression of HaLe S3 cells was investigated. The survival of exponentially growing cells exposed to increasing concentrations of the drug was characterized by a threshold-type survival curve (D0 = 7.0 micrograms/ml X 1 hr, Dq = 3.5 micrograms/ml X 1 hr). ACNU exerted its main killing effect on cells in G1 and G2 + M phases, whereas cells in S phase were resistant to the drug. Changes in survival response as a function of cell cycle were mainly dependent upon the extent of the exponential slope of the survival curve. Cell progression effects were examined by using a low concentration of ACNU in which 80% of treated cells could survive. Cells in G1 and early S phases at the time of treatment were not prevented from entering S phase but prolonged in duration of S phase followed by a marked delay in progression through G2 phase. However, such a delay in cell progression time was reduced in cells treated in mid S phase as compared with G1 and early S phases. Cells treated in late S and G2 phases could normally progress into mitosis.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1983

[Effect of ACNU, a water-soluble nitrosourea, on cell cycle of cultured glioma cells--flow cytometric analysis].

Cytotoxic and cytokinetic effects of 1-(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl) methyl-3-(2-chloroethyl) 3-nitrosourea hydrochloride (ACNU) on cultured rat and human glioma cells (C-6 and KC) were studied in vitro. Exponentially growing culture cells were exposed to ACNU at the final concentrations of 5 micrograms/ml, 20 micrograms/ml, and 80 micrograms/ml, respectively. The cytotoxic effect was evaluated by inhibition of cell growth and the cytokinetic effect was analyzed by DNA histogram using a flow cytometer. Inhibition of cell growth was dose-dependent in ACNU and C-6 cells were more resistant than KC cells. The growth of C-6 and KC cells were not inhibited at all by low concentrations of ACNU (5 micrograms/ml, 20 micrograms/ml), however, at these concentrations a marked accumulation of treated cells in S and G2+ M phases was evident. The accumulation in S and G2+M phases was dose-dependent and it was more prominent in KC than C-6 cells. ACNU-treated cells accumulated initially in S phase and then in G2+M phase. After maximum accumulation in G2+M phase, the cells seemed to be released into G1 or G0 phase. These results indicate that the cytokinetic effect of ACNU (5 micrograms/ml, 20 micrograms/ml) is more conspicuous than the cytotoxic effect on C-6 and KC cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Effects of phenobarbital on the metabolism of ACNU in vivo].

The nitrosourea compounds are often used in the treatment of patients with malignant brain tumors in combination with anticonvulsants, such as phenobarbital (PB). Since PB can induce hepatic microsomal enzyme--P 450 and degrade nitrosoureas in vivo, the effect of PB on tumoricidal activity in relation to toxicity of 3-[(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)-methyl]-1-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (ACNU) was studied using a rat brain tumor model. To determine toxicity, CD-Fisher rats were treated for 4 days with 19 and 38 mg/kg/day of PB (i.m), 0.4 and 0.7 g/kg/day of sodium valproate--SV (p.o), or 3 days with 50 mg/kg of phenytoin (i.v) prior to an administration of 47 mg/kg of ACNU (i.p). The mortality rate by the toxicity within 14 days after administration of ACNU was calculated in each group. The toxicity of ACNU was markedly reduced in PB pretreated rats compared with those without pretreatment or treated with SV or phenytoin. The tumoricidal activity of ACNU was evaluated in CD-Fisher rats with RG 12 brain tumors. Rats received 20 mg/kg ACNU after pretreatment with 19 mg/kg/day of PB (i.m) or 0.2 g/kg/day of SV (p.o) for 4 days. The mean survival days and the percentage increase in life span (%ILS) were compared in each group. Pretreatment with PB significantly reduced the tumoricidal activity of ACNU as compared with control without pretreatment (p less than 0.001) or pretreatment with SV (p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗