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PubMed2002

Guiding community-based public health planning in rural New Mexico.

For purposes of clarity in discussion, the work described in this article will be centered in Chaves County. The work of Turning Point in this county is organized through the Community Care Network, an organization representing more than 25 agencies and 100 individuals meeting monthly to provide the action framework for community-initiated programs. Through this collaboration, information is shared regarding the focus of agencies, funding for programming is sought through the most appropriate agency, and much of the competitive energy has been channeled into sharing of resources to write the best funding proposal and implement the best program when funding is obtained.

Community Health Planning↗
PubMed1985

Incidence of hepatitis B in the penitentiary of New Mexico.

A study was conducted to determine the incidence of hepatitis B (HB) in a prison population. Forty-seven per cent of 455 male prisoners had evidence of past HB infection. HB seropositivity was most strongly correlated with: 1) a history of IV drug abuse; 2) age; 3) total time in any prison; and 4) race. During a one-year study period there were no clinical cases of HB in the prison and the seroconversion rate was 0.8 per cent among prisoners still incarcerated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Early diagnosis and treatment of Hirschsprung's disease in New Mexico.

Four decades ago, the mortality of congenital aganglionosis of the distal part of the colon (Hirschsprung's disease) approached 100 per cent. The development of diagnostic methods and curative operations lowered the mortality to 5 to 10 per cent. Enterocolitis remained the major cause of death. In this series of 18 children with Hirschsprung's disease, the majority were diagnosed as neonates. Although enterocolitis was present at diagnosis in four (22 per cent), all children survived after prompt surgical therapy. Neonatal diagnosis and treatment may prevent the development of fatal enterocolitis, virtually eliminating the mortality of Hirschsprung's disease.

Barium Sulfate↗
PubMed1992

Seroprevalence of HIV-1 and hepatitis B and C in prostitutes in Albuquerque, New Mexico.

A survey of persons soliciting sex in an area known to be frequented by prostitutes in Albuquerque, NM, included 43 females and 66 males. Seroprevalence rates found in this population-based study were as follows: human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), 3%; hepatitis B, 39%; hepatitis C, 45%. Increased age, intravenous drug use, and condom use were independent risk factors for hepatitis B. Female gender and intravenous drug use were independent risk factors for hepatitis C. Neither sharing injection equipment nor engaging in receptive anal intercourse was independently associated with hepatitis B or C.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Evaluating cluster alarms: a space-time scan statistic and brain cancer in Los Alamos, New Mexico.

OBJECTIVES: This article presents a space-time scan statistic, useful for evaluating space-time cluster alarms, and illustrates the method on a recent brain cancer cluster alarms in Los Alamos, NM. METHODS: The space-time scan statistic accounts for the preselection bias and multiple testing inherent in a cluster alarm. Confounders and time trends can be adjusted for. RESULTS: The observed excess of brain cancer in Los Alamos was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: The space-time scan statistic is useful as a screening tool for evaluating which cluster alarms merit further investigation and which clusters are probably chance occurrences.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1991

Comparison of faculty members' and students' perceptions concerning performance criteria and evaluation strategies at the University of New Mexico School of Medicine.

Faculty members' and students' perceptions concerning the relative importances of (1) various performance criteria for students and (2) strategies of evaluation were determined in 1989 by a questionnaire in a single medical school that had both a problem-based, student-centered curriculum and an organ-block curriculum (i.e., regular track). The greatest differences in the rankings of both areas were found between those given by the freshman and sophomore students in the problem-based curriculum and those given by the same groups in the regular track. The faculty members' perceptions tended to be closer to those of the students in the regular track.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed2005

The New Mexico school nurse and emergency medical services emergency preparedness course: program description and evaluation.

Illness and injuries are common among students and school staff. Therefore, school nurses must be prepared. In this study, a 16-hour scenario-based emergency preparedness course for school nurses was evaluated for its effectiveness. Effectiveness was measured by (a) traditional methods (written exams and confidence surveys) and (b) skills and performance evaluations in simulated emergencies called On-site Mock Emergency Scenarios. School nurses who completed the emergency preparedness course showed significant improvement in knowledge, confidence, and On-site Mock Emergency Scenarios scores that measured each nurse's ability to apply knowledge in simulated emergencies.

Child↗
PubMed1996

Determination of cystic fibrosis carrier frequency for Zuni native Americans of New Mexico.

The Zuni native Americans of the Southwest have an incidence of cystic fibrosis of approximately one in 333 or seven and one-half times that found for Caucasians. Earlier studies indicated that dF508 was not among the cystic fibrosis mutations causing this disease. Through a collaborative study the R1162X mutation was found on 12 out of 12 cystic fibrosis chromosomes from six Zuni patients. Because of the relative high incidence of cystic fibrosis, we undertook a study to determine the carrier frequency of the R1162X mutation among randomly sampled individuals. We found the carrier frequency in the general population for the R1162X to be 6.7%, a very significant number when compared with the carrier frequency for all cystic fibrosis mutations in the Caucasian population of approximately 4%.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Acute fluoride poisoning in a New Mexico elementary school.

Thirty-four persons became ill with acute fluoride poisoning shortly after drinking water in an elementary school in Los Lunas, NM. The water supply of the school was supplemented with a concentrated sodium fluoride solution designed to raise fluoride levels in drinking water to 1 to 5 ppm. Two water samples taken after the incident was reported showed elevated fluoride levels of 375 and 93.5 ppm. Malfunction of a relay switch controlling dilution of the fluoride solution produced toxic fluoride levels in the water. The symptoms of all patients were mild and generally of short duration, with two thirds of patients reporting complete resolution within 24 hours. The bitter, salty taste of the water deterred consumption of large amounts and prevented serious intoxication.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1991

New Mexico rattlesnake bites: demographic review and guidelines for treatment.

The demographic features, treatment, and outcome of 36 rattlesnake envenomation cases are reviewed. Two populations at special risk are identified: (1) young children (12/36) who sustain lower extremity bites, and (2) adults who consume alcohol and handle snakes (10/36) who sustain upper extremity bites. Antivenin was used in 22 cases with only one serious case of serum sickness. Three definite diagnoses of compartment syndrome were made on the basis of elevated compartment pressures. Hand bites accounted for 20 of the 36 cases. The greatest functional disability followed digit bites in that 11 patients developed decreased motion and sensation. The indications for fasciotomy and debridement are discussed, both for digit and non-digit envenomations. General treatment recommendations are given.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome--Colorado and New Mexico, 1998.

Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a severe cardiopulmonary illness resulting in death in approximately 45% of cases. The most frequently recognized etiologic agent of HPS in North America, Sin Nombre virus (SNV), is transmitted to humans from its primary rodent reservoir, Peromyscus maniculatus (deer mouse), by direct contact with infected rodents, rodent droppings, or nests or through inhalation of aerosolized virus particles from mouse urine and feces. Sporadic cases occur throughout the United States and Canada, but the potential for spread from rodents to humans in 1998 probably has increased because of increased rodent population densities in some regions of the country. This report describes three cases of HPS that occurred in the southwestern United States with onsets of illness during April 15-28, 1998, and recommends methods to avoid exposure to rodents inside and around human dwellings.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Host preference of mosquitoes in Bernalillo County, New Mexico.

Host preference of mosquitoes was determined using animal-baited traps. Hosts used in the study were cattle, chickens, dogs, and horses. Ten mosquito species representing 4 genera were collected from the animal-baited traps. Aedes vexans, Aedes dorsalis, Culex quinquefasciatus. Culex tarsalis, and Culiseta inornata were used as indicator species for data analysis. Greater numbers of Ae. vexans, Ae. dorsalis, and Cs. inornata were collected from cattle and horses than from chickens or dogs. In addition, engorgement rates were higher on mammals than on chickens. Engorgement and attraction data for Cx. quinquefasciatus suggested a preference for chickens and dogs over cattle and horses. A slight preference for chickens and dogs was seen with Cx. tarsalis, but the degree of host preference of Cx. tarsalis was less than that in either Ae. vexans or Cx. quinquefasciatus.

Aedes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

New Mexico women with no prenatal care: reasons, outcomes, and nursing implications.

A retrospective chart review was conducted to determine why women received no prenatal care during pregnancy and their subsequent maternal and neonatal outcomes. Five hundred and eighty medical records from 1990 through 1993 that were labeled as no care were reviewed. Actually, only 270 records had no care and of these, 92 had 156 recorded reasons as to why women did not receive prenatal care. These reasons were categorized into three types of barriers: attitudinal, sociodemographic, and system-related. The majority of the women were young, Hispanic, unmarried, between 20 and 29 years of age, and uninsured, and had one to three children. Overall, the women did not smoke cigarettes, drink alcohol, or use drugs during pregnancy. Overall, the women had good maternal and newborn outcomes. Results suggest a need to reevaluate the effect of prenatal care use on young Hispanic women.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome. A clinical case series of 21 patients. New Mexico Eosinophilia-Myalgia Syndrome Study Group.

We reviewed 21 cases of eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome to describe the range of clinical findings in these patients. Most patients were women (20 [95%]) and middle-aged (mean, 46 years) and had taken the food supplement L-tryptophan (95%). All cases involved eosinophilia (eosinophil count, greater than or equal to 2.0 x 10(9)/L) and incapacitating myalgias. Fourteen (88%) of the 16 patients tested had mild liver function abnormalities. Aldolase levels were abnormal in all patients tested. Muscle biopsies were done in five patients; four showed eosinophilic perimyositis, and one had interstitial inflammation. No physical finding was pathognomonic or universal, but muscle tenderness, tachycardia, and rash were the most common signs found during physical examinations. Seven patients were treated with prednisone, and six showed improvement in muscle pain and a decrease in eosinophilia. The cause of this disorder is still unknown.

Biopsy↗
PubMed2000

Diabetic retinopathy screening among Hispanics in Lea County, New Mexico.

A project of diabetic retinopathy screening among Hispanics was implemented to increase awareness among the participants about diabetic retinopathy, screen for retinopathy, and make recommendations for further follow-up to enable them to save years of vision. Hispanics with diabetes are at a higher risk than non-Hispanics to develop retinopathy. A convenience group of 19 adults participated in the project. A pretest to determine participants' knowledge about diabetic retinopathy was administered. Subsequently, the participants were screened for diabetic retinopathy. On that occasion, a nurse instructed the individual participants about different aspects of diabetic retinopathy and provided them with brochures. After three weeks, posttests were administered to evaluate their awareness level and compliance with recommendations. Data were analyzed using a dependent groups' t-test. A significant increase (6.6 percent) in the awareness levels of the participants was found. It is recommended that voluntary collaborative efforts among various individuals and institutions should occur to organize similar community projects that may otherwise become prohibitive due to costs.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Pilot-scale demonstration of phytofiltration for treatment of arsenic in New Mexico drinking water.

Arsenic contamination of drinking water poses serious health risks to millions of people worldwide. To reduce such risks, the United States Environmental Protection Agency recently lowered the Maximum Contaminant Level for arsenic in drinking water from 50 to 10 microgL(-1). The majority of water systems requiring compliance are small systems that serve less than 10,000 people. Current technologies used to clean arsenic-contaminated water have significant drawbacks, particularly for small treatment systems. In this pilot-scale demonstration, we investigated the use of arsenic-hyperaccumulating ferns to remove arsenic from drinking water using a continuous flow phytofiltration system. Over the course of a 3-month demonstration period, the system consistently produced water having an arsenic concentration less than the detection limit of 2 microgL(-1), at flow rates as high as 1900 L day(-1) for a total treated water volume of approximately 60,000 L. Our results demonstrate that phytofiltration provides the basis for a solar-powered hydroponic technique to enable small-scale cleanup of arsenic-contaminated drinking water.

Arsenic↗
PubMed1989

Mesangiopathic glomerulonephritis in Zuni (New Mexico) Indians.

Zuni is a Pueblo Indian village having more than a sixfold greater incidence of nondiabetic end-stage renal disease than the rest of the United States. Renal biopsy specimens from 44 patients with nondiabetic renal disease were subdivided into two groups. In group 1, 21 patients with asymptomatic microscopic hematuria revealed a mild mesangiopathic glomerulonephritis in 18 cases. The predominantly staining immunoglobulin was IgM in ten specimens and IgA in eight specimens. In group 2, 23 patients with symptomatic renal disease presented with nephrotic range proteinuria (11), renal insufficiency (eight), and hypertension (four). A mesangiopathic glomerulonephritis was diagnosed in 16 cases, and in 11 was IgA predominant. Three cases of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis occurred in group 2. Five cases revealed focal glomerulosclerosis without immune deposits (three in group 1 and two in group 2). More than half (57%) of the patients undergoing biopsy were related. Cases of symptomatic nondiabetic renal disease showed a significant tendency to cluster among the members of four families, suggesting a hereditary influence in the pathogenesis of immune-mediated glomerulonephritis in the Zuni.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Modeling solute diffusion in the presence of pore-scale heterogeneity: method development and an application to the Culebra dolomite member of the Rustler Formation, New Mexico, USA.

Previous studies have revealed the presence of pore-scale variability in diffusivity in the Culebra (dolomite) member of the Rustler Formation, NM. In this study, eight laboratory-scale diffusion experiments on five Culebra samples were analyzed using a methodology for modeling solute diffusion through porous media in the presence of multiple matrix diffusivities, Dp. A lognormal distribution of Dp is assumed within each of the lab samples. The estimated standard deviation (sigma d) of ln(Dp) within each sample ranges from 0 to 1, with most values lying between 0.5 and 1. The variability over all samples leads to a combined sigma d in the range of 1.0-1.2, which is consistent with the distribution of independently determined formation factor measurements for similar Culebra samples. A comparison of our estimation results to other rock properties suggests that, at the lab-scale, the geometric mean of Dp increases with bulk porosity and the quantity of macroscopic features such as vugs and fractures. However, sigma d appears to be determined by variability within such macroscopic features and/or by micropore-scale heterogeneity. In addition, comparison of these experiments to those at larger spatial scales suggests that increasing sample volume results in an increase in sigma d.

Calcium Carbonate↗