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At least 649 records · Page 36Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Physiological and hygienic characteristics of working conditions in the copper and nickel-processing industry].

Basing on complex physiological and hygienic studies, the contributors propose an assessment of the work load of those engaged in the major professions in copper and nickel metallurgy. The results of the study revealed a significant functional overstrain in workers, which resulted from manual labour overload, unfavourable microclimate conditions (hot in summer and cold in winter), along with a set of hazardous factors (dusts, toxic gases, etc). A set of health-related measures was proposed.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Hygienic characteristics of working conditions and health status of workers in animal feed-processing industry].

Studies of mixed folder processing labour conditions revealed a set of unfavourable occupational factors, including poor microclimate, high level dust discharge and bacterial contamination in the air. The major health disorders among the workers engaged therein include upper respiratory and bronchopulmonary, locomotor system and perypheral NS and skin diseases.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
PubMed1990

[Hygienic aspects of the production of asbestos substitutes].

Due to the high level aggressiveness of asbestos, more attempts have been made in the recent years to replace asbestos by other artificial mineral fibres. In this connection, the labour conditions were studied in the basalt and carbon fibres processing sites. The major occupational hazards of these sites included basalt and carbon fibres dusts, heating microclimate in some working zones and physical overload. An intratracheal experiment revealed a lower degree of fibrinogenicity of the basalt and carbon fibres as compared to chrysotile asbestos. The number of the induced mesothelioma in the intraperitoneal introduction of basalt and carbon fibres was markedly lower than in case with chrysotile asbestos. Hygienically, asbestos should be replaced wherever possible, and the dust control measures should by no means be inferior to those with asbestos.

Asbestos↗
PubMed1990

[The hygienic characteristics of the working conditions on moving machinery in crop raising].

Data are reported on the hygienic characteristics of working conditions of machine operators of the main types of agricultural works on moving machines and transport. The main unfavourable factors were air dust, noise, vibration and microclimate. The levels of these factors depended on the types of tractors, kinds of work and season of the year. Prophylactic measures are discussed.

Agricultural Workers' Diseases↗
PubMed1990

[Studies on the health standard for room temperature in cold regions].

The microclimate of 205 rooms of single storey houses in four new rural residential districts in coastal and inland Shandong was monitored and studied the blood circulation of the finger, skin temperature, sweating function and other physiological indexes among 2,401 peasants. We interrogated their personal sensation to cold and warmth. The count was done by the application of thermal equilibrium index (TEI), predicted 4-hour Sweat Rate (P4SR) and the uncomfortable index. The standard room temperature is recommended as follows. In rural area in winter the appropriate room temperature is 14-16 degrees C, the comfortable room temperature is 16-20 degrees C, the lowest room temperature must not be below 14 degrees C. In summer the appropriate room temperature is 25-28 degrees C, the comfortable room temperature is 26-27 degrees C, the highest temperature must not be above 28 degrees C.

Fingers↗
PubMed1990

[Main ways of improving occupational health in manufacturing of aluminum powder products].

Aluminium metal high-disperse dust presents a major health-affecting factor in aluminium powder metallurgy. Therefore, labour conditions improvement in the industry should be aimed at aluminium metal dust discharge and manual labour decrease along with occupational microclimate optimization. The article gives a detailed description of major labour conditions improvement measures, which include modernization of the technological processes and equipment with due account of the occupational hygiene priorities.

Aluminum↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Multiyear ecologic faunistic research on Culicidae in Dnepropetrovsk Province. 1].

Hydrologic characteristic of Dnepropetrovsk, which is situated in drought steppe zone, is presented. Comparative study of bloodsucking mosquito fauna in 4 regions of the town with different urbanization degree was carried out. The fauna in a town differs considerably from natural biotopes. Penetration of forest-steppe and forest mosquitoes into town is explained by the features of the microclimate and hydrologic status of the town. Active season of some species lasts longer in town conditions. Higher density of mosquito larvae is marked in town ponds. The poorest fauna is in regions with dense construction (1st degree of urbanization as stated by WHO), where Culex pipiens molestus dominate. In a region with park-forest plantations (2nd degree of urbanization) Aedes cantans, usual for forest zone, dominate.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Body vitamin allowance of vegetable growers working on sheltered soil].

The providing of hothouse workers with vitamins B1, B2, B6, PP, C and E was comprehensively evaluated basing on the study of their actual nutrition and biochemical parameters of their vitamin status--daily excretion of vitamins and their metabolites with urine, vitamin concentration in the blood serum and activity of erythrocytic vitamin-dependent enzymes with calculation of their activation coefficients. Multiple hypovitaminosis detected in the vegetable growers working in hothouses who received normal amounts of these essential nutrients with food, as well as the relationship noted between the vitamin-providing level and the length of working in the hothouse, evidence a possible influence of the occupational factors--the character of work attended by the action of toxic chemical compounds under conditions of the hothouse microclimate. Further investigations should be conducted to determine the vitamin requirements of hothouse workers.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[The hospital environment as a hygienic problem].

The hospital environment, studied according to the parameters of microclimate, natural and artificial lighting and acoustic regime, is a factor with an effect on the disposition and healing process. Concrete data are presented, suggesting some failures in the micro-climate kept in the hospital premises studied and substantial unfavourable discrepancies in the existing standardization and the present conditions of stay. The artificial illumination is considerably diminished--20-70 lx, at a norm of 300 lx. The windows proved to be unnecessarily large, guaranteeing increased penetration of natural light but hence - creating conditions for overheating (cooling resp.) - at at a norm 1:5 to 1:4, the established light coefficient is 1:3 up to 1:2. The acoustic regime showed also some great deviations towards the increase of noise levels - at a norm of 35 dB A, the established levels are within the limits of 38 to 72 dB A. The hospital environment is obvious to need some changes that would have a favourable effect only with a strict adherence to the hygienic standardization in the course of design and building.

Environment, Controlled↗
PubMed1979

[Respiratory tract diseases in coal miners. I. Pneumoconiosis].

In two mines, "A"--in Lower Silesia with low, inclined coal seam and lesser degree of output mechanization and "B"--in the Silesia-Dabrowa Basin with high coal seams and a great degree of output mechanization), work conditions were examined (dust concentration, chemical composition of dust, and microclimate) and medical examinations of underground miners were done. The examinations involved: mine "A"--2094 miners, mine "B"--1846 miners. The two examined populations were almost identical as regards age and length of employment. The number of miners working in bad conditions in the "A" mine was twice as great as that of miners working in bad conditions in the "B" mine. In dust collected on work--stands in the "A" mine the amount of copper, chromium and vanadium was 3 times that in the "B" mine and in the "A" mine approximately 40% more nickel was found in the dust than in the "B" mine. Average dust concentration on work stands was 10 times greater in the "B" mine than in the "A" mine. The rate of pneumoconiosis was on average 3.7% in both populations, in the "A" mine--6.2% and in the "B" mine--0.8%. In currently working miners no nodular changes, like PMF, were found. The rate of pneumoconiosis significantly varied with the length of employment. In 71.7% miners changes in EKG were found, in the "B" mine the number of those with changes being about 10% greater than in those in the "A" mine. In miners from the "A" mine, mostly changes in conduction (17.1%) were found; in the "B" mine these changes were twice less frequent.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Applicability of methods for determining air velocity in livestock buildings].

Comparative studies were carried out on the applicability of the katathermometers, mechanical anemometers, and the thermoelectric anemometer type TEA-4, devised by the authors and introduced into practice, for determining the velocity of air in livestock buildings. TEA-4 proved more perspective for measurements in animal breedings as it makes possible a continuous automatic control on air velocity. This, in turn, renders it feasible to follow up the day-and-night and the seasonal dynamics of this microclimate factors. By preciseness and exploitation dependability TEA-4 has proved superior to katathermometers and mechanical anemometers. Its adoption into practice has made it possible to shorten the time of measurement.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Hygienic and physiological evaluation of modern large-panel housing].

The microclimate in the flat rooms of large-panel houses and the physiological reactions of the organism are studied. A hygienic assay of the modern home is made on the basis of analysis of the results obtained. Large-panel housing creates conditions exerting a negative effect from hygienic points of view on the physical components of the environment, and on the physiological state of the organism. Thus, the drawbacks of large-panel houses as compared to monolithic (solid) houses is explained. The physiological reactions of the organism, at variable air temperature, and the same reactions recorded in comfortable self-confidence bring on a statistically proved coincidence, and thereby determine 20-22 degrees temperature of the air as a comfortable zone, 21 degrees temperature of the air and vt/m2 negative body radiation as normal values in the living rooms during the heating season.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Diagnostic significance of immunoglobulins in infectious allergic bronchial asthma].

In 100 patients with infectious allergic bronchial asthma the levels of IgM. IgG and IgA were determined by Mancini's method and the levels of IgE, tissue and microbial antibodies by the Prausnitz - Küstner test before and after combined treatment carried out under conditions of the microclimate of the salt mines in the village of Solotvino. The data on the content of immunoglobulins in the blood serum allowed the authors to establish 3 types of immediate hypersensitivity. THe decreased content of IgM in the blood serum indirectly revealed the role of immune complexes in the pathogenesis of infectious allergic bronchial asthma. The high content of IgE suggested that atopy could take some part in the infectious process.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
PubMed1983

[Air pollution and prevalence of nonspecific respiratory diseases in childhood].

The difficulties of defining chronic nonspecific lung diseases (CNSLD) and covering patients with these diseases are discussed. The comparison of the results of epidemiologic investigation from different investigators is full of problems. In extensive epidemiologic investigations a remarkable parallelism was found between the prevalence of CNSLD and the degree of air pollution. Furthermore the influence of climatic factors such as average annual temperature, air humidity, wind velocity, especially in reference to the content of SO2 and sedimentation dust could be stated. For the influence of microclimate on the morbidity rate the habits of smoking in the family and heating were found to be important.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Combined effect of physical factors in the work environment].

Usually several noxious physical factors of the environment are established under working conditions. The literature data suggest the possible synergetic effect of some of those factors. No criteria exist so far for the prognostication of the effect from the combined activity of the physical factors. All norm documents are based on the data from their isolated effect. Many studies on the combined effect of the most frequently found unfavourably acting physical factors were carried out during the last several years: vibration and noise, local vibration and cooling microclimate, noise and high air temperature, and recently--radiofrequent electromagnetic fields and noise. The alterations in organism were followed up, both under laboratory conditions and at-work experiments, by physiological (peripheral vascular tone, skin thermometry, vibrosensitivity, audiometry, peripheral vision) and by some immunological indices. Some data are presented in the paper, outlining the character of the combined effect of two or more on-the-job physical factors, some mechanisms of affection as well as recommendations for their complex assessment.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Industrial hygiene studies in the production of various fibers and plastics].

The results from the labour-hygienic and clinical laboratory studies on working environment and workers engaged in production of polyamide (PAS) and polyacrylnitrile fibres (PAN) are summed up as well as in the production and processing of polyvinylchloride resin, polyurethan, polysterene and glass fibre laminates. The main deleterious factors in those productions are the chemical ones: caprolactam, acrylonitrile,tolyl diisocyanate, vinylchloride, styrene, etc. Noise and microclimate are the other unfavourable on-the-job factors. The concentrations of the toxic substances in the air of the working environment are pointed to be far over MAC, in spite of the new plants. Experiments are reported aiming at the determination of the real exposure of the workers - via individual sample collecting and elaboration of BMAC. The measures for the improvement of the conditions of the working environment in the production of synthetic fibres and plastics are summed up as well as the reduction of occupation risk of the workers.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
PubMed1983

[Evaluation of health hazards of workers of the textile industry working in contact with latex substances on the acrylic compound base].

The paper is aimed at quantitative and qualitative determination of acrylic compounds that may occur in air at the "Lentex" Plant in Lubliniec, along with microclimate parameters measurements. The initial method was that of the Polish Standard PN-78/z-04113, which was subsequently modified. Pursuant to this standard, acrylic compounds were determined by gas chromatography with new column pack and changed parameters of gas chromatograph. The conditions of acrylic esters and acrylonitrile separation on column with LAC-1R-296 phase were considered the best and were used for quantitative and qualitative estimation. The investigations were carried out at workstations, basing on the production stage. The obtained results of identified acrylates concentrations are indicative of a very little content of those compounds in workstations air, implying that those workstations are safe in respect of chemical risk to workers. Certain deviations from mandatory standards were exhibited by almost all microclimatic parameters which might result in workers' worse general feeling.

Acrylates↗
PubMed1981

[Value of complex methods of evaluating microclimatic conditions].

The authors have checked the correctness and accuracy of the total index of microclimate evaluation, using an analog calculator to process the measurements. Information on the measurements of climate was analysed basing on the total index of climate evaluation qtr, Predicted -- 4 -- Hour -- Sweat -- Rate P4SR, Index of Thermal Stress ITS, Wet Bulb Globe Temperature WBGT, Globe -- Temperature tg, Heat Stress Index HSI, Humid Operative Temperature toH and Effective Temperature ET. In addition, under standard conditions, with differentiated degree of physical effort, the following physiological parameters have been determined in 37 subjects: heart rate, internal body temperature, skin temperature and sweat loss. The obtained data have undergone regression and correlation analysis, stating, among others, that the index of climate evaluation qtr and P4SR -- Index correlate best with all physiological parameters.

Body Temperature↗