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PubMed2001

Issues and opportunities in public health informatics: a panel discussion.

A panel was convened at the American Medical Informatics Association Spring Congress to discuss issues and opportunities that arise when informatics methods, theories, and applications are applied to public health functions. Panelists provided examples of applications that connect efforts between public health and clinical care, emphasizing the need for integration of clinical data with public health data and the analysis of those data to support surveillance and informed decision making. Benefits to be gained by both medical informatics and public health at the interface were evident; both encounter the same major issues including privacy, systems integration, standards, and many more.

Congresses as Topic↗
PubMed1994

[Informatics education in undergraduate study at the 1st Medical School of Charles University].

History of medical informatics at the 1st Medical Faculty goes to 25 years back. Currently curriculum is divided in two parts. In the first year of studies and obligatory course of computer technique is organized including: computer functions, communications with computers, database systems and text editors. In the 4th year of studies a course in clinical informatics is realized including: principles of computer science, statistical software, artificial intelligence, computer in pedagogy, scientific information, classification in medicine, biological signal and picture analysis, hospital information systems, computer in outpatient ward, clinical decision support, computer simulation in clinical medicine, computers in pharmacology, computer in metabolic care, computers in medical devices. In this way medical students are prepared to be able to use technical means in scientific information management.

Czech Republic↗
PubMed1995

[Informatics in medical schools and postgraduate education centers for health professionals. Survey on the situation in Spain].

BACKGROUND: Informatics is acquiring an increasing relevance in the medical profession. METHODS: During the year 1993, a survey was carried out at the medical schools (MS) and postgraduate education centres (PEC) in Epidemiology, Public Health and Health Administration of Spain, on the available computer infrastructure and the teaching activities. The percentages of respondents were 81 at the MS and 100 at the PEC. RESULTS: 81% of the MS and 100% of the PEC had a computer laboratory, mainly equipped with personal computers with MS-DOS operating system. The use of general purpose applications was predominant. The number of students using the computer laboratory was very variable (5-300 per day). 48% of the MS organized courses on microcomputer applications. 66% of the MS included subjects related with informatics in the new curricula. CONCLUSIONS: Use of computers in the Spanish MS is heterogeneous. Compared with the Nord-American MS, they do not usually use applications of computer-assisted-instruction. The use of the computers at the PEC is much more generalized.

Curriculum↗
PubMed2006

Assessing information technologies for health.

OBJECTIVES: To provide an editorial introduction to the 2006 IMIA Yearbook of Medical Informatics with an overview of its contents and contributors. METHODS: A brief overview of the main theme of 'Assessing Information Technology for Health Care', and an outline of the purposes, readership, contents, new format, and acknowledgment of contributions for the 2006 IMIA Yearbook. RESULTS: Assessing information technology (IT) in biomedicine and health care is emphasized in a number of survey and review articles. Synopses of a selection of best papers for the past 12 months are included, as are original papers on the history of medical informatics by pioneers in the field, and selected research and education programs. Information about IMIA and its constituent societies is given, as well as the authors, reviewers, and advisors to the Yearbook. CONCLUSIONS: The 2006 IMIA Yearbook of Medical Informatics highlights as its theme one of the most significant yet difficult aspects of information technology in health: the assessment of IT as part of the complex enterprise of biomedical research and practice. It is being published in a new format with a wide range of original survey and review articles.

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMed1999

The future of health informatics.

Whatever a future vision for health informatics entails, it must take into account the evolving nature of the field, a growing trend towards primary and preventive care and the explosive growth in global networking as exemplified by the Internet. While, historically, storage and retrieval of data has been the main target for information systems development, the need to capture knowledge itself is becoming the focus for development. In parallel, education in health informatics for tomorrow's healthcare professionals is now essential. The Asia Pacific Association for Medical Informatics (APAMI) is a regional group of the International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA). While the newest of the IMIA regional organizations, its growth and activities in the Asia Pacific region aim to advance health informatics. Its triennial conferences act as a means of promoting and monitoring the growth of our field in this region, APAMI itself is a part of the future of health informatics.

Asia↗
PubMed1998

The university training programs in Austria.

A description is given of Austria's currently operational framework of training opportunities and post-doctoral courses in Medical Informatics. The description includes a brief outline of the currently valid curriculum in informatics and the methods on how to specialise in medical informatics within this framework.

Austria↗
PubMed2005

Ontology integration: experience with medical terminologies.

To build a common controlled vocabulary is a formidable challenge in medical informatics. Due to vast scale and multiplicity in interpretation of medical data, it is natural to face overlapping terminologies in the process of practicing medical informatics [A. Rector, Clinical terminology: why is it so hard? Methods Inf. Med. 38 (1999) 239-252]. A major concern lies in the integration of seemingly overlapping terminologies in the medical domain and this issue has not been well addressed. In this paper, we describe a novel approach for medical ontology integration that relies on the theory of Algorithmic Semantic Refinement we previously developed. Our approach simplifies the task of matching pairs of corresponding concepts derived from a pair of ontologies, which is vital to terminology mapping. A formal theory and algorithm for our approach have been devised and the application of this method to two medical terminologies has been developed. The result of our work is an integrated medical terminology and a methodology and implementation ready to use for other ontology integration tasks.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2000

Thoughts about curricula in health informatics.

In this contribution it is argued that it is difficult to talk of medical informatics education since the groups that need education in this field are not very homogeneous. Also these groups overlap. WG 1 of IMIA is in the process of producing recommendations for curricula in medical informatics. The target groups are defined by their career type, which is categorised using three axes: discipline, stage of career and level of expertise. An example is given of the knowledge requirements for medical students.

Career Choice↗
PubMed2004

Computer science education for medical informaticians.

The core curriculum in the education of medical informaticians remains a topic of concern and discussion. This paper reports on a survey of medical informaticians with Master's level credentials that asked about computer science (CS) topics or skills that they need in their employment. All subjects were graduates or "near-graduates" of a single medical informatics Master's program that they entered with widely varying educational backgrounds. The survey instrument was validated for face and content validity prior to use. All survey items were rated as having some degree of importance in the work of these professionals, with retrieval and analysis of data from databases, database design and web technologies deemed most important. Least important were networking skills and object-oriented design and concepts. These results are consistent with other work done in the field and suggest that strong emphasis on technical skills, particularly databases, data analysis, web technologies, computer programming and general computer science are part of the core curriculum for medical informatics.

Curriculum↗
PubMed2000

Retooling practitioners in the information age.

For "retooling" one needs two components: new hardware and new skills. "Hardware" in the Medical Informatics environment includes not only hardware in a narrow definition, but operating and application software, network services, security services etc. Since the sixties, Medical Informatics has slowly moved from fighting computer hardware to fighting the complexity of application software and its installation. Thus the hardware part in the retooling process has changed but did not decrease in importance. Retooling medical professionals also means retraining of professionals--often a major investment. Regarding the necessary skills, we have to adapt existing medical curricula and continuous medical education (CME). So far, these have not successfully been adjusted to the retooling needs. The international community has to address these matters, specifically in the context of medical curriculum and CME.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

An inventory of evaluation studies of information technology in health care: trends in evaluation research 1982-2002.

During the last years the significance of evaluation studies as well as the interest in adequate methods and approaches for evaluation has grown in medical informatics. In order to put this discussion into the historical context of evaluation research, we conducted a systematic overview on trends in evaluation research of information technology in health care 1982-2002. The inventory is based on a systematic literature search in PubMed. Each of the found 1.035 papers from 1982-2002 was indexed based on a taxonomy coding type of information system, clinical domain, research strategy, evaluation methods, setting and evaluation aspects. We found interesting developments in evaluation research in the last 20 years. For example, their has been a strong shift from medical journals to medical informatics journals. With regard to methods, explanative research and quantitative methods have dominated evaluation studies in the last 20 years. From 1982 to today, the number of lab studies and technical evaluation aspects has declined, while studies focusing on process quality or outcome quality of patient care have increased. Based on our results, we are inclined to talk of a kind of maturation of evaluation studies in medical informatics research.

Bibliometrics↗
PubMed1991

Broadening our approach to evaluating medical information systems.

Evaluation in medical informatics tends to follow the paradigm of controlled clinical trials. This model carries with it a number of assumptions whose implications for medical informatics deserve examination. In this paper, we describe the conventional wisdom on evaluation, pointing out some of its underlying assumptions and suggesting that these assumptions are problematic when applied to some aspects of evaluation. In particular, we believe that these assumptions contribute to the problem of user acceptance. We then suggest a broader approach to evaluation, offering some conceptual and methodological distinctions that we believe will be of use to the medical informatics community in rethinking this issue.

Bias↗
PubMed2005

An inventory of evaluation studies of information technology in health care trends in evaluation research 1982-2002.

OBJECTIVES: During the last years the significance of evaluation studies as well as the interest in adequate methods and approaches for evaluation has grown in medical informatics. In order to put this discussion into historical perspective of evaluation research, we conducted a systematic review on trends in evaluation research of information technology in health care from 1982 to 2002. METHODS: The inventory is based on a systematic literature search in PubMed. Abstracts were included when they described an evaluation study of a computer-based component in health care. We identified 1035 papers from 1982 to 2002 and indexed them based on a multi-axial classification describing type of information system, study location, evaluation strategy, evaluation methods, evaluation setting, and evaluation focus. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: We found interesting developments in evaluation research in the last 20 years. For example, there has been a strong shift from medical journals to medical informatics journals. With regard to methods, explanatory research and quantitative methods have dominated evaluation studies in the last 20 years. Since 1982, the number of lab studies and technical evaluation studies has declined, while the number of studies focusing on the influence of information technology on quality of care processes or outcome of patient care has increased. We interpret this shift as a sign of maturation of evaluation research in medical informatics.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1993

A proposed standard for registration of coding schemes.

This paper describes a proposed European standard for the Registration of Coding Schemes used in electronic healthcare information exchange. The requirements for such a standard are outlined together with the manner in which the work to meet these requirements has been carried out. The paper includes a summary of the main points contained in the proposed standard and in the supporting documents delivered by the project team. The paper concludes with a report on the progress of this proposal towards acceptance as a standard and a brief comment on how it may influence other work in medical informatics standardisation.

Electronic Data Processing↗
PubMed1995

Computing education of medical students through a study of hospital and clinical activities: seven years' experience.

With the widespread use of information technology (IT) in health care, the need to teach computing to doctors and medical students has become increasingly apparent. This paper describes a course for medical students immediately before their clinical training; it lasts one semester and was first introduced in 1987 at St. George's Hospital Medical School, London. It is generally accepted that the present curriculum leaves little opportunity for the introduction of new subjects. This paper therefore describes the content of an elective in computing and the reactions of medical students to it. It is intended that this paper will help other educationalists who may obtain insights and consequently be able to negotiate medical informatics changes into their medical school environments.

Computer Literacy↗
PubMed1994

Can health/medical informatics be regarded as a separate discipline?

The participants of the panel on education and training in Medical Informatics, concurred that health/medical informatics is today thriving as a separate discipline, despite inevitable uncertainties regarding the future. Conferees discussed the distinctions between physician-built systems and those designed by medical informaticians, focusing on methodology as critical to medical informatics.

Medical Informatics↗
PubMed2004

Fifteen years medical information sciences: the Amsterdam curriculum.

OBJECTIVES: To inform the medical informatics community on the rational, goals, evolution and present contents of the Medical Information Sciences program of the University of Amsterdam and our achievements. METHODS: We elaborate on the history of our program, the philosophy, contents and organizational structure of the present-day curriculum. Besides, we describe the various didactic approaches in the program and the rational for these. Finally, we analyze the contents of our program in respect to the IMIA recommendations for dedicated programs in health and medical informatics. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Since its foundation in 1987, the program has undergone several major modifications. From a degree program following medical school it developed into a full-fledged, dedicated 4-year program on medical information sciences training high-school graduates for a master degree. The curriculum has been based from its outset within the University of Amsterdam-Faculty of Medicine. This organizational structure leaves ample opportunity for integration of the informatics-oriented components with the medical and health care-oriented components in the program. Student-centered approaches are heavily employed in the program, emphasizing students' critical appraisal and a style of life-long learning. Overall, our program follows the IMIA recommendations with slightly more focus on medicine and health care organization.

Education, Graduate↗
PubMed2002

Education in health and nursing informatics.

This chapter focused on some of the key issues of Health and Nursing Informatics Education. First an historical overview of Health and Nursing Informatics Education is presented. We also describe briefly the activities in the domain of Nursing Informatics Education across Europe. The Special Projects for Health and Nursing Informatics in Europe are presented. Because of the variety of educational systems, the International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA) felt the need to develop international recommendations in health and medical informatics education. From a nursing informatics perspective, the IMIA recommendations in Nursing Informatics Education are discussed.

Curriculum↗