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At least 649 records · Page 36Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Practicable approaches to targeted comparative mapping of rat chromosome regions: linkage mapping of five genes on rat chromosome 13.

We demonstrate feasible approaches to comparative mapping between the region near the renin locus on rat chromosome 13 and human chromosome 1q by assigning five additional genes as anchor loci. Base-substitution polymorphisms were sought in the 3'- and/or 5'-untranslated regions for subsequent development of PCR-amplified markers, which, in turn, could be used for either restriction fragment analysis or allele-specific PCR.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

cDNA cloning, expression and chromosome mapping of the human STAT4 gene: both STAT4 and STAT1 genes are mapped to 2q32.2-->q32.3.

Studies of transcriptional activation by interferons and a variety of cytokines have led to the identification of a family of proteins that serve as signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT). STAT4 is phosphorylated following interleukin (IL)-12 stimulation and is essential for IL-12 signal transduction. The human STAT4 cDNA was cloned, and both STAT4 and STAT1 genes were mapped to human chromosome bands 2q32.2-->q32.3 by fluorescence in situ hybridization. These results suggest that STAT4 and STAT1 may have arisen via a tandem gene duplication. However, human STAT1 is expressed ubiquitously, whereas human STAT4 is expressed in several tissues including spleen, heart, brain, peripheral blood cells, and testis.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed2005

Identification of candidate genes for drought stress tolerance in rice by the integration of a genetic (QTL) map with the rice genome physical map.

Genetic improvement for drought stress tolerance in rice involves the quantitative nature of the trait, which reflects the additive effects of several genetic loci throughout the genome. Yield components and related traits under stressed and well-water conditions were assayed in mapping populations derived from crosses of AzucenaxIR64 and AzucenaxBala. To find the candidate rice genes underlying Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) in these populations, we conducted in silico analysis of a candidate region flanked by the genetic markers RM212 and RM319 on chromosome 1, proximal to the semi-dwarf (sd1) locus. A total of 175 annotated genes were identified from this region. These included 48 genes annotated by functional homology to known genes, 23 pseudogenes, 24 ab initio predicted genes supported by an alignment match to an EST (Expressed sequence tag) of unknown function, and 80 hypothetical genes predicted solely by ab initio means. Among these, 16 candidate genes could potentially be involved in drought stress response.

Disasters↗
PubMed1998

Mapping image data to stereotaxic spaces: applications to brain mapping.

A methodology for spatial normalization of image data is presented. This methodology is based on a map between homologous features of an individual brain and the target brain, which is used to drive a three-dimensional elastic warping transformation. Functional or structural information present in the original, nonnormalized images is preserved during this transformation. In particular, information such as the volume or the total amount of a radioactive agent in any brain region can be calculated directly from the normalized images. Moreover, subtle morphological characteristics of an individual brain are captured by the properties of the spatial transformation applied to that brain. Intersubject or interpopulation comparisons are performed by comparing the corresponding transformations.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1984

Precordial ST-segment mapping: 6. Evaluation of serial changes in ST-segment elevations and QRS complexes of precordial maps and standard ECGs in patients with acute myocardial infarction.

A total of 21 patients, 10 with anterior and 11 with inferior myocardial infarction (MI) had serial precordial 49-lead ECG maps or standard ECGs on admission, and 2, 6, 12, 24 hours, and 7 days thereafter, to evaluate the natural course of ST-segment elevation (index of ischemic injury) and QRS changes (index of necrosis), and their relationship. ECG parameters used included the sum of ST-segment elevations, number of sites showing such changes, the sum of R waves from all leads with ST-segment elevations, and a QRS score of all leads showing ischemic injury on admission. Sums of ST-segment elevations either did not show statistically significant change throughout the study or showed unexplained re-elevation (anterior MI), or completed their downward course in 6 hours (inferior MI). The number of sites showing ST-segment elevations either remained unchanged (inferior MI), or declined at 2 hours without further change. However changes in the sum of R waves or QRS scores were gradual and completed most of their overall course within 24 hours. Decline of sums of R waves correlated well with sums of ST-segment elevations on admission (inferior MI), and the number of sites showing changes (anterior MI). The course of changes in QRS complexes is more reliable than the alterations of ST-segment elevations for the monitoring of evolution of MI. The former, assessed frequently in the first 24 hours, should be useful in the evaluation of therapies for patients with MI.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1988

Physical map and protein gene map of cyanelle DNA from the second known isolate of Cyanophora paradoxa (Kies-strain).

A restriction map of the cyanelle DNA from a different isolate of Cyanophora paradoxa (Kies-strain) was established. The positions of 18 protein genes and the rRNA genes have been located and compared to the positions of these genes from the first isolate of C. paradoxa (Pringsheim-strain). The gene arrangement is absolutely conserved in both cyanelle DNAs. The differences in size (ca. 9 kb) and the unrelatedness in the restriction patterns could be explained by numerous small insertions into intergenic regions of the cyanelle chromosomes.

Cyanobacteria↗
PubMed2006

Ablation of difficult right-sided accessory pathways aided by mapping of tricuspid annular activation using a Halo catheter : Halo-mapping of right sided accessory pathways.

OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate that the use of a 20-pole catheter (Halotrade mark) positioned around the tricuspid valve annulus (TVA) is helpful in rapidly localising right free wall accessory pathways (AP), enhancing catheter stability during ablation, and leading to increased success in ablating these challenging pathways. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Seven consecutive patients who underwent Halo-mapping of right-sided AP were studied. All but one had previously failed ablation. With a Halo catheter deployed at TVA, the accessory pathway location was rapidly identified using the sites of earliest atrial (A) activation during ventricular (V) pacing or orthodromic tachycardia, or earliest V-activation during sinus rhythm or A-pacing were identified. The stability of the ablation catheter was guided fluoroscopically (with reference to the stationary Halo), and electrically (contact artefact between the ablation catheter and Halo poles). RESULTS: AP locations were identified by the Halo (anterior in one patient, antero-lateral in one, lateral in two, and postero-lateral in three) where similar local VA/AV intervals were recorded at both the ablation catheter and Halo bipoles recording the shortest VA/AV intervals (four of seven patients), contact artefact between the ablation catheter and those Halo bipoles was seen (six of seven patients), or both (three of seven patients). All APs were ablated successfully after a mean RF duration of 5+/-2 min, and 25+/-17 min post Halo deployment without clinical recurrence at 12+/-4 months follow-up. CONCLUSION: A Halo positioned at the TVA can ease the localisation of right-sided AP, facilitate catheter stability during ablation, and guides successful ablation.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Growth factor-stimulated MAP kinase induces rapid retrophosphorylation and inhibition of MAP kinase kinase (MEK1).

The MAP kinase module (Raf/MAPKKK-MAPKK-MAPK) has been shown to be sequentially activated after mitogenic stimulation. Here we demonstrate, by site directed mutagenesis, that MAPK is able to retrophosphorylate its own activator, MAPKK, on two threonine residues Thr-292 and Thr-386 in vitro, and that these sites are also phosphorylated in vivo. A comparison of the kinetics of serum-mediated activation of a wild-type MAPKK and of a mutant unable to undergo phosphorylation by MAPK suggests that this retrophosphorylation may be involved in a negative feedback control of the cascade in vivo.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Up-regulation of ERK (MAP kinase) and MEK (MAP kinase kinase) transcription after rat facial nerve transection.

Up-regulation of ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase or MAP kinase) and MEK (ERK kinase or MAPK kinase) expression after rat facial nerve injury was demonstrated by in situ hybridization histochemistry and immunohistochemistry. These two enzymes play roles in one of the major intracellular signal cascade pathways involving receptor tyrosine kinase common to growth factor receptors, and transcription factors. Significant increases in ERK1 mRNA levels were observed from day 3 after facial nerve transection, with the highest level of expression from 1 to 2 weeks after the operation. This high level of mRNA expression then decreased gradually to the normal level. ERK1-like immunoreactivity showed a similar time course to that of its mRNA expression; however, the decay profile was more prolonged. The up-regulation of MEK, the ERK kinase/MAPK kinase, was also detected by immunohistochemistry. The protein expression profiles were almost equivalent, but the MEK expression was slightly advanced, suggesting that the observed up-regulation of MEK was not due to that of ERK. The receptor tyrosine kinase signal transduction pathway via MEK-ERK located downstream of growth factor receptors seems vital as a regulator of the synthesis of molecules that play important roles in the recovery process following injury or/and regeneration.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Organotropism of latent herpes simplex virus type 1 is correlated to the presence of a 1.5 kb RNA transcript mapped within the BamHI DNA fragment B (0.738 to 0.809 map units).

The transcriptional activity of the DNA sequences within the genome of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) at the coordinates 0.760 to 0.762 and their influence in the process of viral latency were investigated. Seven avirulent HSV-1 strains (HFEM, 1752/2, 1752/3, 1752/11, 1469, 1475, 1618), two virulent wild-type HSV-1 strains (F and 17) and three virulent intratypic HSV-1 recombinant viruses (R19, R26, RM1C1) were screened. The virulent HSV-1 strains colonize the ganglia but the avirulent virus strains are only able to persist in the spleen of infected animals (tree shrews). A 1.5 kb RNA transcript was detectable in all virus strains recovered from the ganglia. This RNA transcript hybridised to the HSV-1 DNA sequences at the genome coordinates 0.760 to 0.762 (BssHII DNA fragment F, part of the BamHI DNA fragment B of HSV-1, 0.738 to 0.809 map units (m.u.]. In contrast it was found that the 1.5 kb RNA transcript was missing or its size was changed in cells infected with those HSV-1 strains which were recovered from the spleens of latently infected animals. The state of viral latency of three defined deletion variants of HSV-1 strain 17 (1704, 1705, and 1706) whose genome harbors deletions (2.2 to 5.3 kb) comprising the DNA sequences of the particular region (0.760 to 0.762 m.u.) was investigated. These studies revealed that all three deletion variants could only be recovered from the spleens of latently infected tree shrews.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Relating coupled map lattices to integro-difference equations: dispersal-driven instabilities in coupled map lattices.

Recently there has been a great deal of interest within the ecological community about the interactions of local populations that are coupled only by dispersal. Models have been developed to consider such scenarios but the theory needed to validate model outcomes has been somewhat lacking. In this paper, we present theory which can be used to understand these types of interaction when population exhibit discrete time dynamics. In particular, we consider a spatial extension to discrete-time models, known as coupled map lattices (CMLs) which are discrete in space. We introduce a general form of the CML and link this to integro-difference equations via a special redistribution kernel. General conditions are then derived for dispersal-driven instabilities. We then apply this theory to two discrete-time models; a predator-prey model and a host-pathogen model.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Fluorescence in situ hybridization mapping of human chromosome 19: mapping and verification of cosmid contigs formed by random restriction enzyme fingerprinting.

Automated restriction enzyme fingerprinting of 7900 cosmids from chromosome 19 and calculation of the likelihood of their overlap based on shared fragments have resulted in the assembly of 743 sets of overlapping cosmids (contigs). We have mapped 22% of the formed contigs (n = 165) and all of the contigs with minimal tiling paths exceeding 6 members (n = 50) to chromosomal bands by fluorescence in situ hybridization using DNA from at least one member cosmid. The estimated average size of the formed contigs is 60-70 kb. Thus, members of a correctly formed contig are expected to lie close to each other in metaphase and interphase chromatin. Therefore, we tested the contig assembly process by comparing the band assignment of two or more members selected from each of 97 contigs. Forty-two of these contigs were further characterized for valid assembly by determining the proximity of members in interphase chromatin. Using these tests, we surveyed a total of 431 joins counted along the minimal tiling path (280 in interphase as well as metaphase) and found 6 erroneous joins, one in each of 6 contigs (6% of tested).

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19↗
PubMed2003

Mapping by waves. Patterned spontaneous activity regulates retinotopic map refinement.

A role for spontaneous spiking activity in shaping neuronal circuits has frequently been debated. Analyses of retinotopy in mutant mice with reduced correlated firing among neighboring retinal cells by Grubb et al. and McLaughlin et al. in this issue of Neuron indicate the importance of patterned spontaneous activity for retinotopic map refinement in subcortical visual targets.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1996

Aligning maps of visual and auditory space. Sensory maps.

Visual and auditory space are represented topographically in the superior colliculus in the midbrain. Recent experiments show that N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors play an important role in aligning auditory and visual maps during development.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

The plant cytoskeleton: recent advances in the study of the plant microtubule-associated proteins MAP-65, MAP-190 and the Xenopus MAP215-like protein, MOR1.

The microtubule cytoskeleton is a dynamic filamentous structure involved in many key processes in plant cell morphogenesis including nuclear and cell division, deposition of cell wall, cell expansion, organelle movement and secretion. The principal microtubule protein is tubulin, which associates to form the wall of the tubule. In addition, various associated proteins bind microtubules either to anchor, cross-link or regulate the microtubule network within cells. Biochemical, molecular biological and genetic approaches are being successfully used to identify these microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) in plants, and we describe recent progress on three of these proteins.

Arabidopsis Proteins↗
PubMed2005

Do humans integrate routes into a cognitive map? Map- versus landmark-based navigation of novel shortcuts.

Do humans integrate experience on specific routes into metric survey knowledge of the environment, or do they depend on a simpler strategy of landmark navigation? The authors tested this question using a novel shortcut paradigm during walking in a virtual environment. The authors find that participants could not take successful shortcuts in a desert world but could do so with dispersed landmarks in a forest. On catch trials, participants were drawn toward the displaced landmarks whether the landmarks were clustered near the target location or along the shortcut route. However, when landmarks appeared unreliable, participants fell back on coarse survey knowledge. Like honeybees (F. C. Dyer, 1991), humans do not appear to derive accurate cognitive maps from path integration to guide navigation but, instead, depend on landmarks when they are available.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

LAND-map, a linearized approach to nonadiabatic dynamics using the mapping formalism.

We present a new approach for calculating quantum time correlation functions for systems whose dynamics exhibits relevant nonadiabatic effects. The method involves partial linearization of the full quantum path-integral expression for the time correlation function written in the nonadiabatic mapping Hamiltonian formalism. Our analysis gives an algorithm which is both numerically efficient and accurate as we demonstrate in test calculations on the spin-boson model where we find results in good agreement with exact calculations. The accuracy of our new approach is comparable to that of calculations performed using other approximate methods over a relatively broad range of model parameters. However, our method converges relatively quickly when compared with most alternative schemes. These findings are very encouraging in view of the application of the new method for studying realistic nonadiabatic model problems in the condensed phase.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1983

Degree of mapping for nonlinear mappings of monotone type.

A classical degree function is constructed for pseudomonotone mappings from a reflexive Banach space to its dual, using Galerkin approximations. This generalizes the Leray-Schauder degree when the Banach space is a Hilbert space and yields a flexible analytical tool for the study of nonlinear elliptic problems of higher order in divergence form.

Journal Article↗