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At least 649 records · Page 36Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Detection of random responding on the MMPI-A.

We examined random responding on the MMPI-A in 106 adolescents from the general population. Participants were asked to report on the frequency, location, and reasons for any random responses occurring during a standard administration of the MMPI-A. Relationships between self-reported random responding and validity indices (F1, F2, F, and Variable Response Inconsistency [VRIN] scale) were examined. In addition, each participant was randomly assigned to 1 of 5 groups, with each group completing an assigned portion (0, 25%, 50%, 75%, or 100%) of an MMPI-A answer sheet without access to the test booklet, and the utility of the validity scales in discriminating standard protocols from all or partially random protocols was investigated. Most adolescents acknowledged one or more random responses correlated significantly with F but not VRIN. Validity scales were sensitive to all or partially random protocols, and produced high classification rates when discriminating among groups.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1997

On the integration of personality assessment methods: the Rorschach and MMPI.

Despite being the most studied and used personality assessment tools, data from the Rorschach and MMPI generally disagree (Archer & Krishnamurthy, 1993a, 1993b). Independence is proposed to result from at least 3 factors: (a) the methods tap unique levels of personality, (b) personality has a complex organization, and (c) response styles generate considerable method variance that must be considered in nomothetic research. These ideas led to 5 hypotheses, each of which received support. Rorschach and MMPI response styles are uncorrelated, although response styles are quite consistent within a method family. MMPI-2 and Rorschach constructs of dysphoria, psychosis, or wariness are uncorrelated when response styles are ignored. However, robust convergent validity is evident when patients have similar response styles on each method (e.g., for dysphoria, M r = .59) and dysphoria is expressed in opposing ways on each method when response styles are discordant (i.e., M r = -.54). Data from the latter analyses were correlated with genuine clinical phenomena and implications were discussed for clinical practice and research.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1997

Reducing MMPI-2 defensiveness: the effect of specialized instructions on retest validity in a job applicant sample.

The MMPI-2 is often used for screening job applicants when public safety or security are at risk. Inherent in such applications is concern for profile validity and test defensiveness. In this study, we examine the impact of revised instructions on profile validity for a group of job applicants who initially produced invalid profiles. Participants were 271 male applicants for airline pilot positions. Of these, 72 produced invalid defensive MMPI-2 profiles during preemployment screening. The MMPI-2 was readministered to these applicants with instructions informing them of validity scales and instructing them to respond in a more open, honest manner. Comparisons were made between valid and invalid profiles for initial administrations and between valid and invalid profiles at readministration. Some clinical scales were more elevated for valid, nondefensive profiles. Most content scales showed more elevation for valid profiles, and 12% of the applicants who were retested produced significant elevations (T>or=65) on the content scales. Profiles were similar to those produced by employed pilots of a previous study.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1983

Effects of opiate withdrawal on MMPI profile scores.

A sample of 200 opiate addicts were given the MMPI either during or after detoxification. Results showed decreases in K and in scores on the MacAndrews Alcoholism Scale; and increases in Hypocondriasis and Hypomania, and on the Wiggins Content Scales of Authority Conflicts, Psychoticism, Poor Health, and Hypomania during detoxification. When adjusted for age effects, Ss still showed significant elevations on Hypocondriasis, Hypomania, and Poor Health. Results are discussed in terms of documenting the specific effects of detox on MMPI profiles and may be construed as a construct validation report on the MMPI itself.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[The psychometric properties of MMPI-2 addiction related supplementary scales on alcoholic patients].

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to investigate criterion-related validity, internal-consistency and diagnostic efficiency statistics of the three MMPI-2 addiction related supplementary scales i.e., MacAndrew Alcoholism Scale (MAC-R), Addiction Potential Scale (APS) and Addiction Acknowledgment Scale (AAS). METHOD: Sixty-nine male chronic alcoholic patients and 51 male healthy control subjects were recruited for the study. All patients satisfied the diagnostic criteria of ICD-10 for alcohol dependence. Alcohol and drug modules of Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (SCAN) were administered to each patient in order to give the diagnosis of alcohol dependency. The lifetime severity of drinking problems was assessed by the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST). RESULTS: The comparison of the MMPI-2 results of the study groups revealed that chronic alcoholic patients had higher scores on MAC-R, APS and AAS. The investigation of the diagnostic efficiency statistics showed that MAC-R and AAS had satisfactory sensitivity and specificity for alcoholic patients. As a measure of internal-consistency, Kuder-Richardson coefficients were found to be satisfactorily high for each scale. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicates that MMPI-2 based MAC-R and AAS scales are effective at differentiating between chronic alcoholic and control subjects. However, low specificity values of APS seemed to be damaging its diagnostic efficiency. Uniformly high Kuder-Richardson coefficients suggest that the items that comprise the MAC-R, APS and AAS are satisfactorily homogenous.

English Abstract↗
PubMed1992

MMPI-2 interpretation of patients with cerebrovascular disease: a correction factor.

The validity of the conventional Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) interpretation as applied to neurologic patients has been increasingly questioned on the grounds of the test's psychiatric normative base and inclusion of items that may be sensitive to bona fide neurologic symptoms. This study used 110 patients with cerebrovascular disease (CVD) to (i) determine whether the 370-item pool of the MMPI-2 (abbreviated form) contains a unitary neurologic symptom factor, and (ii) devise a systematic approach to correct for patient endorsement of such items. Commonly endorsed items that differentiated the CVD sample from a group of normal adults were factor analyzed. Bona fide neurologic complaints (21 items) emerged as the major discriminative source of variance in the 370 MMPI-2 item pool that tends to inflate estimates of psychopathology (Scales 1, 2, 3, and 8), alter profile codes types, and potentially affect decision-making related to the diagnosis and treatment of CVD patients. Recommendations regarding a greater reliance upon content scales and the use of a corrective scoring key are discussed.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2002

Construct validity of the PCSQ as related to the MMPI-2.

The Postconcussion Syndrome Questionnaire (PCSQ) total and factor scores were compared to the primary validity and clinical scales from the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-II (MMPI-2) in an effort to better define the structure of the PCSQ. The sample used was composed of a heterogeneous group of 79 patients referred for clinical neuropsychological evaluation. In reviewing the results, patients with higher PCSQ scores presented with higher clinical elevations on the MMPI-2. In addition, each of the PCSQ factor scores was related to a different pattern of MMPI-2 scales and subscales. The somatic factor was most associated with physical ailments, generalized distress, and social insecurity. In contrast, the psychological factor was related to complaints of dysphoria, brooding, and social connectedness. The cognitive and infrequent factors were related to reports of cognitive changes and unusual sensory experiences, respectively. The data present validation of the multifaceted nature of the PCSQ and its general sensitivity to subjective complaints.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The evaluation of personality disorders among inmates by IPDE and MMPI].

The prevalence of personality disorders in penal population was studied with two instruments, the classic MMPI and the recently published IPDE, authorized by the WHO for the diagnosis of personality disorders in both, DSM-IV and ICD-10 versions. A sample of 56 prisoners from a Spanish prison was studied, mean age 22, all male, 98% of them had never requested psychiatric help. The crimes most frequently committed were related to drug traffic and drug abuse (thefts, robberies, crimes against public health). There were also cases of homicide, homicide attempt, rape and kidnapping. 91% of the studied sample presented one or more personality disorders, being the most frequent: Antisocial (79%), Paranoid (52%) and Borderline (41%). The MMPI scales most frequently obtained were: Psychopathic deviation (59%), Paranoia (46%) and Schizophrenia (41%). There was a good clinical correlation between the IPDE and the MMPI results.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

MMPI-2 critical item norms in chemically dependent inpatients.

The present study investigates the frequency of critical item endorsement for two MMPI-2 critical item sets in a population of inpatients being treated for chemical dependency. Base rates of endorsement in the current study are compared to the results of previous studies using the original MMPI, and relationships between item endorsement and various demographic and diagnostic variables are explored. Implications regarding the utility of critical items in chemically dependent populations are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Ethnic comparability of the MMPI in pain patients.

The MMPI basic validity and clinical scales' patterns of 295 White-, African- and Latino-American pain patients were compared. Mean group differences across ethnic groups on scales L, F, K, Mf, and Si were revealed in multivariate analysis of covariance for females, while differences across ethnic groups on scales F, K, Mf, Sc, Ma, and Si were revealed for males. In the univariate follow-up analyses of covariance, significant main effects were obtained for ethnicity along with education and (occasionally for males) duration of pain. Various high-point, two-point, and other profile patterns were examined and notable gender/ethnic group differences were found. The pattern of intercorrelations of the MMPI scales mean T scores with various demographic and clinical characteristics suggested some notable divergence across subgroups on certain correlates of the pain experience.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1996

Faking the MMPI-2: utility of the Subtle-Obvious scales.

We explored the effect of different subject response sets on the profile configuration of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) and the utility of traditional validity, Back F, and Subtle-Obvious scales in detecting response set. College students were administered the MMPI-2 under one of three response sets; faking good, faking bad, or standard report. Results revealed significant differences across the three response set groups on all clinical, content, validity, obvious, and two of the five subtle scales in the expected direction. Additionally, respondents in the faking conditions produced consistent T-score patterns and significant O-S differences on the Subtle-Obvious scales. Examination of these subtle-obvious patterns may offer clinicians valuable information regarding profile validity beyond that offered by the traditional validity and Back F scales.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

MMPI-2 profiles in traumatic and non-traumatic spinal cord injured patients.

This study investigated the relationship of type of onset of disability to the MMPI-2 profiles of 73 spinal cord patients receiving comprehensive inpatient rehabilitation. Participants were divided into three onset groups: non-traumatic, passive-traumatic, and active-traumatic (active and passive participation in the injury). A 2 x 3 factorial MANOVA (gender and onset) with age as a covariate was performed on the MMPI-2 profiles. A main effect for gender (scales D and MAC-R) was found. The medical and functional impairments common to the onset subtypes suggest a somato-psychic direction in psychological adjustment.

Accidents↗
PubMed1997

Criterion-related diagnostic validity and test-retest reliability of the MMPI-168(L) in mentally retarded adolescents and adults.

Sixty-three persons residing in an institution and diagnosed with mild or moderate mental retardation were assessed with a modification of the MMPI-168. Fifty-one of the residents also had psychiatric disturbances. The residents were divided into three categories on the bases of pre-existing DSM III-R diagnoses. The categories were "psychotic," "executive control dysfunction," and "other-control." Significant differences were observed between the psychotic group and the other-control group on scales F, K, 6, and 8. Reevaluations were conducted four to 22 months later (MDN = 12 months). Significant test-retest reliability was found with scales L, F, K, 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9. The MMPI-168(L) can serve as an objective instrument in the assessment of thought disturbance and personality in mentally retarded persons.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Instructed faking and MMPI-2 response latencies: the potential for assessing response validity.

Differences in Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) response latencies between groups instructed to respond honestly or fake were explored. There were 120 undergraduate students who completed a computer administered MMPI-2 with instructions to either respond honestly, to underreport psychopathology, or to overreport psychopathology. Results showed that subjects required significantly more time to respond in a manner that was inconsistent with their response set when pattern of endorsement (acceptance vs. rejection) was considered and less time when pattern of endorsement was not considered. The differential response of subjects across groups suggests that response latencies are related to response styles and that future research may indicate a methodology for utilizing response latencies in assessing response validity.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1998

Pessimism in the profile: estimating explanatory style from the MMPI.

Regression equations are presented for converting the non-K-corrected raw scores on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) basic scales to an estimated optimism-pessimism score. This score describes an individual's explanatory style on a continuum from optimistic to pessimistic. These equations will enable clinicians and researchers to estimate an optimism-pessimism score if the MMPI item responses are not accessible or if computer scoring facilities for individual items are unavailable.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Areas of convergence and discordance between the MMPI-168 and the Reiss Screen for Maladaptive Behavior in mentally retarded clients.

The Reiss Screen for Maladaptive Behavior and a modified version of the MMPI-168 were administered to 65 residents of a state mental institution diagnosed with mild or moderate mental retardation. Possible associations between the two screening instruments were then examined. Significant correlations were obtained between four scales of the Reiss Screen and Scales F, K, 1, 6, and 7 of the MMPI-168. These results support the clinical efficacy of both instruments in screening for behavioral pathology in mentally retarded persons. However, some scales purported to assess similar psychological constructs failed to show expected positive associations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Mental health outcomes in dually diagnosed individuals with mental retardation assessed with the MMPI-168(L): case studies.

Recently it has been shown that oral administration of the MMPI-168(L), with simplified explanations of the items provided when needed, can reveal information related to personality and psychopathology in many individuals with mental retardation. The results of repeated administrations of the inventory to 7 clients residing in an institutional setting over a period exceeding 3 years in some cases are presented here. It is argued that results obtained by repeated administration the MMPI-168(L) can reveal information concerning changes in mental health status for many individuals with mental retardation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Codetype base rates for the "I Mean Business" suicide items on the MMPI-2.

This study focused on the frequency with which two MMPI-2 suicide items (506 and 520) were endorsed. These two items can be referred to as the "I Mean Business" items, for there is no denying that the client is reporting the recent contemplation of actively taking his or her life. A large sample (N = 23,646) of well-defined MMPI-2 codetypes was examined from the Caldwell (1997) data set. The frequencies with which individuals within a particular codetype endorsed Item 506, Item 520, or both are provided by gender. Results provide information that is consistent with the clinical lore concerning suicidal ideation/intent and codetypes. Unexpected findings are also noted. The implications of these base rates in psychotherapy are discussed from clinical and risk management perspectives.

Adult↗