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PubMed1996

Investigation of skin-derived lymph: an approach to get insight into the skin immune system.

The skin acts as a mechanical, physicochemical and immunological control and defense system, and its lymphatic vessels play a role in the regulation of cell hydration and osmosis, as well as in immunological responses. Skin-derived signals, produced in response to various agents acting on the skin, arrive with the afferent lymph at the regional lymph nodes. These signals reflect the immunological processes in the skin and may also determine the reactions in the lymph node. By analyzing afferent lymph derived from specific skin lesions it should therefore be possible to get insight into local pathomechanisms as well as the signal transmission in skin disorders. In this report, we present methodological aspects of such skin-derived lymph studies and review the results obtained from studies of sodium-lauryl-sulfate-induced irritative contact dermatitis in humans.

Cytokines↗
PubMed2003

Clinical relevance of sialyltransferases ST6GAL-I and ST3GAL-III in gastric cancer.

Aberrant glycosylation of membrane components due to specific alterations of glycosyltransferase activity is a common feature of carcinoma cells and is usually associated with invasion and metastasis. In a prospective study, the enzyme activity of the sialyltransferases ST6GAL-I and ST3GAL-III was studied in gastric cancer and normal mucosa in 55 patients by a radiometric assay. Cellular localization of sialyltransferase ST6GAL-I mRNA expression was studied by in situ hybridization. Sialyltransferase ST6GAL-I mRNA expression was mainly localized to epithelial cells. ST6GAL-I enzyme activity was enhanced within the tumor tissue. Significant correlations were found between the presence of signet ring cells and enhanced ST6GAL-I activity in the tumor tissue (p = 0.047) or in the mucosa (p = 0.024), and between signet ring cells and ST3GAL-III activity in the mucosa (p < 0.001). Multivariate Cox analysis demonstrated that only lymph node metastases (p = 0.044) had a significant influence on tumor-related survival. ST3GAL-III and ST6GAL-I activity showed no independent prognostic relevance in multivariate analysis, but high levels of ST3GAL-III and ST6GAL-I in the tumor tissue correlated with secondary local tumor recurrence (p = 0.005; p = 0.012). Interestingly, also the nonmalignant and uninvolved mucosa of tumor patients was altered on the molecular level and in some cases showed enhanced sialyltransferase levels indicative of the alteration of glycosylation very early during tumorigenesis.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed1989

Improved measurement of androgen receptors in human breast cancer.

Molybdate-stabilized androgen receptors have been quantitated in cytosols derived from 1026 malignant breast tumors including all new cases of primary breast cancer reported in the western region of Norway during the 3-year period 1985-1987. A simple single point saturation assay using the synthetic labeled ligand methyltrienolone was evaluated for this purpose. This approach also allowed the simultaneous determination of estrogen and progesterone receptor from the same cytosol preparation. The cytosol content of albumin was also recorded in order to control for dilution by extracellular proteins. Androgen receptor was the sex hormone receptor most frequently found both in primary and secondary breast cancer. In primary tumors 84.9% (723 of 852) showed a cytosol concentration higher than 10 fmol/mg protein compared to 71.2 and 67.1% for estrogen and progesterone receptors, respectively. This incidence is about 2 times higher than previously reported for androgen receptors in the literature and may be due to the stabilizing effects of molybdate and a serine protease inhibitor on the recovery of active binding sites in cytosol. Cytosol concentration of androgen receptor is generally lower than that of the other sex hormone receptors; the average level was 65.5 fmol/mg cytosol protein compared to 86.8 and 84.7 for estrogen and progesterone receptors, respectively. Both incidence and cytosol concentrations were lower for all sex hormone receptors in soft tissue metastasis than in the primary tumor. This decrease is not likely to be due to differences in tumor cellularity since metastatic tumors appear to be more cellular as judged from a lower cytosol content of extracellular proteins (albumin). No significant differences were observed in any parameter investigated between different metastatic sites (skin, lymph nodes). Androgen receptor levels were strongly correlated to estrogen and progesterone receptor concentration in both primary and secondary cancers. Cytosol androgen receptor concentration increases with age. This increase is more significant in metastatic than in primary tumors. Evidently, tumor cellularity is a confounding factor in primary tumors since tumor cytosols from younger patients showed a higher content of extracellular proteins. Receptor levels in lymph node metastasis did not exhibit age dependence. This may suggest that locally produced factors rather than circulating levels of sex steroids modulate tumor receptor expression. In metastatic tissues androgen receptors are present with twice the frequency of progesterone receptors and one in four of these tumors express androgen receptor as their sole sex hormone receptor. This supports the view that some of the beneficial effects of high dose progestin treatment of advanced breast cancer are mediated through the androgen receptor.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1997

Hepatitis C virus core protein interacts with the cytoplasmic tail of lymphotoxin-beta receptor.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) core protein is a multifunctional protein. We examined whether it can interact with cellular proteins, thus contributing to viral pathogenesis. Using the HCV core protein as a bait to screen a human liver cDNA library in a yeast two-hybrid screening system, we have isolated several positive clones encoding cellular proteins that interact with the HCV core protein. Interestingly, more than half of these clones encode the cytoplasmic domain of lymphotoxin-beta receptor (LT betaR), which is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family. Their binding was confirmed by in vitro glutathione S-transferase fusion protein binding assay and protein-protein blotting assay to be direct and specific. The binding sites were mapped within a 58-amino-acid region of the cytoplasmic tail of LT betaR. The binding site in the HCV core protein was localized within amino acid residues 36 to 91 from the N terminus, corresponding to the hydrophilic region of the protein. In mammalian cells, the core protein was found to be associated with the membrane-bound LT betaR. Since the LT betaR is involved in germinal center formation and developmental regulation of peripheral lymphoid organs, lymph node development, and apoptotic signaling, the binding of HCV core protein to LT betaR suggests the possibility that this viral protein has an immunomodulating function and may explain the mechanism of viral persistence and pathogenesis of HCV.

Binding Sites↗
PubMed1986

Manipulation of graft-versus-host disease for a graft-versus-leukemia effect after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in AKR mice with spontaneous leukemia/lymphoma.

Graft-versus-host (GVH) disease can result in a beneficial graft-versus leukemia (GVL) effect after bone marrow transplantation in patients with malignant disease. In this report, we used bacteria-free AKR (H-2k) mice bearing advanced spontaneous T cell leukemia/lymphoma as a moel to evaluate the GVH and GVL effects of bone marrow transplantation using fully incompatible SJL (H-2s) donors. A therapeutic GVL effect, accompanied by increased leukemia-free survival, was obtained only when 0.5 X 10(6) allogeneic lymphocytes (lymph node cells) were added to the marrow inoculum. Transplantation of allogeneic bone marrow without added lymph node cells (or use of syngeneic cells) resulted in a significant increase in leukemia relapse; increasing the dose of allogeneic lymph node cells to 2.0 X 10(6) resulted in significantly higher GVH-associated mortality. Survival and therapeutic benefits were obtained only when the intensity of the GVH reaction was carefully controlled by manipulation of alloreactive lymphocytes present in the marrow. These results suggest, indirectly, that T cell depletion may abolish any GVL effect of marrow transplantation, even if the donor is mismatched with the host at the major histocompatibility complex. The frequency in the spleen of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) reactive against host alloantigens was estimated using limiting-dilution microcytotoxicity assays at various times after transplantation of allogeneic bone marrow with and without added lymph node cells. The average frequency of CTL was highest in mice that were given marrow plus lymph node cells and tested within the first four weeks after transplantation. The level of CTL activity measured in vitro was dependent on the dose of lymphocytes injected and correlated with both the GVL and GVH effects in vivo. Down-regulation of CTL activity against host, but not third-party, alloantigens in vitro was observed under limiting dilution assay conditions, leading to the suggestion that host-specific regulatory cells may be present in these allogeneic bone marrow chimeras.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Profile of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 circulating levels in gastric cancer patients.

BACKGROUND: Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) has been shown to act as a chemokine in the recruitment of monocyte/macrophages during inflammation states. It acts as an important factor in the cytokine network, which regulates tumor proliferation, whereas the association between serum MCP-1 level and gastric cancer has not yet been clarified. METHODS: The serum concentration of MCP-1 in 76 gastric cancer patients and in 45 normal controls was determined using an immunoradiometric assay. The concentration of MCP-1 in the 47 cancer tissue samples was also determined. RESULTS: The serum concentration of MCP-1 in patients with advanced carcinoma was significantly lower than that in controls. The serum concentration of MCP-1 in patients with advanced carcinoma was significantly lower than that in patients with early carcinoma. The serum concentration of MCP-1 was associated with clinicopathological factors including lymph node metastasis, serosal invasion and histological differentiation of the tumor. In patients who underwent palliative surgery, the serum MCP-1 level significantly decreased postoperatively, whereas in patients who underwent curative surgery the serum MCP-1 level tended to increase. The 4-year survival rate in patients whose serum MCP-1 levels were lower than or equal to the median value was significantly lower than that in patients whose MCP-1 levels were higher than the median value. The tissue concentration of MCP-1 in the cancer tended to decrease in accordance with disease progression. CONCLUSIONS: The serum level of MCP-1 decreased in accord with disease progression, which reflects local consumption in gastric cancer. Serum MCP-1 may be a useful marker that reflects the host's local resistance to the tumor.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Monitoring thyroglobulin in a sensitive immunoassay has comparable sensitivity to recombinant human tsh-stimulated thyroglobulin in follow-up of thyroid cancer patients.

CONTEXT: Most thyroglobulin (Tg) assays have a sensitivity of 0.5-1 ng/ml. A minority of patients with undetectable T4-suppressed Tg levels have a recombinant human TSH (rhTSH)-stimulated Tg above 2 ng/ml and identifiable residual disease. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to determine whether a Tg assay with improved sensitivity could eliminate the need for rhTSH stimulation when baseline Tg is below 0.1 ng/ml. DESIGN: A retrospective study of two academic endocrine practices was conducted. POPULATION: A total of 194 patients undergoing rhTSH stimulation participated in the study. RESULTS: Of the 80 patients with Tg below 0.1 ng/ml, two (2.5%) had rhTSH-stimulated Tg above 2 ng/ml. One other patient with stimulation to 0.3 ng/ml and negative 123I scan had an ultrasound-detected malignant lymph node resected. None had 131I/123I imaging after rhTSH stimulation suggestive of local recurrence or distant metastasis. If T4-suppressed Tg was 0.1-0.5 or 0.6-2.0 ng/ml, rhTSH Tg was above 2 ng/ml in 24.2 and 82.4%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma and a T4-suppressed serum Tg below 0.1 ng/ml rarely have a rhTSH-stimulated Tg above 2 ng/ml, and none of these patients had 131I or 123I imaging after rhTSH stimulation suggestive of local recurrence or distant metastasis. We recommend monitoring such patients with a T4-suppressed Tg level and periodic neck ultrasonography. An increase in T4-suppressed serum Tg to a detectable level or the appearance of abnormal lymph nodes by physical or ultrasound exam should prompt further investigation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Stat5a is tyrosine phosphorylated and nuclear localized in a high proportion of human breast cancers.

Signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) are latent cytoplasmic transcription factors that are activated and translocated into the nucleus after phosphorylation at a conserved tyrosine residue. Mouse model studies have demonstrated that activated Stat5a acts as a critical survival factor for normal, preneoplastic and malignant mammary epithelial cells. Very limited information is available, however, on the expression, tyrosine phosphorylation status and nuclear localization of Stat5a in human breast cancers. In our study, the pattern of Stat5a cellular localization was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in a series of 83 randomly selected primary human breast adenocarcinomas. Immunoprecipitation/Western blotting and immunohistochemistry assays employing different phospho-specific antibodies verified Stat5a tyrosine phosphorylation status. Stat5a was nuclear localized and tyrosine phosphorylated in 59 of 78 (76%) breast cancers examined; 38 of 78 (49%) demonstrated Stat5a nuclear localization in more than 25% of the breast cancer cells within the adenocarcinomas. Nuclear localized Stat5a was associated positively with increased levels of histologic differentiation (p = 0.03). A statistically significant positive association with p27 nuclear localization also was identified (p = 0.05). No relationship was found between nuclear localized Stat5a and menopausal status, tumor size, ploidy, percentage of cells in S-phase, lymph node metastases, ER, ErbB2, nuclear localized p21 or nuclear localized Stat5b/Stat3. As its role in human breast cancer progression and response to therapy is defined, Stat5a could become a new molecular target for breast cancer therapy.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2005

A phase I pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of OGX-011, a 2'-methoxyethyl antisense oligonucleotide to clusterin, in patients with localized prostate cancer.

BACKGROUND: Clusterin is a cytoprotective chaperone protein that promotes cell survival and confers broad-spectrum treatment resistance. OGX-011 is a 2'-methoxyethyl modified phosphorothioate antisense oligonucleotide that is complementary to clusterin mRNA and has been reported to inhibit clusterin expression and enhance drug efficacy in xenograft models. The primary objective of this clinical study was to determine a biologically effective dose of OGX-011 that would inhibit clusterin expression in human cancer. METHODS: Subjects (n = 25) with localized prostate cancer with high-risk features who were candidates for prostatectomy were treated with OGX-011 by 2-hour intravenous infusion on days 1, 3, and 5 and then weekly from days 8-29 combined with androgen blockade starting on day 1; prostatectomy was performed on days 30-36. Six different doses were tested, from 40 to 640 mg. OGX-011 plasma and prostate tissue concentrations were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method, and the pharmacokinetics of OGX-011 were determined from these data. Prostate cancer tissue, lymph nodes, and serial samples of peripheral blood mononuclear cells were assessed for clusterin expression using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS: Only grade 1 and 2 toxicities were observed. The plasma half-life of OGX-011 was approximately 2-3 hours, and the area under the concentration versus time curve and CMAX (peak plasma concentration) increased proportionally with dose (Ptrend < .001). OGX-011 in prostate tissue increased with dose (Ptrend < .001). Dose-dependent decreases in prostate cancer and lymph node clusterin expression were observed by polymerase chain reaction of greater than 90% (Ptrend = .008 and Ptrend < .001, respectively) and by immunohistochemistry (Ptrend < .001 and Ptrend = .01, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: OGX-011 is well tolerated and reduces clusterin expression in primary prostate tumors. The optimal biologic dose for OGX-011 at the schedule used is 640 mg.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

RT-PCR-based detection of occult disseminated tumor cells in peripheral blood and bone marrow of patients with solid tumors. An overview.

Despite recent progress in early detection and local curative therapy, patients with primary epithelial cancer quite frequently relapse with incurable metastasis. Early disseminated tumor cells that may be seminal for distant failure and are undetectable by current diagnostic methods have been identified by immunocytochemical techniques in bone marrow of cancer patients using monoclonal antibodies against cytokeratins. Recently, promising new molecular approaches, namely, reverse transcriptase--polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays, have been suggested as a potential technique for the detection of minimal residual tumor burden by targeting mRNA transcribed from epithelial genes in bone marrow, peripheral blood, or lymph nodes. Several studies using RT-PCR thus far indicate a highly sensitive and specific staging tool, although the prognostic value is still controversial. However, limitations may arise from ectopic expression of marker mRNA in hematopoietic cells and deficient expression in circulating tumor cells. The present review focuses on the relevant literature and demonstrates the range of current applications of RT-PCR-based assays for detecting disseminated tumor cells in peripheral blood and bone marrow of patients with solid tumors. We will both summarize technical evaluations of published molecular approaches and discuss the widely disparate results on PCR findings in clinical studies.

Bone Marrow↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid arising on thyroglossal duct cysts: report of a case and review of the literature].

Thyroglossal duct cysts are the most common congenital disorder of the neck. One percent of cases may degenerate and give rise to a cancer, mainly arising in the pericystic thyroid tissue. Some 250 cases have been reported in the literature to date. We report here on a 39-year-old man with a midline mass in the neck measuring 4 cm max. The patient was examined preoperatively by ultrasonography of the neck and assay of thyroid hormones, which yielded a diagnosis of a thyroglossal duct cyst. On the basis of these findings, the patient underwent surgery to remove the mass and, after an extempore histopathological examination, was submitted to total thyroidectomy owing to the presence of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid arising on the thyroglossal duct cyst with multiple foci in the context of the thyroid gland. Most thyroid cancers at the time of surgery are confined to the thyroid gland, infiltrating the adjacent structures in approximately 20% of cases and the local-regional lymph nodes in 8 to 11.5%. Thyroid papillary adenocarcinoma is multifocal in 21% of cases. The multifocal nature of the cancer makes total thyroidectomy mandatory at the same time as surgery is performed to remove the cyst.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An elevated serum level of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis in patients with gastric carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Overexpression of transforming growth factor beta s (TGF-beta s), multifunctional polypeptides, have been reported in the tissue of various types of carcinomas, including gastric carcinoma. To our knowledge, serum levels of TGF-beta 1 have not previously been examined in patients with gastric carcinoma as a possible indicator of prognosis. METHODS: Preoperative serum levels of TGF-beta 1 were measured in 111 patients with gastric carcinoma by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: An elevated level of TGF-beta 1 was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis. Moreover, the preoperative serum levels of TGF-beta 1 in patients with peritoneal recurrence were significantly higher than those in patients both with lymph node recurrence and without recurrence. CONCLUSION: The serum level of TGF-beta 1 might be useful for predicting recurrence patterns and prognosis in patients with gastric carcinoma.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1980

Human T lymphcytes are enriched for transfer factor.

Using a canine local skin assay, we tested transfer factor prepared from three subpopulations of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. T lymphocytes are enriched for transfer factor whereas adherent cells and nonadherent/nonrosetting cells are not. Thus, it appears as if transfer factor is a T cell lymphokine, the immunobiology of which is still unclear.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Double immunocytochemical staining for in vivo detection of epitope specificity and isotype of antibody-forming cells against synthetic peptides homologous to human immunodeficiency virus-1.

Many infections evoke a strong humoral immune response. Some (e.g., HIV-1, EBV, CMV) also lead to disorders of the B-cell system. Data concerning cell dysfunction are largely derived from in vitro studies, which necessarily exclude all microenvironmental influences. The aim of this study was to develop a tool for the investigation of epitope specific humoral immune responses in vivo. Mice were immunized with one of two synthetic peptides, both 21 amino acids long and homologous to regions of the HIV-1 gp160. Cryostat sections of spleen and lymph nodes were incubated with the corresponding peptide coupled to alkaline phosphatase and simultaneously incubated with peroxidase-conjugated rabbit antisera specific for mouse immunoglobulin isotypes. We were able to show simultaneous detection of epitope specificity, isotype, and localization of antibody-forming cells and immune complexes in tissue sections. It should prove useful for in vivo investigation of the development of specific (e.g., anti-HIV-1) humoral immune response, the determination of B-cell specificity in lymph node infiltrates, and the role of immune complexes in lymph node pathology.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed2000

Value of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay in pathological stage T3N0 prostate cancer.

BACKGROUND: We tested the ability of the nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay to detect signs of biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer in the lymph nodes and peripheral blood of patients with pT3N0 prostate cancer. METHODS: Using lymph nodes and pre- and postoperative peripheral blood dissected from 30 patients with pT3N0 prostate cancer treated by radical prostatectomy, we used RT-PCR for prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSM) and serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) to determine the presence of prostate cancer. Results of the nested RT-PCR assay were compared with pathological stages and biochemical recurrence. RESULTS: Two of 13 patients with capsular penetration (15%), 6 of 10 patients with invasion of seminal vesicles (60%), and 3 of 7 patients with a positive surgical margin (43%) were RT-PCR-positive for PSM and/or PSA in the lymph nodes. Results of preoperative RT-PCRs of peripheral blood for PSM and for PSA significantly differed between positive and negative results of RT-PCR in lymph nodes (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). Results of postoperative RT-PCRs of peripheral blood for PSM and for PSA also significantly different between positive and negative results of RT-PCR in lymph nodes (P = 0.011 and P = 0.001, respectively). Nine of 11 patients with positive nested RT-PCR for PSM and/or PSA in the lymph nodes (82%) experienced biochemical recurrence. Significant difference in Kaplan-Meier recurrence-free actuarial curves was noted between patients who nested positive and negative on RT-PCR in the lymph nodes, pre- and postoperative peripheral blood, biopsy and prostatectomy Gleason score, and preoperative PSA values. In multivariate analysis, biopsy and prostatectomy Gleason score (P = 0.026, P = 0.020, respectively), pre- and postoperative RT-PCR for PSM in peripheral blood (P = 0.030 and P = 0.040, respectively), and RT-PCR for PSM in lymph nodes (P = 0.035) were independent prognostic factors. CONCLUSIONS: Nested RT-PCR assay of the lymph nodes or peripheral blood significantly predicted biochemical recurrence after surgery. It may help identify patients at risk for recurrence and progression of prostate cancer.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Tumor necrosis factor-dependent segmental control of MIG expression by high endothelial venules in inflamed lymph nodes regulates monocyte recruitment.

Monocytes recruited from the blood are key contributors to the nature of an immune response. While monocyte recruitment in a subset of immunopathologies has been well studied and largely attributed to the chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, mechanisms mediating such recruitment to other sites of inflammation remain elusive. Here, we showed that localized inflammation resulted in an increased binding of monocytes to perifollicular high endothelial venules (HEVs) of lymph nodes draining a local inflammatory site. Quantitative PCR analyses revealed the upregulation of many chemokines in the inflamed lymph node, including MCP-1 and MIG. HEVs did not express detectable levels of MCP-1; however, a subset of HEVs in inflamed lymph nodes in wild-type (but not tumor necrosis factor [TNF] null mice) expressed MIG and this subset of HEVs preferentially supported monocyte binding. Expression of CXCR3, the receptor for MIG, was detected on a small subset of peripheral blood monocytes and on a significant percentage of recruited monocytes. Most importantly, in both ex vivo and in vivo assays, neutralizing anti-MIG antibodies blocked monocyte binding to inflamed lymph node HEVs. Together, these results suggest that the lymph node microenvironment can dictate the nature of molecules expressed on HEV subsets in a TNF-dependent fashion and that inflammation-induced MIG expression by HEVs can mediate monocyte recruitment.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Measurement of interleukin-6, interleukin-10, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels in tissues and plasma after thermal injury in mice.

BACKGROUND: Cytokines are important modulators of physiologic alterations after thermal injury. Indeed, an increase in the level of circulating cytokines has been documented after thermal injury. However, the mechanism of the increase has not been clarified. We determined cytokine levels in local tissue after thermal injury to identify the tissues responsible for the increase. METHODS: Female C57BL/6 mice each received a 20% full-thickness burn injury. Blood, burned skin, unburned skin, muscle underlying the burn, and muscle of the thigh, liver, spleen, and mesenteric lymph node were sampled at 1, 2, 4, 8, and 24 hours after injury. Uninjured control mice were treated similarly. The samples were cultured, and concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-10 in the culture media were measured by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: IL-6 levels in unburned skin were significantly increased at 1 hour and decreased at 24 hours, compared with the control. IL-6 levels in muscle underlying the burn were significantly decreased at 8 hours. No elevation of plasma IL-6 levels was observed after injury. Neither tumor necrosis factor-alpha IL-10 was detected in any tissue. CONCLUSIONS: Results indicate that unburned skin may be a major source of IL-6 production after thermal injury and may contribute to the physiologic alterations occurring after such injury.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Spontaneous (H)-thymidine uptake in histological subgroups of human B-cell lymphomas.

Spontaneous (3H)-TdR incorporation was studied in cell suspensions from 64 patients with monoclonal B-cell neoplasias. Among various incubation periods a long-term (20 h) assay with (3H)-TdR had the greatest discriminatory power versus non-neoplastic lymph node cell suspensions. The (3H)-TdR uptake correlated positively with cell volume, nuclear volume, and cells in S + G + M phase of the cell cycle. A high degree of heterogeneity with regard to (3H)-TdR incorporation was found within several histological groups of the Kiel classification, especially in low-grade malignant lymphomas of centroblastic/centrocytic origin and in the lymphoplasmacytoid groups. In highly malignant lymphomas (3H)-TdR uptake was statistically, significantly higher than in lymphomas of low-grade malignancy. Patients with localized disease (stages I and II) and those with "B'-symptoms showed increased incorporation of radioactive thymidine as compared to patients with disseminated mined by histopathology and spontaneous uptake of (3H)-TdR.

Adult↗