Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Laboratory Procedures”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 649 records · Page 36Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

[The role of reference laboratories in animal health programmes in South America].

The contribution of the Panamerican Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) Centre (PANAFTOSA), as an OIE (World organisation for animal health) regional reference laboratory for the diagnosis of FMD and vesicular stomatitis, and for the control of the FMD vaccine, has been of fundamental importance to the development, implementation and harmonisation of modern laboratory procedures in South America. The significance of the work conducted by PANAFTOSA is particularly obvious when one considers the two pillars on which eradication programmes are based, namely: a well-structured regional laboratory network, and the creation of a system which allows technology and new developments to be transferred to Member Countries as quickly and efficiently as possible. Over the past decade, PANAFTOSA has kept pace with the changing epidemiological situation on the continent, and with developments in the international political and economical situation. This has involved the strengthening of quality policies, and the elaboration and implementation of diagnostic tools that make for more thorough epidemiological analyses. The integration of PANAFTOSA into the network of national laboratories and its cooperation with technical and scientific institutes, universities and the private sector means that local needs can be met, thanks to the design and rapid implementation of methodological tools which are validated using internationally accepted criteria. This collaboration, which ensures harmonisation of laboratory tests and enhances the quality of national Veterinary Services, serves to promote greater equity, a prerequisite for regional eradication strategies and this in turn, helps to increase competitiveness in the region.

Animal Welfare↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Reliable identification of herpes simplex viruses by DNA restriction endonuclease analysis with EcoRI.

A simple procedure that permits the rapid identification of clinical isolates of herpes simplex virus (HSV, type 1 or type 2) on the basis of stable and type-specific differences in the EcoRI restriction endonuclease patterns of the HSV-1 and HSV-2 genomes was tested for reliability. Complete concordance was first obtained for 298 HSV isolates typed by standard laboratory procedures and by analysis of the DNA profiles. Two other HSV isolates showing intermediate biologic, immunologic, and/or biochemical properties were unambiguously identified by restriction endonuclease analysis of their genomes. Identical diagnostic results were also obtained by independent laboratories for another series of 150 HSV isolates after analysis of the EcoRI digestion products. As compared with other restriction enzymes, little intratypic variation in the DNA fragments selected for immediate identification of the isolates was found with EcoRI. The procedure used here, which does not require the purification and/or the radiolabeling of viral DNA, thus appears as most appropriate for the unambiguous typing of large numbers of HSV clinical isolates.

DNA Restriction Enzymes↗
PubMed1999

Guidelines for clinical and laboratory evaluation patients with monoclonal gammopathies.

This guideline provides the recommendations of an expert panel for the clinical and laboratory evaluation of patients suspected of having a clinical condition that produces a monoclonal protein in serum or urine. The recommendations describe the clinical conditions in which a monoclonal protein should be sought, the optimal sequence of testing to diagnose and monitor these patients, and the most effective laboratory procedures.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1983

An improved gas chromatographic determination of urinary catecholamine metabolites.

We describe an improved gas chromatographic method for the determination of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxymandelic acid (vanilmandelic acid), 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyacetic-acid (homovanillic acid), and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethylene glycol. By incorporating slight modifications to established procedures, this method allows the urinary metabolites to be measured more rapidly and with better resolution. The procedure uses an internal standard and involves ethyl acetate extraction, silylation, and chromatography using a combination of two different stationary phases. The technique is simple and reliable and may be easily incorporated as a routine laboratory procedure.

Catecholamines↗
PubMed2001

Diagnosis and treatment planning for ceramic restorations.

Esthetic dentistry's intention is to deliver all phases of dentistry in a natural and attractive manner. Whether restorative and laboratory procedures or periodontal, orthodontic, or surgical procedures, ultimately the end results need to be natural in appearance and esthetically pleasing to the patient and dentist. The intention of this case study was to emphasize the relationship between the patient, dentist, and laboratory technician. The ability of all three to work efficiently demands incredible communication skills. A mutual respect in knowledge, desires, and skills creates the foundation to initiate this relationship. Communication skills and respect need to follow time-tested principles of restorative and prosthetic dentistry to be successful.

Ceramics↗
PubMed2000

Fixation and epitope retrieval in diagnostic immunohistochemistry: a concise review with practical considerations.

Diagnostic immunohistochemistry (DIHC) is an extremely valuable technological development that has revolutionized the practice of surgical pathology over the past 25 years. Like any laboratory procedure, however, the precise concatenation of methodological details that are used by any given investigator has a major effect on final results. In this overview, the authors consider several of these variables and illustrate how they may be optimized in an effective and efficient approach to quality assurance in the DIHC laboratory. The great majority of this discussion concerns processing factors as they affect paraffin section-based immunohistology because that is still, by far, the most common adjunctive morphologic procedure (AMP) used in hospital pathology. However, information is also presented on elements of tissue processing that affect other analyses as well. The material presented here is a direct reflection of the conjoint experiences of the authors. Although we discuss our preferences regarding many technical aspects of this discipline, we certainly do not mean to imply that ours are the only methods that should be utilized. Nevertheless, it is hoped that they may serve to crystallize basic concepts surrounding fixation, processing, and optimal performance of AMPs.

Biotin↗
PubMed1998

Intranets: virtual procedure manuals for the pathology lab.

A novel system exists for replacing standard written operation manuals using a computerized PC-based peer-to-peer network. The system design is based on commonly available hardware and software and utilizes existing equipment to minimize implementation expense. The system is relatively easy to implement and maintain, involves minimal training, and should quickly become a financial asset. In addition, such a system can improve access to laboratory procedure manuals so that resources can be better used on a daily basis.

Clinical Laboratory Information Systems↗
PubMed2006

Evidence of a role for conditioning in the development of liking for flavours in humans in everyday life.

The development of liking for flavours through conditioning has so far been widely demonstrated in the laboratory. The impact of conditioning in the real world however is yet to be reported. This study investigated the development of liking for flavours through conditioning in the real world as part of everyday life. The study investigated the development of liking for four novel flavoured yoghurts paired with energy (high energy/low energy) and energy requirement (high energy requirement/low energy requirement). Liking was assessed before and after conditioning conducted in the laboratory using traditional laboratory procedures and in the real world using new interactive technology. Following conditioning, liking was found to develop for novel flavoured yoghurts when consumed in a state of high energy requirement. Furthermore, effects were comparable in the laboratory and in the real world. These findings suggest that likings for flavours can be conditioned in the real world as part of every day life as well as in the laboratory. This finding suggests that conditioning is a useful and valid explanation for the development of likings for flavours in everyday life.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Establishing a protocol from laboratory studies to be used in field sampling operations.

A laboratory procedure is described that has been used in determining the breakdown products of plastic compounds used in injection molding operations. These compounds include polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, methyl methacrylate, polyethylene, polypropylene, and nylon. Laboratory samples were generated at injection molding temperatures and collected on various solid sorbents. Detector tubes were used for qualitative information to indicate whether certain classes of compounds were present. Compounds identified from the analyses of these laboratory samples are listed. Qualitative gas chromatography-mass spectormetry (GC/MS) data obtained from charcoal tube samples collected at a tire molding and a rubber producing company are also presented.

Chromatography, Gas↗
PubMed1991

Hearing aid gain for loudness-density normalization in cochlear hearing losses with impaired frequency resolution.

A theoretical criterion for preliminary prescription of hearing aid gain and frequency response was formulated on the basis of Zwicker's loudness model, modified for impaired auditory frequency resolution in cochlear hearing losses. The procedure was designed to restore normal relative loudness contributions from each frequency band of input speech. Prescribed frequency responses had less steep bass cut than recommended by either the Prescription of Gain/Output or the National Acoustic Laboratories' procedures, regardless of various model assumptions. Prescribed overall gain depended on the loudness growth assumed in the model. In cases where auditory filters are wider than normal and loudness recruitment is complete, the procedure yielded a nonlinear relation between hearing aid gain and hearing loss: Required insertion gain (in dB) was 25 to 30% of hearing threshold loss (in dB HL) for mild to moderate losses, but this percentage increased for more severe impairments. For cases with incomplete loudness recruitment, the model prescribed that insertion gain should be 40 to 50% of hearing threshold loss for a wide range of impairments.

Amplifiers, Electronic↗
PubMed1994

Tuberculous pleural effusion in the eastern province of Saudi Arabia.

The incidence and clinical pattern of tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE) and the contribution of individual laboratory procedures in the diagnosis of TPE were assessed in a five year prospective study. Two hundred and fifty-three patients presenting in three participating hospitals with pleural effusion (PE) were assessed clinically and had various laboratory investigations. Eighty-nine (35.2%) of them, including 73 (82%) men and 31 (34.8%) Saudis had TPE. Their mean age +/- SD was 33.4 +/- 11.2 years. Main symptoms in rank order were cough (80%), fever (75%), shortness of breath (64%), chest pain (61%), anorexia and weight loss (47%). PPD was positive in 82 (92%) patients. Positive culture or histological evidence of tuberculosis (TB) was observed in pleural biopsy (68.5%), pleural fluid (10%) and sputum (2%). Pleural fluid microscopy was positive in only one patient, chest radiological features of TB in 3 (3.4%). Six months anti-TB therapy resulted in complete recovery in 86 patients. It is concluded that in this community TPE constitutes over a third of all the causes of PE. The relatively young age of patients reflects the age structure of the indigenous population as well as immigrant workers. PPD, histology and culture of pleural biopsy were the most useful diagnostic tools while pleural fluid and sputum microscopy were unhelpful. The 6-months anti-TB therapy was excellent.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Current clinical characteristics and economic impact of subacute stent thrombosis.

Subacute stent thrombosis (SAT), while uncommon, continues to produce serious clinical consequences, including major myocardial infarction (MI) in 60 70% of cases, and short-term mortality rates of 20% or higher. A number of procedural and patient factors have been shown to predict the occurrence of SAT, including longer stent length, smaller minimum luminal diameter, persistent dissection, multivessel intervention, and possibly acute coronary syndrome (ACS) presentation. Despite substantial knowledge about the clinical and technical aspects of SAT, the economic impact of these events has not been previously reported. Methods. We retrospectively reviewed 26 cases of SAT that occurred at our institution from 1998-2000. Baseline clinical and procedural data, as well as clinical outcomes for the initial hospital admissions required to treat SAT, were obtained by record review. Direct health care costs for these admissions were calculated based on hospital billing data and measured resource utilization for catheterization laboratory procedures. Results. Most cases of SAT occurred in high-risk circumstances, including ACSs, multi-stent interventions, and treatment of 3.0 mm or smaller vessels. Most patients suffered significant MIs and were treated with repeat percutaneous coronary intervention. The median time to SAT was 3.5 days, with 58% of events occurring on an outpatient basis. Median total hospital costs were $11,100 per patient, with more than half of the costs generated by the catheterization laboratory and pharmacy. Conclusions. Despite its low overall frequency, the clinical and economic costs of SAT are substantial. Specific strategies at preventing its occurrence are warranted, particularly in high-risk situations.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Fabrication of a replacement for a broken attachment.

A clinical and laboratory procedure is described for remaking a lost attachment for a removable partial denture rather than remaking the entire denture. This method enables continued use of the removable partial denture while the new attachment is made in the laboratory.

Denture Precision Attachment↗
PubMed1981

Decision-making in the management of microbial keratitis.

The successful management of suppurative microbial keratitis requires five steps: (1) make the clinical diagnosis, (2) perform the proper laboratory procedures, (3) initiate antimicrobial therapy, (4) modify the initial therapy, and (5) terminate therapy. The most helpful guidelines to decision-making in these steps are: (1) the clinical impression, (2) severity of keratitis, (3) results of laboratory studies, (4) disease potential of the responsible organism, and (5) effectiveness and toxicity of various antimicrobial agents. Selection of initial antibiotics ideally should be directed by interpretation of the corneal smears. The preferred initial antibiotic for keratitis caused by a Gram-positive coccus is cefazolin; for a Gram-negative rod, gentamicin; and for a filamentous fungi or yeast, natamycin. Broad, antibacterial therapy should be reserved for suspected bacterial keratitis with negative smears or for severe infections with antecedent treatment. Miconazole may be an effective, alternate agent in fungal keratitis. The safety and efficacy of corticosteroids in microbial keratitis have not been established.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1986

Documentation of safe work practices in the clinical laboratory.

The safety manual supplemented by explicit safety statements in the laboratory procedure manual should specify the hazards and containment methods for personnel. Control of fire hazards, biohazards, and chemical hazards are specifically addressed along with waste management and radionuclide consideration. Suggestions for incorporation of safety training into the laboratory's continuing education program are provided.

Accident Prevention↗
PubMed2001

Appropriate procedures for the safe handling and pathologic examination of technetium-99m-labelled specimens.

Technetium 99m may now be used to identify sentinel nodes for surgical excision in a growing number of cancer sites. The pathology specimens of these sentinel nodes and of any injected tumoural sites are radioactive. Consequently, specific clinical and laboratory procedures must be developed to handle these specimens safely. It is recommended that specimens containing the injection site should be quarantined for a period to permit decay of radioactivity. This quarantine does delay the reporting of pathology results to surgeons, oncologists and other clinicians, but it does not adversely affect final patient management.

Canada↗
PubMed1987

Clinical education costs and benefits: application of a fiscal analysis model.

A model for analyzing the costs and benefits of clinical education through active data collection was developed and implemented in an associate degree medical laboratory technician program. Five years later the model was retested and results of the study were compared to the original findings. In each case, data were generated by students over a two-semester period. Differences between the total cost of clinical education and the value of student service work, in terms of labor produced and revenue generated, were calculated. Evaluation of the data indicated that it is not possible to calculate a value for the net cost of clinical education representative of all participating hospitals because of a large variance in factors affecting costs. The data were also useful in evaluating other aspects of clinical education, such as the relationship of instruction time to total assignment time (instruction ratio); the percentage of service work performed by students; and the types of laboratory procedures most frequently performed by students.

Clinical Clerkship↗
PubMed2004

Following alcohol consumption, nontreatment-seeking alcoholics report greater stimulation but similar sedation compared with social drinkers.

OBJECTIVE: Drinking behavior, and consequently the risk to develop alcohol problems, is influenced in part by one's subjective response to alcohol. Studies have shown that individuals at risk for alcoholism report greater stimulation, less sedation and/or "low response" to alcohol. Whether this effect exists in early-stage alcoholics has not been examined. The present study was conducted to determine whether alcoholics and social drinkers differ in response following a challenge dose of alcohol in a clinical laboratory procedure. METHOD: Nontreatment-seeking alcoholics (n = 38) and social drinkers (n = 30) randomized to a placebo in a medication study were given a standard dose of alcohol (0.34 g/kg women; 0.4 g/kg men) in a bar-laboratory setting. Assessments, including blood alcohol concentrations and the Biphasic Alcohol Effects Scale, were conducted four times (from 10 to 60 minutes following initiation of consumption). RESULTS: Alcoholics reported greater stimulation, but similar sedation, compared with social drinkers, following alcohol consumption. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides the first evidence of greater stimulation following alcohol in alcoholics not seeking treatment.

Adult↗