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At least 649 records · Page 36Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

[Zoonoses in Vojvodina. II. Epidemiologic characteristics of leptospirosis in Vojvodina].

On the basis of reported cases of sickness--death due to leptospirosis and the epidemiologic investigation of 38 sick individuals, epidemiologic characteristics of anthropozoonosis in Vojvodina were analyzed. It has been established that this disease is registered in the form of individual cases, mostly in persons belonging to the productive population. Infection usually happens during the summer months and due to contact with contaminated water. High lethality and antibodies of leptospirosis icterohaemorrhagiae in 55.3% of samples of the serum of the sick point to the fact that only clinically severe forms of the disease were registered.

Female↗
PubMed1993

[Evaluation of the counterimmunoelectrophoresis technique for the serologic diagnosis of leptospirosis].

The counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE) technic was assessed for leptospirosis serological diagnosis by using an antigenic preparation from Leptospira biflexa Patoc I strain. It was showed that the CIE technic had 82% sensitivity and 100% specificity. The antigen used showed a gender-specific reactivity on detecting antibodies in patients infected by different leptospirosis serogroups by microagglutination test. Antigen stability for CIE technic was 6 months without loss of titre.

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMed1995

[Leptospirosis in the Ribe County 1980-1991].

Though only 4.2% of the Danish population live in Ribe County, 12 cases of leptospirosis (22% of the Danish total) were found in the county between 1980-1991. Nine cases were associated with fresh water angling or fish farming. The patients were typically young or middle-aged formerly healthy men, who suddenly became ill with acute febrile disease. Eleven patients survived, one died. Cases were most often seen in late summer and autumn. Four patients required dialysis, and these patients also had relatively high serum levels of bilirubin. Case history and simple laboratory findings are helpful in leading to the diagnosis. Three patients were admitted with the correct diagnosis, and by the third day in hospital all 12 were being treated with relevant antibiotics, eight on suspicion of leptospirosis. Three patients had positive blood cultures on day 4, 6 and 9, and nine patients had late positive serology, two of whom also belonged to the group with positive blood cultures. In two patients the diagnosis was based on clinical findings alone. For these reasons, penicillin should be commenced on clinical suspicion alone.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Studies on the early serodiagnosis of leptospirosis by dot-ELISA].

Thirty serum samples of patients with early leptospirosis from whom cultures of leptospira were positive were tested by dot-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (dot-ELISA) and microscopical agglutination test (MAT). The results showed that the positive rate of dot-ELISA (40%) was higher than that of MAT (13.3%). One-hundred and ninety-eight serum samples from patients with clinical diagnosis of early leptospirosis were tested by dot-ELISA, MAT and blood culture. The results showed that the positive rate of dot-ELISA (64.6%) was higher than that of blood culture (15.2%) and MAT (14.1%). The longer the time of the illness, the lower the positive rate of the blood culture. However, the positive rate of dot-ELISA was stable in different stages of the illness.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Leptospirosis. Serological study of an epidemic outbrake in the province of Camagüey].

A brief historical review of human leptospirosis up to 1972 in Cuba is made. Serological studies were made among sugar cane workers from the Army of Working Youth (EJT) during an epidemic leptospirosis outbreak at the Camgüey province in 1973. Results of those studies are presented. The outbreak was due to several serotypes of Leptospira. Other works of the author as well as several reports obtained from specialized medical literature are compared.

Agricultural Workers' Diseases↗
PubMed1994

An outbreak of leptospirosis on a single farm in east Otago.

AIMS: To present an outbreak of leptospirosis on a dairy farm which had an unvaccinated herd. METHODS: Nine people working or living on the farm were tested for the presence of leptospira antibody by the microscopic agglutination test. Nineteen cows randomly selected, were also tested. RESULTS: Three human cases and one suspected case were detected over a one month period (December 1992-January 1993). Seventy-nine percent of the dairy herd tested had serological evidence of infection with L hardjo. CONCLUSIONS: Leptospirosis continues to be a major occupational problem in New Zealand. The importance of herd vaccination and the use of protective clothing during milking is emphasised.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Evaluation of the one-point microcapsule agglutination test for diagnosis of leptospirosis.

We have developed a one-point microcapsule agglutination test (MCAT) for the serodiagnosis of leptospirosis. The MCAT kit was evaluated for use in humans by six WHO Collaborating Centres for Reference and Research on Leptospirosis. The laboratories classified their serum samples on the basis of the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) and the following screening tests: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), macroscopic (slide) agglutination test, or the complement fixation test. The MCAT may in some instances give a positive result earlier in the course of the disease than MAT or the ELISA IgM; on the other hand, it did not detect antibodies against some serovars, for example, those of the Sejroe or Australis serogroup in Slovakia. In contrast, however, the MCAT detected antibodies to serovar hardjo (the same serogroup as Sejroe) in patients from the United Kingdom and the Russian Federation.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1994

[The role of the kallikrein-kinin system in the pathogenesis of leptospirosis].

The author studied the clinical and biochemical characteristic of leptospirosis in 101 patients and the changes of the components of the kallikrein-kinin system during the dynamics of the disease and the valuation of its prognosticated importance. In 26 patients she determined the level of prekallikrein and kallikrein in serum. Furthermore author measured level of components of kallikrein-kinin system in 16 guinea-pigs, infected with different virulence L. icterohaemorrhagie. She determined the serum prekallikrein and kallikrein in 20 control persons and 10 healthy guinea-pigs. At the peak of the disease the decreased level of prekallikrein with increased kallikrein activity at the same time was evaluated as in one respect its reduced synthesis in the liver, on the other hand by change of proenzyme into active form. In the phase of reconvalescence the normalization of the level of prekallikrein was missing. In these patients who got over the illness of icteric leptospirosis with acute renal failure at the controlled examination increased prekallikrein were found that supposed the absence of normalization of metabolism of kinins. On the basis of these data and experimental results author can establish that the components of kallikrein-kinin system in the high degree reflect the functional condition of liver and kidney at different phase of the disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[The characteristics of the course and treatment of severe forms of leptospirosis].

At the resuscitation clinic 27 patients suffering from hepatorenal form of leptospirosis were observed. Some features of the course of hepatorenal insufficiency were noted in this disease: relatively short period of oligoanuria, absence of hyperkalemia, dependence of the degree of hemorrhagic syndrome on the level of thrombocytes and absence of correlation with prothrombin consumption index, an apparent brain edema in autopsy tissue. Timely delivery of intensive care including hemodialysis, hemosorption, oxybarotherapy, ultraviolet irradiation of blood, corticosteroid therapy enabled the recovery to be secured in 67% of patients with grave forms of leptospirosis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1977

[Leptospirosis (author's transl)].

Leptospirosis is one of the most widely distributed zoonoses. Dogs are the pets in which leptospirosis is most common. The use of diagnostic laboratory procedures is discussed. During the first seven days of the disease, leptospires may be detected in the blood and organs; after the seventh day, they are detectable in the kidney and possibly also in the urine. Examination of the serum for antibodies is possible after the first week of the disease. A clinical diagnosis is often hard to establish. Unlike what used to be the case, infections with L. icterohaemorrhagiae are more common today than those with L. canicola. Infections are more common in male dogs than they are in bitches. In addition to antibiotic therapy, preferably consisting in administration of penicillin and streptomycin, symptomatic treatment is useful. Vaccination should be performed in the spring. Dog are probably of minor importance as a source of human infection in the Netherlands.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Leptospirosis: a neglected cause of nonbacterial meningoencephalitis.

Two cases of leptospirosis with different clinical presentations are presented. The importance of recognizing mild, nonicteric and meningoencephalitic forms in order to identify vectors and contaminated areas and prevent further infections is emphasized. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings in reported cases of leptospirosis are reviewed and possible prognostic implications of CSF xanthrochromia, hypoglycorrhachia, persistent polymorphonuclear leukocytosis, and increased intracranial pressure are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Dot-ELISA for human leptospirosis employing immunodominant antigen.

A dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay which uses a proteinase-K resistant antigen (PK-Dot-ELISA) to detect antileptospiral IgM antibodies was compared to the microscopic agglutination test (MAT). The assay was evaluated in serum samples from patients with leptospirosis (n = 89), typhoid fever (n = 10), malaria (n = 19), syphilis (n = 20), hepatitis (n = 16) and clinically healthy individuals (n = 92). The PK-Dot-ELISA presented a sensitivity of 92.1% and a specificity of 97.5%. The overall results of the PK-Dot-ELISA were similar to those of the MAT. However, the PK-Dot-ELISA was capable of detecting antibody activity in 43% of acute-phase sera which were negative by the MAT. Our data suggest that PK-Dot-ELISA can be used as an important portable field serodiagnostic assay for acute leptospirosis.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Significance of human leptospirosis in Mexico. Detection of Leptospira antibodies in a blood donor population].

The presence of specific serum antibodies has been used as a diagnostic test for human leptospirosis. The presence of these antibodies in humans is indicative of an active natural infection. Its detection after exposure denotes the presence of immunity. Serum samples from 206 adult blood donors were analyzed with a microscopic agglutination assay against 7 serovars of Leptospira interrogans. A total of 7% were positive with the following serovar distribution; shermani 53%, canicola 33%, pyrogens 20%, pomona 13% and icterohaemorrhagiae 6%. The highest frequency of seropositivity was found in the 20 year to 39 age group. These results in asymptomatic individuals show that leptospirosis is a frequent zoonosis in Mexico.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Leptospirosis in Madras--a clinical and serological study.

Leptospirosis was confirmed by Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT) and/or ELISA in 57 patients admitted to the Government General Hospital, Madras, India, during November and December of 1990 and 1991 with symptomatology suggestive of the disease. Fifty (88%) of the 57 cases were males; the mean age of all the cases was 39.6 years (range 17-72). The main clinical features were: fever 100% jaundice 84%, Myalgia 82%, acute renal failure 72% and conjunctival suffusion 58%. Non-azotemic jaundice occurred in 19% of cases. Renal failure was non-oliguric in 24% of cases. 3.5% of patients died. 23 patients underwent peritoneal and/or hemodialysis. ELISA IgM titres ranged from 1:80 to 1:10240 (geometric mean tire 911). MAT titres > or = 1:1600 and > or = 1:800 occurred in 39 of 54 and 51 of 54 cases respectively. Autumnalis was the serogroup most commonly recorded serologically, and Leptospira interrogans serovar autumnalis was isolated from one patient. This study shows that leptospirosis is a significant health problem in Madras, though normally grossly underestimated due to the absence of routine laboratory diagnostic facilities for the disease. Gross under-reporting is also likely in other high rainfall third world areas.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1996

[The significance of lipid peroxidation in the pathogenesis of leptospirosis and its complications].

Lipid peroxidation (LPO) and antioxidant plasma activity were evaluated in 39 patients with leptospiral jaundice. At the height of the disease LPO proceeded more actively, being the highest in cases of severe complications. Early in the disease course general antioxidant activity of plasma was inhibited significantly more noticeably in complicated versus uncomplicated leptospirosis. This confirms pathogenetic implication of membrane LPO in leptospirosis. The approaches to prognostication of the disease course and completeness of the response are proposed.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1997

[Development of polymerase chain reaction-based test systems for detecting leptospira in polytypical leptospirosis foci].

Two highly sensitive test systems G and B, based on the polymerase chain reaction, were developed for indication of pathogenic Leptospira interrogans, including the serovariants appearing during outbreaks in polytypical foci of leptospirosis in the tropical zone of China. These test systems can be used for rapid diagnosis of leptospirosis in humans in foci with different etiological structure.

China↗
PubMed1998

Diagnosis and treatment of leptospirosis in the primary care setting.

Leptospirosis is an infectious illness that usually develops 1 to 2 weeks after indirect or direct exposure to the urine of infected animals. Infection occurs through open cuts, absorption through intact mucous membranes, and drinking contaminated water. The typical presentation is a flulike syndrome of sudden onset that tends to resolve within 2 weeks. A mild immunologic phase usually presents as an aseptic meningitis. A more severe immunologic phase (Well's syndrome) can result in jaundice, renal failure, adult respiratory distress syndrome, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and death. Laboratory tests take too long to replace clinical diagnosis, which is imperative so that antibiotic therapy can begin before the fourth day of illness. Although leptospirosis is more common in tropical climates, detection in the continental United States is increasing. Early, accurate detection and treatment in the primary care setting are vital for limiting life-threatening complications.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1976

Anterior uveitis and leptospirosis.

Seven patients with anterior uveitis due to leptospirosis are presented. The diagnosis was based upon serologic tests and exclusion of other etiologic possibilities. Six patients came from a well-known endemic area of leptospirosis during the time of epidemics and one case came from an area which was not known to be endemic at the time. In 5 patients the uveitis was bilateral. The disease was mild in all but 2 patents who needed systemic administration of steroids. The posterior part of the eye was not involved in any of the cases.

Adolescent↗