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PubMed1991

The stressors and strains of health visiting: demands, supports, constraints and psychological health.

An empirical study investigated the work stressors and psychological strains experienced by health visitors in three areas of Hertfordshire and Bedfordshire. A questionnaire, based on Payne's model of occupational stress, probed the perceived demands, supports and constraints of the work and the coping strategies used by the health visitors. The research aimed to establish the extent and nature of strain using validated indicators of general anxiety and depression, to pinpoint specific features of the work which are associated with the strain measures, and to suggest possible changes to working practices. While health visitors found their jobs generally satisfying, a significant number of staff were under strain even though the mean levels of strain were lower than those observed in social workers and hospital-based nursing staff working with people who have a mental handicap, and little different from women who work in industry. Many aspects of the job were perceived to be demanding yet the demanding nature of cases was not related to strain measures. There were, however, interesting statistical relationships between strain scores and demands concerned with colleagues and managers and the amount of support a health visitor perceived.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1994

Caring from the point of view of a Finnish mental health nurse: a life history approach.

Finnish mental health care went through a major change in the 1980s. Its institutions were being run down and there was a shift to a caring system that stresses non-institutional practices. The schooling and work of the mental health nurse had to adapt to the new situation. The purpose of my study was to describe and analyse the mental health nurse's work, i.e. caring, as it is experienced by a nurse in the preparation of long-term psychiatric patients for non-institutional care. The data consist of repeated interviews with Vuokko, who has been a mental health nurse for about 30 years and is now approaching her retirement. In the light of the data, the central features of caring are caring about and taking an overall responsibility for the patient, and teaching the patient to cope with everyday life. Caring is based on practical knowledge, the essential elements of which are intimacy and feelings.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1994

A comparison of hospital- and community-based mental health nurses: perceptions of their work environment and psychological health.

This study compares hospital- (n = 67) and community-based (n = 55) mental health nurses in relation to their perceptions of the work environment and also their psychological health. Measures include: the General Health Questionnaire, the Maslach Burnout Inventory and the Work Environment Scale. The data, obtained from self-returned questionnaires, show that community nurses rated their work environments higher for the dimensions of Involvement, Supervisor Support, Autonomy, Innovation and Work Pressure. Hospital nurses saw their environments as being higher in (managerial) Control. There were no differences between the groups for the dimensions of Peer Cohesion, Task Orientation, Clarity or (physical) Comfort. Furthermore, there were no overall differences between the two groups in relation to psychological health, although the pattern of factors associated with emotional well-being differed. Finally, analyses of the community data revealed that those nurses with 'flexitime' arrangements evaluated their work environments less positively and showed higher levels of psychological strain than did those working 'fixed-time' schedules. The findings suggest that the hospital and community environments make different demands on nursing staff, and that this should be considered when organizing nursing services if stress is to be avoided.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Why I want to be a psychiatric nurse: constructing an identity through contrasts with general nursing.

The justification of psychiatric specialization among undergraduate nursing students is examined. The data highlight how students are able to produce a positive view of their initial entry into nursing and then later create a positive and distinctive specialist occupational identity through negative comparisons with general nursing. Their experience in both psychiatric and general settings is drawn upon to add credibility to their claims. Contrasts based on the work schedules, patient focus, professional autonomy, opportunity for professional development, and required skills are considered.

Career Choice↗
PubMed1996

Hospital nursing: 'it's a battle!' A follow-up study of English graduate nurses.

The purpose of this follow-up study, conducted 4 years after the initial study, was to elicit the recollections of English graduate nurses regarding their first year as qualified nurses in hospital nursing. The method was qualitative, specifically a grounded theory approach was used. The design was retrospective. The initial study took place when informants were in their final year before graduation. The follow-up study began after informants had been practising for between 3 and 4 years. Data were collected through semi-structured, in-depth, audio-taped interviews and were analysed through the constant comparative classification of patterns and themes. Research questions were: 'what do graduates nurses recall about their first year of practice in hospital nursing?' and 'what do they perceive as the difficulties of maintaining their standards?' Findings revealed the core variable as role stress. The stressful experience of living up to their individual perceptions of the role of being a graduate nurses was related to the influence of educational socialization, self-expectations, and nursing management expectations.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2004

Lecturer practitioners in six professions: combining cultures.

BACKGROUND: Whilst research has been undertaken in relation to the lecturer practitioner role in nursing, there have been no cross-professional studies. There is an explicit political agenda in the United Kingdom on interprofessional education and enhancing the status of those who provide practice-based teaching. AIM: This paper reports a study to investigate the commonalities and differences between lecturer practitioners across professions and to generate hypotheses about the role, which follows different models of practice in the different professions. METHODS: An exploratory research design was adopted, using semi-structured interviews with a purposive sample of lecturer practitioners from six professions (architecture, clinical psychology, law, medicine, nursing and social work). A grounded theory approach was used. FINDINGS: All lecturer practitioners perceived a clear dichotomy between their professional practice role and their university role. All used similar strategies to adapt to and deal with combining two very differently perceived cultures. There were striking similarities in response to the consequences of serving "two masters" in the areas of time management and role identity/definition. CONCLUSIONS: The role not only bridges theory and practice, but has to operate within very different organizational cultures. Further research is needed to test the generalizability of the findings. Relevance to clinical practice. This investigation aims to inform higher education and health service policy on lecturer practitioners, and also provide support for those undertaking this challenging role. The study poses challenging questions for policymakers in the current climate of interprofessional learning, which need to be addressed if future initiatives in this area are to be successful.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2006

Working conditions, psychosocial resources and work stress in nurses and physicians in chief managers' positions.

The study investigated whether psychosocial work conditions, professional network, job support, social network and support, sick leave and salary were associated with work stress in nurses in chief manager' positions above ward level and physicians in clinical director positions. A sample consisting of 205 nurses and 274 physicians in chief managers' positions at higher structural level answered a questionnaire. Odds ratios were used for estimating the bivariate association between work stress and psychosocial resources. The result showed that both nurse managers (OR 6.8; 95% CI: 3.5-13.5) and clinical directors (OR 6.7; 95% CI: 3.6-12.5) exposed to high job demands had a significantly higher probability of high level of work stress. The results also indicated that the available psychosocial resources taken together inside and outside work did not balance the experienced work stress in nurse managers and the clinical directors who were exposed to high work demands. No relation was found between work stress and sick leave and salary.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed2007

Auditing the impact of implementing the Modern Matron role in an acute teaching trust.

AIM: This paper describes how an acute teaching trust established the role of Senior Nurses (Modern Matrons) and an audit that was undertaken 12 months after they were appointed to evaluate the role. BACKGROUND: The concept of the Modern Matron was introduced in 2000 and all trusts had to implement the role by April 2002. METHODS: The audit comprised: measurement of progress against agreed corporate objectives and questionnaires to all senior nurses and a range of trust staff staff. RESULTS: The following themes were identified: Senior Nurse post, patient care, infection control and leadership. Senior nurses were found to be satisfied with their role and the preparation for and understanding of their role seemed to be successful. There were many improvements such as a reduction in drug errors, complaints and MRSA bacteriaemias. CONCLUSIONS: Implementation of the Modern Matron role has been successful and made improvements in patient care.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1990

Training in surgery.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1993

Mental wellbeing of nurse educators at work.

The aim of the study was to assess the mental wellbeing of nurse educators at their work by means of self-assessment. Questionnaires were sent to 100 randomly selected trained nurse educators. Data were collected from 83 respondents. The nurse educators evaluated their mental wellbeing as being rather good. There were, however, some contradictions in the answers to questions covering identical work areas but having somewhat different formulation. The disadvantages of being a nurse educator, as listed by the respondents, included: too much work, and especially too many administrative duties, communication breakdowns with the directors of the nursing college, and underestimation by others of the value of teaching as such. As characteristics of the job promoting a sense of wellbeing, the nurse educators mentioned their interaction and relationships with the students. In addition, the demands and challenges of the work were found very interesting and rewarding.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Job satisfaction of rural public and home health nurses.

Based on Vroom's expectancy theory, this study was conducted to identify differences in job satisfaction between nurses working in public health settings, and staff nurses and administrators working in both settings. Questionnaires containing an adaptation of a job satisfaction scale were mailed to all 258 registered nurses practicing in public health and home health settings (response rate 57%) in a rural midwestern state. Respondents were asked to rate their satisfaction with various dimensions of their jobs, as well as how important each aspect was to them. Although both groups of nurses reported low satisfaction with salary, public health nurses were significantly less satisfied with their salaries than were home health nurses (F = 32.96, P < or = 0.001); home health nurses, however, were significantly less satisfied with benefits/rewards (F = 11.85, P < or = 0.001), task requirements (F = 8.37, P < or = 0.05), and professional status (F = 5.30, P < or = 0.05). Although administrators did not differ significantly from staff nurses on job satisfaction, they did perceive organizational climate (F = 4.50, P < or = 0.05) to be an important feature of satisfaction. These differences may be partially explained by divergent salaries, roles, and responsibilities between public health and home health nurses.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Caring for stroke patients: heavy or exciting?

Nurses who work with the same patient population attach common meanings to what caring for their patients entails. This qualitative study uncovered two common meanings among nurses caring for stroke patients--the concepts of heaviness and excitement. Heaviness reflected particular demands associated with characteristics of stroke patients and the context of the care. Excitement reflected meaningfulness and satisfaction. Heaviness and excitement were general characteristics of the work rather than attitudes toward particular patients. They were not mutually exclusive; feelings of heaviness coexisted with involvement, commitment and excitement.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Neonatal nurse practitioners. Who are they?

A neonatal nurse practitioner (NNP) serves as the primary-care provider for in-hospital neonates. These practitioners receive different education and formal training than other nurse practitioners. The NNP's responsibilities may include managing patient care in an intensive-care unit, conducting normal newborn assessments and physical examinations, and providing high-risk follow-up visits. Career stressors, job satisfaction, and salaries vary among NNPs. The authors describe the variation in education and roles in this expanded nursing practice.

Career Choice↗
PubMed1992

Nursing supply and characteristics in the nonmetropolitan areas of the United States: findings from the 1988 National Sample Survey of Registered Nurses.

This study examines the supply and selected characteristics of nurses working in nonmetropolitan areas of the United States using the most recent data reported in the third national sample survey of registered nurses in 1988. Nursing supply is analyzed in terms of the ratio of registered nurses per 100,000 people for three standard nonmetropolitan census county size classifications and nine regional groupings of states. Seven dimensions relating to the educational background and current professional characteristics of registered nurses are studied. Findings indicate a notable difference in the ratio of nurses per population across county size and regions of the country. In terms of characteristics selected for this study, the educational background, salary gap, and time spent in various activities differentiate nurses in rural areas from those working in urban counties. Results of this study should be particularly relevant because a variety of educational, financial, and other incentives are being considered to address what is perceived to be a crisis in rural nursing availability.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1983

Communication between doctors and psychologists.

Changing roles of the psychologist over the past 30 years or so have been rapid and fundamental. This has led to difficulties when psychologist and doctor do not see the former's role in the same way. Psychologists achieve clinical independence for their work rather sooner than doctors do, and if this is not understood there can be difficulties in communication. If the doctor and psychologist employ different theoretical models of illness, this may affect the ease with which agreed therapeutic strategies are reached. The respective roles played by the doctor and the psychologist may be consonant, in that both are research, or both are clinically, oriented. When this is not the case, difficulties may occur. It is suggested that job descriptions should be agreed before appointments are made. Unresolved tensions concerning clinical responsibility may cause communication difficulties. It is suggested that the claims of functional leadership over status leadership be examined.

Communication↗