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At least 649 records · Page 36Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Octreotide in malignant intestinal obstruction.

Octreotide has proved an effective agent in the palliation of refractory malignant intestinal obstruction. This may be achieved through a pro-absorptive effect on the small bowel mucosa, an effect on improving gastrointestinal motility, by a reduction in gastrointestinal hormone levels and by a direct anti-neoplastic effect on the obstructing tumour. The simple route of administration of octreotide and the paucity of side effects reported in two recent studies should make the physician consider its use in this particularly distressing complication of advanced cancer.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of prostaglandin E1 and E2 analogues on mucosal injury-induced, and on bacterial translocation promoted by, experimental intestinal obstruction.

The aim of this experimental study was to investigate effects of prostaglandin E1 and E2 analogues on mucosal structure and bacterial translocation during small bowel obstruction. The study was carried out on 40 Wistar rats equally divided into four groups; group 1 = control, group 2 = intestinal obstruction by ligation of distal ileum, and groups 3 and 4 = obstruction and administration of PGE2 and PGE1, respectively. Intestinal bacterial content and translocation to mesenteric lymph nodes and to the blood were determined by microbiological analysis. Mucosal structural changes were assessed by histopathological examination and expressed as a structural damage score and as the thickness of the mucosal layer. Bacterial overgrowth was determined in all obstruction groups. Mucosal thickness was 39.7 microm in group 1 and 26.8 microm in group 2 (p <.001). The thickness was significantly preserved by administration of PGE1 and PGE2 (p <.001). Mean structural damage score was 0.4 in group 1 and 6.7 in group 2 (p <.001). The damage scores were significantly lower in groups treated with PGE1 and PGE2 than obstruction alone group (p <.001). Better scores were obtained in rats treated with PGE1 than rats treated with PGE2 (p =.0026). Translocation to the lymph nodes did not occur in group 1, but was 70% in group 2 (p =.0015); significantly lower rates of translocation to lymph nodes were observed in rats treated with PGE1 (p =.035), but not with PGE2. We conclude that mucosal structure is partly maintained by administration of PGE1 and PGE2 during intestinal obstruction; PGE1 is more effective than PGE2 for ameliorating mucosal injury. PGE1 prevents bacterial translocation by preserving structural integrity of the mucosa. PGE2 partially prevents mucosal damage but not bacterial translocation.

Alprostadil↗
PubMed1987

Small intestinal obstruction secondary to obturation by a Garren gastric bubble.

A case of small intestinal obstruction by obturation of a Garren gastric bubble, not retrieved after gastroscopy, is presented. The literature is reviewed regarding both the use of and the complications inherent in such balloon devices. Some specific suggestions are made to provide for effective retrieval and radiological localization and monitoring of displaced balloons.

Gastroscopy↗
PubMed1987

[Intestinal obstruction in children with cystoid formations in the mesentery and omentum].

The work presents clinical characteristics of 14 children with cystoid formations of the mesenterium and omentum accompanied by the most frequent complication--intestinal obstruction which was observed in 14 children. The main cause of the mesenterial cysts was a torsion of the intestine with the cyst, that of the omentum damage was a compression of the intestinal loops. They should be treated surgically. Lethal outcomes did not follow.

Child↗
PubMed1980

[Neonatal intestinal obstruction due to congenital hypothyroidism (author's transl)].

Three children with subacute neonatal intestinal obstruction are described in whom the diagnosis of congenital megacolon was suspected. The radiological changes improved when oral feeding stopped but reappeared when it was restarted. The aetiology remained unrecognised until the results of the neonatal screening for hypothyroidism showed all three cases had congenital hypothyroidism. The severity of the disorders was unusual and remains unexplained. Systemic TSH and/or T4 determinations should lead to a better understanding of the disorders due to hyperthyroidism in neonates.

Congenital Hypothyroidism↗