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Results for “Insect Repellents”

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At least 649 records · Page 36Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Toxic and repellent effects of Baccharis salicifolia essential oil on Tribolium castaneum.

Allelochemical effects were observed when Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) adults were treated with Baccharis salicifolia (Ruiz & Pavon) Pers essential oil. The main biological activities were toxicity and repellence. Terpenes present in the essential oil were identified by GC-MS, and some authentic samples were tested to assess their activity individually. The most acutely toxic compounds after 3 days were beta-pinene and pulegone. Most of the monoterpenes elicited symptoms indicative of neurotoxicity. The most repellent compound was alpha-terpineol. Toxic and repellent effects of chemical derivatives of the major sesquiterpene present in B salicifolia essential oil, as well as a series of monoterpenes, were evaluated in order to investigate structure-activity relationships. The reduced derivatives of the monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes were more repellent that their carbonyl analogues. In addition, unsaturation in the germacrane skeleton enhanced repellent activity.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Extract of the seeds of the plant Vitex agnus castus proven to be highly efficacious as a repellent against ticks, fleas, mosquitoes and biting flies.

About 70 plant extracts were tested for their ability to repel the attacks of blood-sucking arthropods. It was found that a CO2 extract of the seeds of the Mediterranean plant Vitex agnus castus (monk's pepper) can be used as a spray to keep away especially Ixodes ricinus and Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks from animals and humans for at least 6 h. In addition mosquitoes, biting flies and fleas are also repelled for about 6 h.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Novel dialkylpiperidines in the venom of the ant Monomorium delagoense.

New 2,6-dialkylpiperidines found in the venom of the ant Monomorium delagoense include cis- and trans-2,6-di(4-pentenyl)-piperidine [2], cis- and trans-2-(4-pentenyl)-6-pentylpiperidine [4], and cis- and trans-2-(6-heptenyl)-6-(4-pentenyl)-piperidine [7], whose structures were confirmed by synthesis. These compounds possess insecticidal and repellent properties.

Ant Venoms↗
PubMed2003

Olfactometric evaluation of spatial repellents for Aedes aegypti.

The spatial repellency responses of Aedes aegypti (L.) to deet, dehydrolinalool and linalool were evaluated using a dual port olfactometer. In the absence of human attractant mixture, each of the three chemicals resulted in activation and/or orientation of mosquitoes to the chemical source. Linalool was the most attractive compound. In the presence of human attractant mixture, activation and/or orientation of mosquitoes to each of the three chemicals was reduced. We compared reductions in mosquito responses to each of the three chemicals, in the presence of human attractant mixture, to estimate spatial repellency. As expected, lowest spatial repellency (7.3%) was observed using human attractant alone. Highest spatial repellency (33.6%) was observed using a combination of linalool and dehydrolinalool. Deet did not manifest spatial repellency, whereas linalool and dehydrolinalool alone, and in combination, exhibited spatial repellency.

Acyclic Monoterpenes↗
PubMed2005

Natural-based repellent products: efficacy for military and general public uses.

The major points addressed in this article regarding natural- or herbal-based repellents are as follows. 1) It is important to recognize the end user when developing and testing repellents. There is a major difference between repellents suitable for nuisance management by the general public as compared with military or public health uses when battle-field conditions or a disease risk is present. 2) The experimental design used to determine repellent efficacy must also recognize the end user. Pest densities should reflect real-world conditions as much as possible. 3) The experimental design should be directed to the pest population, not at a different product. Remember, we should use scientific logic, not market-driven tactics. 4) There is a need for specific regulatory standards for natural repellents to insure not only quality but the proper and most effective means of application and use. 5) There is a need for increased research and development for natural and synthetic repellents.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Field evaluation of herbal mosquito repellents.

Repellent properties of Zanthoxylum armatum DC. Syn. Z. alatum Roxb. (Timur), Curcuma aromatica (Jungli haldi) and Azadirachta indica (Neem) oils were evaluated against mosquitoes in mustard (Brassica sp.) and coconut (Cocos sp.) oil base and compared with synthetic repellent. Dimethyl phthalate (DMP) as standard. Timur and jungli haldi afforded better protection in the both the base at all the concentrations. Tepellents in mustard oil gave longer protection time than those in coconut oil. At 0.57 mg/cm2 concentration timur oil gave significantly higher protection both in mustard (445 min) as well as coconut oil (404 min) than the other repellents and DMP.

Humans↗
PubMed2000

A wind tunnel bioassay system for screening mosquito repellents.

A wind tunnel bioassay system to screen mosquito repellents is described. A wind tunnel is utilized to exploit the upwind flight response of host-seeking mosquitoes. Mosquitoes within the wind tunnel are activated with human breath, fly upwind, and land on heated chick skins. This behavioral sequence results in a consistently high percentage of the test population approaching repellent or control stimuli. The bioassay system is calibrated with diethyl methylbenzamide against Aedes aegypti and demonstrates a reproducible dose-response relationship. The persistence of diethyl methyl benzamide after a 1-h period is also recorded. The design of the bioassay system permits simultaneous, independent testing of 3 candidate repellents. The wind tunnel bioassay system is compared to other techniques for evaluating mosquito repellents.

Aedes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of the mosquito-repelling efficacy of methyl neodecanamide (MNDA) to that of Deet.

The objective of this small pilot study was to assess the mosquito-repelling efficacy of methyl neodecanamide (MNDA) relative to N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (Deet) against Anopheles stephensi, Culex quinquefasciatus, and Aedes aegypti under controlled laboratory conditions. In this study, subjects inserted both forearms (sham- and repellent-treated) into a test chamber containing 50 female mosquitoes. The number of mosquitoes landing on or probing each forearm during the 5-minute "forced-choice" test session was recorded each hour for a total of eight hours. Effectiveness was calculated according to Abbott's formula. Experimental results indicate that topical application of 1% MNDA provided significantly better protection and a broader spectrum of repellency than application of 1% Deet against the three species of mosquitoes. These promising results support further study of MNDA as a topical mosquito repellent.

Alkanes↗
PubMed2006

Repellency of MyggA Natural spray (para-menthane-3,8-diol) and RB86 (neem oil) against the tick Ixodes ricinus (Acari: Ixodidae) in the field in east-central Sweden.

In the field in south-central Sweden, we tested by randomised, standardised methodology the potential anti-tick repellent activity of two concentrations of MyggA Natural spray (containing PMD) (4.2 and 3.2 g/m2) and one of RB86 (with 70% neem oil containing azadirachtin) (3 g/m2) to host seeking nymphs of Ixodes ricinus. Each substance was applied separately to 1 m2 cotton flannel cloths. Nymphal ticks on the cloths, pulled over the vegetation, were recorded at 10-m stops. Nymphal numbers recorded differed significantly between treated cloths [4.2 or 3.2 g MyggA Natural spray/m2 and 3 g RB86/m2] and the untreated control (df = 3, chi2 = 112.74, P < 0.0001). Nymphal numbers also differed significantly among collectors (df = 3, chi2 = 15.80, P < 0.001). Repellency of treated cloths, i.e., 4.2 or 3.2 g MyggA Natural spray/m2 and 3 g RB 86/m2 declined from day 0 (i.e. the day of impregnation) to day 3 after impregnation from 77 to 24%, 58 to 16% and 47 to 0.5%, respectively. This study suggests that all three treatments have significant repellent activities against I. ricinus nymphs.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Field evaluation of arthropod repellent netting as a ground cloth against ticks.

Tick repellent, wide-mesh net ground cloths were tested against Amblyomma americanum (Linnaeus) by the CO2 bait technique. Two repellents, N,N-diethyl-metatoluamide (deet) and 3 acetyl-2-(dimethyl-5-heptenyl)-oxazoladine, and two netting fabrics were compared. All combinations tested provided over 90% protection. The effectiveness of repellent ground cloths against chiggers is discussed.

Benzamides↗