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PubMed2002

A father marries his daughters: a case of incestuous polygamy.

Polygamy is a risk factor for incest. This case report of incest and polygamy portrays the dynamics that dominated this family's identity. The father indoctrinated and groomed his biological daughter and stepdaughter for sexual gratification in a cult-like atmosphere, and secretly married both of them. He justified his acts to the family members under the guise of religion, but he later denied allegations of polygamy and sexual contact with his daughters when confronted by the authorities. Ultimately, his parental rights were terminated in family court. The authors interviewed the primary victim and reviewed extensive evidence, including videotapes of the victims talking with detectives and also privately amongst each other. Videotape dialogue excerpts capture how these young girls individually coped with the sexual abuse and responded to becoming child wives in a polygamous family. Criminal charges ultimately were not pursued because the key witness refused to testify against her biological father.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Emotional characteristics of chronic and acute incestuous daughters.

Incest can have a devastating effect on the emotional stability of the victim both in childhood and in adulthood. The present research was conducted to determine: (1) emotional variables associated with chronic and acute incestuous daughters, and (2) a comparison of the similarities and/or differences of each. Results suggested ten different variables of importance in father-daughter incest, however, there were significant differences regarding which of these tended to be associated more with either the chronic or acute incestuous daughters.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Judging social issues: difficulties, inconsistencies, and consistencies.

The three studies reported in this Monograph examine high school and college students' reasoning about the issues of abortion, homosexuality, pornography, and incest. The studies stemmed from previous research on reasoning in the "prototypical" moral, social conventional, and personal domains. We postulated that abortion, homosexuality, pornography, and incest are nonprototypical issues. We expected that reasoning about nonprototypical and prototypical issues would differ and that reasoning about nonprototypical issues would be inconsistent and involve ambiguities in informational assumptions. Two groups were preselected in Study 1, those who negatively and those who positively evaluated the nonprototypical issues. Assessments were made of criterion judgments (evaluations, rule contingency, and generalizability) and justifications regarding moral, personal, and nonprototypical issues. The groups differed in judgments about the nonprototypical issues but not the moral issues. Both groups gave noncontigent and generalized judgments about moral issues, with justifications of justice and rights. Subjects who evaluated nonprototypical acts negatively used varied and often inconsistent configurations of criterion judgments. Responses coded for general reasoning types often entailed juxtapositions of prescriptive judgments and assertions of personal choice. Subjects who evaluated nonprototypical acts positively judged that they should be legal and nongeneralized and gave justifications based on personal choice. Using similar procedures, Study 2 was conducted with practicing Catholics attending parochial high schools. The findings paralleled those of Study 1, including a split among subjects in their evaluations of the nonprototypical issues. The results suggested a bidirectional relation between individual judgments and group positions. The findings of Studies 1 and 2 suggested that variations in evaluations and judgments about the nonprototypical issues were associated with variations in ambiguously held informational assumptions. Study 3 examined the role of such informational assumptions. It was found that assumptions associated with judgments about abortion and homosexuality were ambiguous and inconsistently applied. Thus, we propose that ambiguity around assumptions is a central component of the nonprototypicality of these issues.

Abortion, Legal↗
PubMed1989

The incestoid family.

Following a short overall view on family therapeutic models of close family systems and on incest family models, the concept "incestoid family" is conceived. In this way, families should be exemplified in which it is true that no manifest incest occurs, but by going from one generation to another, relationships between parents and children, resembling a relationship between partners and the constellation of subliminal enticement and seduction situations promote pseudosexual behaviour patterns; the most conspicuous symptom of such a family is hyper- as well as hyposexualised behaviour in children and young people. Definitive and conceptual demarcations to oedipal and incestuous structures were undertaken. Four case descriptions should illustrate the clinic of incestoid families.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Breaking secrecy. Adult survivors disclose to their families.

With families in which incest has occurred, secrecy is the organizing principle of all family relationships. Both the testimony of survivors and the clinical literature emphasize the central role of the incest secret. Children who have been sexually abused by adults outside the family also frequently keep this secret as a result of intimidation or shame. Secrecy compounds the trauma of the sexual abuse itself by isolating the victim from others, so that her perceptions can not be validated. Often, the victim comes to doubt her own experience of reality, which is at odds with the family's version of the truth. Many, if not most, victims of child sexual abuse reach adult life still preserving the rule of secrecy.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1987

The life histories and psychological profiles of 59 incestuous stepfathers.

Incest is both more common and more severe in stepparent families. The reasons for this have been unclear. In this comparison of 59 incestuous stepfathers, 70 incestuous biological fathers, and 158 offenders against unrelated children, there were few substantial differences in psychological characteristics between fathers and stepfathers, but their life histories and marital histories differed significantly. Stepfathers were significantly more likely to have prior convictions for sexual offenses, to have been sexually abused as a child, and to have juvenile criminal records. Stepfathers were more likely to have histories of previous marital failure. There was great heterogeneity of psychological characteristics. Increased prevalence in incest in stepfamilies is probably related to interactions between stepfathers' psychopathology, problems inherent in stepfamilies, and the availability of a potential victim.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Sexual abuse of children and adolescents.

Parents, relatives, and friends may inflict their passions on children of the same or opposite sex. This is often initiated by sleeping together. Sexual abuse contributes to and causes emotional trauma, although the child's turmoil, confusion, wish for acceptance, and anxiety may be overlooked by the parent and professional. Mutual silence aided by threats adds to the anxiety. Despite the notion that reports of parental sexual exploitation of their children are usually fantasies, there appear to be increasing data that incest and sexual abuse are frequent traumata. At present, there is increased risk of lowering the incest barrier because of increased rates of divorce and step- or surrogate parenthood, since they provide additional potential for being sexually and emotionally traumatized. Sexual abuse seems to be part of a constellation involving neglect and a pathological symbiosis. That sexual abuse is emotionally traumatic is apparent, but it needs emphasizing. Children's defensive reactions may cloud this, and it may be years before such incidents are connected to symptomatic behavior, even when the child is in intensive therapy. In the reported cases, there appears to be a pattern of reactions and defenses related to the traumata that are embedded in imprinting and identification with the aggressor. This leads to sexual abuse being a legacy passed on to the next generation of victims, as the victim becomes the molester through identification. Adolescent self-destructive behavior may stem from guilt about sexually abusing younger children. Therapists may be better able to understand and deal with some of their patients' symptoms if sexual abuse is considered as a possible factor in one or both directions.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Oedipus was not the son of Laius and Jocasta.

Neurotics have family-romance fantasies, which they sometimes take to be real and which make them think that their parents are not really their parents. They have other unconscious fantasies in which they feel that their sexual objects are really their parents and in which trivial acts acquire the value of incest and parricide. From these psychoanalytic findings we can interpret the Oedipus legend as a special manifestation of the family romance which has arisen from guilt feelings and an intense desire for punishment. Oedipus fantasies the rulers of Thebes to be his parents and takes his behavior toward them as both incestuous and parricidal. As a displacement on the adult level, the Oedipus legend symbolizes the genital situation of the child both before and during the creation of the superego. As Oedipus was happy in his love life before the plagues afflicted Thebes, the child enjoys, during his infancy, sexual pleasure with his mother and rejects his father as his rival. Later just as Oedipus did, the child learns from his parents and from the rest of his environment, that his incestuous and parricidal behavior is dreadful and that he must feel very guilty and be punished severely. The child also learns this must be repressed: He must no longer perceive these things. In the legend this is symbolized by Oedipus blinding himself. The usual interpretation of the Oedipus legend, which wrongly believes that he really committed incest and parricide, does not take into account the distortions of judgement and preception which guilt feelings can give rise to.

Family↗
PubMed1976

Some thoughts on the ego ideal. A contribution to the study of the "illness of ideality".

Man searches continuously for the time when he was his own ideal--a time that is coincident with primary fusion with the mother. The fantasy of this fusion underlies the incest wish. Because of his helplessness, the child must postpone the realization of his incest wish and project it forward into the future. However, if the subject chooses the pathway of the oedipus complex and identification with the father to realize his incestuous fantasy, circumstance may lead him to circumvent the oedipal shpere and, through the mechanisms of regression, return to the mother of primary fusion. As in Aesop's adage, the ego ideal is at the source of the best and the worst of things.

Ego↗
PubMed1996

Reproductive suppression in subordinate, non-breeding female Damaraland mole-rats: two components to a lifetime of socially induced infertility.

The Damaraland mole-rat Cryptomys damarensis exhibits an extreme reproductive division of labour. Reproduction in the colony is restricted to a single breeding pair, resulting from a two-fold control: (i) a reduced pituitary synthesis and/or secretion of luteinizing hormone leading to a block to ovulation in non-reproductive females; and (ii) a strong inhibition to breeding with familiar kin. Circulating basal concentrations of luteinizing hormone as well as luteinizing hormone levels measured in response to a single exogenous gonadotrophin releasing hormone challenge, were significantly lower in non-reproductive females in the presence of the reproductive female than those in colonies lacking a reproductive female. Urinary progesterone concentrations before the removal of the reproductive female were significantly higher in non-reproductives than the post removal values. Behavioural studies from sib-sib and non-sib pairings provide evidence for a strong incest avoidance, probably resulting from an inhibition of breeding with familiar colony members. A total of four pairings of non-sibs resulted in copulatory activity and eventual conception. In contrast, four couples of sib-sib combinations failed to produce any sexual activity or offspring. Thus, suppression of reproduction in these non-reproductive, subterranean bathyergids is complicated by the masking effect of familiarity that prevents incest, in addition to the physiological inhibition of fertility in the presence of the reproductive female.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

On patients' disclosure of parents' and siblings' names during treatment.

The patient's spontaneous disclosure of a parent's name is frequently associated with appearance of core conflicts, especially genetic and transference themes of incest, other oedipal derivatives, and separation anxiety. Using a parent's first name has the unconscious implication of incest, since one is doing something which one's other parent but not oneself is allowed to do. In some primitive cultures, saying aloud the names of one's parents was strictly forbidden. Disclosing a parent's name to the analyst may parallel the developmental step during childhood when the patient learned the parent had a first name. The child's acquisition of language, including proper names, fosters object constancy and the internalization of the parents, from whom language is learned. For patients who do not usually refer to a sibling by name, disclosure of the sibling's name may also reflect the concurrent emergence of central conflicts. In particular, such disclosure may accompany associations about an earlier closeness with the sibling giving way to subsequent estrangement. Naming the sibling may also mark an intensification of a sibling transference to the analyst.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Emotional congruence in sexual offenders against children.

The tendency of some sexual offenders against children to display an exaggerated cognitive and emotional affiliation with childhood has been labeled "emotional congruence" by Finkelhor (1984) and as overidentification with childhood by others. This study consisted of an evaluation of emotional congruence in 194 men--homosexual and heterosexual pedophiles (N's = 41 and 31), heterosexual nonpedophilic incest offenders (N = 62), sexual offenders against women (N = 27), and nonsexual offender criminals (N = 33). A revised version of the Child Identification Scale (CIS-R) was used in combination with a semistructured interview (SSI) also intended to measure the construct. Maximum-likelihood factor analysis of the CIS-R generated eight factors. All subjects, particularly the nonsexual offenders, scored high on a factor indicating a wish to restart their lives. With respect to emotional congruence, results showed that only the homosexual pedophiles' scores indicated a preference for interacting with children on the child's level, while the incest offenders seemed to prefer to elevate their victims to adult status rather than fixating on the child role themselves. The group of heterosexual pedophiles, however, seemed to be motivated more by sexual gratification than by an emotional or relationship interest in their victims or children.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Teenage pregnancy and associated risk behaviors among sexually abused adolescents.

CONTEXT: Previous research suggests a link between adolescent pregnancy and sexual abuse history, but most studies have used clinical samples of females only and single measures of abuse. METHODS: Associations between pregnancy involvement, risk behaviors and sexual abuse were examined in sexually experienced teenagers from the Minnesota Student Surveys of 1992 (N=29,187) and 1998 (N=25,002). Chi-square tests assessed differences in pregnancy involvement and related risk behaviors among four groups of adolescents, categorized by type of abuse experienced: none, incest only, nonfamilial only or both. Odds ratios for pregnancy involvement and risk behaviors, adjusted for grade level and race, were calculated for each gender by using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Sexual abuse was reported by 6% of males and 27% of females in 1992, and by 9% and 22% in 1998. Reports of pregnancy involvement were significantly more common among abused adolescents (13-26% of females and 22-61% of males, depending on type of abuse) than among nonabused adolescents (8-10%). Abused adolescents were more likely than others to report risk behaviors, and teenagers reporting both abuse types had the highest odds of pregnancy involvement and risk behaviors. The differential in the odds of pregnancy involvement and most behaviors was larger between nonabused and abused males than between nonabused and abused females. CONCLUSIONS: Teenage pregnancy risk is strongly linked to sexual abuse, especially for males and those who have experienced both incest and nonfamilial abuse. To further reduce the U.S. teenage pregnancy rate, the pregnancy prevention needs of these groups must be adequately addressed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Federal court rules on Hyde Amendment in Michigan case.

In a ruling issued on July 18 (1994), the US District Court for the Western District of Michigan found that the state's near ban on abortion coverage under Medicaid violates federal law because it is more restrictive than the current version of the federal Hyde Amendment. Chief Judge Benjamin F. Gibson ordered Michigan to cover abortions in cases of rape and incest, even though a 1988 law adopted by a voter initiative and upheld in 1992 by the state Supreme Court prohibits public funding except in cases of life endangerment. Last October, Congress approved the fiscal year 1994 Medicaid budget and slightly expanded abortion coverage to include funding for abortions in cases of rape and incest, as well as life endangerment. Summit Medical Center v. Smith, a CRLP lawsuit that was consolidated with Planned Parenthood v. Engler, was the second case this year in which a federal court ruled on state obligations under current Medicaid law. In early May, in a similar CRLP case, US District Court Judge Edward Nottingham enjoined enforcement of an amendment to the Colorado Constitution on the same grounds (see RFN III/9). On June 1, a trial court judge ordered Montana to comply with the Hyde Amendment in an CRLP suit; a federal district court in Montana came to the same conclusion on June 20 in a case filed by Planned Parenthood. CRLP suits in federal court against states for non-compliance are still pending in Arkansas, Louisiana, North Dakota, Oklahoma, and Pennsylvania.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1995

Utah's ban on abortion coverage for low-income women challenged.

On January 30 (1995) two women's health care providers, a rape crisis center, and a YWCA-run battered women's shelter asked the federal district court in Utah to declare invalid and enjoin enforcement of the state's virtual ban on abortion coverage for Medicaid-eligible women. The plaintiffs argue that Utah's criminal prohibition on state Medicaid coverage for abortion--except when the procedure is necessary to prevent a woman's death--violates federal Medicaid law because it does not cover abortions for survivors of rape or incest. The Hyde Amendment has provided federal Medicaid funds for abortions in cases of rape and incest since 1993, and federal courts have since ruled against eight other states that refused to cover those procedures. In late December, Utah was one of seven states notified by the federal Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA) that the state is "out of compliance" with federal Medicaid law. With nearly 46 rapes per 100,000 people, Utah has one of the highest rates of rape in the country. CRLP (Center for Reproductive Law and Policy) has previously filed lawsuits in Utah challenging the state's 1991 abortion ban and a 1993 mandatory delay and biased counseling requirement. Plaintiffs in Utah Women's Clinic v. Graham are represented by CRLP's Eve Gartner, with Salt Lake City attorneys Howard Lundgren and Jeffrey Oritt.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1992

The Broken Hill Psychopathology Project.

The main objective of this study was to describe the psychiatric disorders seen in patients presenting for treatment in rural New South Wales. The patients were seen primarily in the community, in both public and private practice, but also in the local base hospital and prison. Seven hundred and seven patients were consecutively examined during the study period. The results of this study were compared with a previous Australia-wide study to identify specific disorders that were more prevalent in rural areas. Alcohol abuse and dependence stood out as being much more prevalent. Life problems such as domestic violence, sexual assault, and incest occurred commonly in women referred for psychiatric assessment. More than ten percent of the study patients were children aged under 17, who had similar prevalence rates of the various psychiatric disorders to a national comparison. It is concluded that alcohol abuse is very common in rural New South Wales, particularly in men, although there are also high rates in women, and this is probably related, in part at least, to the high rates of domestic violence, sexual assault and incest. It appears probable that there is a cycle of alcohol abuse in men leading to domestic violence and sexual abuse in women and children. This may contribute to the latter becoming anxious and depressed. The rates of the major functional psychiatric disorders were similar to those seen nationally. There is a great need for the maldistribution of psychiatrists between metropolitan and rural areas to be addressed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Evaluation of information programs on sexual assault in six elementary schools in east Montréal.].

Within the sex education program given to four hundred and sixty five (465) students approximately eleven years in age, a new information project on exhibitionism, sexual harassment, rape and incest was introduced in the eighteen (18) sixth grade classes of ten (10) elementary schools in the east end of Montréal. The evaluation of the project implementation gives us good indications of the concerted action that is necessary, the process needed to elaborate teaching material and also shows the immediate reaction of educators, parents and, of course, the students concerned. Very little resistance to this new teaching was noted within the school system. All parents had been informed of the project, no negative comments were received after-wards at schools. Incest was perceived by children as a problem "you do not speak of ' because it is susceptible to bring about worse things than the abuse itself, normaly the separation of the parents or the emprisonment of the abusive parent.

English Abstract↗
PubMed1991

Paraphilias in U.S. pornography titles: "pornography made me do it" (Ted Bundy).

In 1986, the U.S. Commission on pornography reviewed 3,050 separate magazine and book titles sold in "adults only" pornographic outlets randomly selected in Washington, DC; Baltimore, MD; Miami, FL; Philadelphia, PA; New York, NY; and Boston, MA. Of these, 746 titles could be assigned to a DSM III-R paraphilia category (513 titles if the category partialism is excluded). Incest was listed as a category separately from pedophilia. Thus, 16.8 percent of the titles could be assigned to a paraphilia category (24.4% of all titles, if partialism is included as a category). Paraphilia distribution is discussed. Sadomasochism was by far the most common paraphilia (49.9%) while incest titles comprised 21.4 percent of the perversions. The frequency distribution for the U.S. material is compared with titles reviewed by the Victoria (Australia) State Classification of Publications Board and previously reported by the author.

Erotica↗