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PubMed1986

[Sympathetic block after plexus anesthesia. Comparison with stellate ganglion block].

Plethysmographic measurements of the upper extremity were performed in ten patients after axillary plexus block and in eight patients after stellate ganglion block. Axillary plexus block was followed by a mean increase of 396% in arterial blood flow. After stellate ganglion block, the arterial blood flow increased by 232% (P less than or equal to 0.001) compared to the pre-block value. There was no change in venous capacity after either method. The results indicate that both blocks can alternatively be used, as they have the same effects regarding increased arterial flow and stable venous capacity.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

The action of diazepam in the isolated rat detrusor muscle.

Diazepam is one of the benzodiazepines, a group of drugs that depresses the central nervous system. It also inhibits the contractility of smooth muscles in the periphery, but the mechanism of this inhibitory action has not been clarified. Our study was undertaken to investigate the effect of diazepam on the contractility of the detrusor muscle. Detrusor muscle strips isolated from rat urinary bladder were examined by isometric myography. Diazepam, as well as baclofen, a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)B receptor agonist, reduced the electric field stimulation-induced contractions; delta-aminovaleric acid, a GABAB receptor antagonist, completely antagonized the inhibitory effect of baclofen, but not the inhibitory action of diazepam. Diazepam reduced the basal tone of detrusor muscle concentration dependently, and this inhibitory action was not affected by tetrodotoxin. Diazepam suppressed the contractile responses to bethanechol, adenosine triphosphate and potassium chloride. Diazepam diminished the calcium-induced recovery of tension in calcium-free PSS. A23187, a calcium ionophore, partially recovered the basal tone which had been reduced by diazepam in normal physiologic salt solution (PSS). The loss of tension in calcium free PSS containing diazepam could not be recovered by addition of A23187. On the other hand, the loss of tension in calcium-free PSS containing 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid 8(diethylamino)octyl ester (TMB-8), an inhibitor of intracellular calcium release, was considerably recovered by addition of A23187. Based on these results, it is suggested that diazepam inhibits the contractility of detrusor muscle acting directly on the smooth muscle cell, which is unrelated to the activation of GABA receptors. Its inhibitory action appears to be mediated through interference with the influx of extracellular calcium.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The bilateral effect of stellate ganglion block on the facial skin blood flow.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: It is our hypothesis that stellate ganglion block increases regional blood flow on the blocked side, but does not change cardiac output, suggesting that the corresponding regional blood flow on the contralateral side may decrease, which would be disadvantageous for patients with bilateral sympathetically-maintained pain. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of stellate ganglion block on facial skin blood flow. METHODS: Skin blood flow on the right and left forehead was measured by a laser blood flowmeter before stellate ganglion block and 15 minutes after the block. The block was performed for 8 outpatients with acute or chronic pain in the head or neck using a 24-gauge needle, 5 mL of 1% mepivacaine, and a paratracheal approach at the C6 transverse process. Time control without the block was obtained with 9 healthy volunteers. RESULTS: All the patients developed the Horner's syndrome on the blocked side, but not on the contralateral side. The facial skin blood flow increased from 7.5 +/- 1.1 mL/min/100 g to 14.5 +/- 1.4 mL/min/100 g on the blocked side (P < .01) and from 8.8 +/- 1.2 mL/min/100 g to 12.8 +/- 1.7 mL/min/100 g on the contralateral side (P < .05). The healthy volunteers without the block showed no significant change (from 10.1 +/- 0.8 mL/min/100 g to 10.3 +/- 0.7 mL/min/100 g). CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that stellate ganglion block may increase the contralateral regional skin blood flow.

Adult↗