Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASE”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 649 records · Page 36Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Psyche and gastrointestinal diseases: hypotheses and facts].

The notion that the development of certain gastrointestinal disorders and diseases can, at least in part, be ascribed to specific psychological characteristics of the patient, to an antecedent psychologically important event or to an unconscious conflict, is very popular both in the public and the medical profession. One of its earliest formulations was the conversion theory forwarded by Sigmund Freud, who assumed that the accumulation of a traumatic and unabreacted quota of affect induced defense or repression and caused a somatic conversion of emotion, i.e., a transformation into bodily symptoms. Subsequently, disorders such as globus sensation, diffuse oesophageal spasms and achalasia, the latter misconceived as "cardiospasm", were viewed as conversion symptoms. However, it has become clear that these disorders are the consequence of organic lesions and not of conversion. Similarly, concepts of an aetiological role of a specific psychological factor, a specific conflict, of certain affective states or live events and of "inappropriate perpetuations of organ reactions adaptive to, or protective against, some stress in human life" could not be verified. Although psychological characteristics and states have been shown to affect normal gastrointestinal function, there is no evidence to suggest that such influences can lead to gastrointestinal disorders or diseases. The fact that the validity of the concepts claiming such aetiological relationships remained to be tested has been repressed to such an extent in some quarters that these concepts still are advocated so as if they had been proven since long.

Conflict, Psychological↗
PubMed1992

Laboratory diagnosis of Clostridium difficile-associated gastrointestinal disease: comparison of a monoclonal antibody enzyme immunoassay for toxins A and B with a monoclonal antibody enzyme immunoassay for toxin A only and two cytotoxicity assays.

A total of 320 stool specimens obtained from 262 patients suspected of having Clostridium difficile-associated gastrointestinal disease were examined with two cytotoxicity assays (CTAs) and two commercially available enzyme immunoassays (EIAs). The CTAs were an in-house-developed procedure (University of Massachusetts Medical Center [UMMC], Worcester, Mass.) and a commercial test (Bartels CTA; Baxter Healthcare Corp., West Sacramento, Calif.). One EIA was a monoclonal antibody-based assay for C. difficile toxins A and B (Cambridge Biotech Corp. [CBC], Worcester, Mass.). The other EIA employed monoclonal antibodies directed against only toxin A (Meridian Diagnostics, Cincinnati, Ohio). True-positive and true-negative results were defined on the basis of the results of the four assays, clinical assessments of patients, and the results of other laboratory tests. The sensitivities of the four assays were as follows: Bartels CTA, 100%; UMMC CTA, 97.2%; CBC EIA, 84.5%; and Meridian EIA, 69.0%. The Bartels CTA demonstrated a specificity of 99.2%. The other three assays had a specificity of 100%.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed2005

Regulated expression of the beta2-toxin gene (cpb2) in Clostridium perfringens type a isolates from horses with gastrointestinal diseases.

Recent epidemiological studies suggested that cpb2-positive Clostridium perfringens isolates are associated with gastrointestinal (GI) diseases in horses. These putative relationships, indicated by PCR genotyping, were tested in the present study by further genotyping and phenotyping of 23 cpb2-positive C. perfringens isolates from horses with GI disease (referred to hereafter as horse GI disease isolates). Our beta2-toxin (CPB2) Western blot analyses demonstrated that all of the tested isolates were unable to produce detectable levels of CPB2. However, Southern blot and nucleotide sequencing analyses identified intact cpb2 open reading frames in all of our surveyed horse GI disease isolates. Furthermore, reverse transcriptase PCR and Northern blot analyses showed that cpb2 genes in all of our surveyed horse GI disease isolates were transcriptionally active, i.e., an approximately 1.2-kb cpb2-specific mRNA was identified in total RNA from our surveyed isolates. The levels of cpb2 mRNA in CWC245 (a high-CPB2-producing pig strain) and our surveyed horse GI disease isolates differed to such an extent (35-fold) that this difference could be considered as a major cause of the difference in levels of CPB2 production by CWC245 and horse GI disease isolates. This finding received further support from our observation that the complementing strain 106902(pMRS140), which produced significantly higher levels of mRNA than strain 106902, produced high levels of CPB2. Collectively, our results indicated that there is a positive correlation between cpb2 transcription levels and the amount of CPB2 produced by a C. perfringens cell and that decreased transcription and/or message instability may be involved, at least in part, in the low CPB2 production noted for horse GI disease isolates in comparison to that noted for pig GI disease isolate CWC245.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Differentiation of gastrointestinal diseases in adult cattle.

Many of the common gastrointestinal disorders of adult cattle may be diagnosed by a careful physical examination, whereas other disturbances require the use of diagnostic testing. It is important to differentiate the causes of gastrointestinal disturbances to make better treatment decisions and have a clearer prognosis for the specific animal or herd of cattle.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

A review of Campylobacter pylori in upper gastrointestinal disease.

The organism Campylobacter pylori is frequently found in association with gastritis and peptic ulcer disease. Whether it is the cause, a contributory factor or a simple commensal is not known but there is evidence to support a pathological role. Current research may alter our understanding of the causes of upper gastrointestinal disease and have important implications for treatment.

Campylobacter↗
PubMed2002

[Screening diagnosis of membrane-destructive process in children with maxillodental abnormalities and gastrointestinal diseases].

Native mixed saliva of 86 children with congenital and acquired dentognathic system deformations and gastrointestinal tract diseases was investigated by specially devised method using optical reflecting microscope Neophot-2. In cytological preparations of mixed saliva all the cell elements were with signs of significant edema and cytolysis. In detritus different structures of lipid aggregations prevailed. The block of cellular immunity defense factors was detected. 3 grades of membrane destructive process caused by structure functional peculiarities of cytoplasmatic membranes organization were identified.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

[Infusion therapy in gastrointestinal diseases].

In terms of a short review indications and applications of infusion therapy in gastroenterology (concerning vomiting, fistulas, diarrhea, ileus and peritonitis) are discussed. It is pointed out that in cases of water and electrolyte deficiency a rigid regimen is not reasonable. If possible a balance should be obtained. Parenteral nutrition is applied in obstructions of the upper gastrointestinal tract and in maldigestion and malabsorption.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1980

[Treatment of gastrointestinal disease with elemental diets (author's transl)].

Elemental diets are ballast-free formula diets, which are fully resorbed in the upper jejunum, and which do scarcely stimulate gastric, pancreatic or bile secretion; they contain no antigens, decrease intestinal work load, and do influence most probably the composition of the intestinal bacterial flora in a quantitative as well as qualitative way. Therefore such dietary preparations are used in gastrointestinal diseases. Their indications have not yet been clarified sufficiently by controlled therapeutic trials, however they are used with apparent success, especially in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, in malabsorption syndromes, and in patients with intestinal fistula.

Colitis↗
PubMed1994

Symptomatic management of HIV associated gastrointestinal disease.

This chapter describes the differential diagnosis and management of gastrointestinal symptoms associated with HIV infection. There is no clear point when management moves from intervention to palliation, and as with other manifestations of HIV disease, clinical decisions have to be guided by the wishes of the patient. In general, early diagnosis and treatment of HIV associated opportunistic infection are likely to keep patients symptom free, but when specific therapy is unavailable, unsuccessful or unwanted, then there is a clear indication to strive for symptom control using conventional palliative care.

Abdominal Pain↗
PubMed2002

Toll-like receptors and gastrointestinal diseases: from bench to bedside?

The family of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) plays a key role in mediating innate immune responses to numerous luminal commensal- and pathogen-derived pattern molecules by the intestinal mucosa. Recent findings have identified several ligands recognized by TLRs as well as the complex downstream signaling effects resulting from activation of these receptors. Understanding is emerging of the importance of TLRs in mucosal host defense-potentially triggering gastrointestinal diseases.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Risk of cancer onset in sub-Saharan Africans affected with chronic gastrointestinal parasitic diseases.

Gastrointestinal Schistosomiasis and Amebiasis are uncommon in the western world, while such infections are frequent in the African community. In addition to the problems associated with the clinical symptoms of these parasitic infections, it is important to stress the increase in cancer of the Gastro-Intestinal (GI) tract. In this study we evaluate the prevalence of cancer in patients affected by chronic inflammatory diseases caused by the above named parasites. In three years, from January 2000 to December 2003, we observed a total of 1199 subject. Of these, 950 presented with complaints of diarrhoea, vomiting, abdominal pain, melena, hematemesis, rectal discharges and alteration of bowel habits. A total of 818 patients were evaluated in Uganda (Mulago and Arua hospitals) and 381 at Luisa Guidotti Hospital in Zimbabwe. An exhaustive clinical history was collected for each patient and then physical and laboratory examinations were performed. The clinical files of all patients previously admitted to the respective hospitals were obtained and the information taken from these files was then integrated with our clinical findings. Subjects who were found free of gastro-intestinal disease after examinations and did not have a clinical history of infective GI disease but presented with other pathologies, were regarded as control group. The control group was composed of 249 subjects. The subjects who were positive on examination underwent further investigations. The number of patients affected by schistosomiasis and amebiasis were 221 and 224 respectively. The number of patients who suffered from aspecific enterocolitis was 454, intestinal tuberculosis was present in 21 patients and we found 30 patients with esophageal candidiasis. Patients who had the above mentioned GI diseases were then divided into 3 groups. First group was composed of patients who had a clinical history of infective GI diseases and were re-admitted for similar symptoms, and on examination were positive for the presence of the same infective GI diseases. Such patients were placed in the Chronic group. The second group was formed of patients who had previously undergone treatment for infective GI diseases but on readmission were found free of infective GI disease, and this group was described as the Cured group. They had symptoms associated with other pathologies. A third group, which we described as the Acute group was composed of patients who did not have any previous case of GI infection and were admitted for the first time. Such patients were found positive on examination for infective GI diseases. In the 950 patients, we found a total of 45 tumors. The tumors were prevalent (42 tumors) in the chronic group. In 34 patients the tumor was in the colo-rectal region, in 3 patients in the stomach, in 4 patients in the esophagus and 1 patient had cancer in the small bowel. Our results show a strong association between the chronic infection of the GI tract and the likelihood to develop tumors. However, it is not clear which biological mechanisms are implicated in such transformations. They may depend on the chronic inflammation of the GI mucous which permits the entrance of carcinogenic materials or on the effects of mutagenic products produced by the parasites or both.

Africa South of the Sahara↗