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PubMed2004

[Behavioral characteristics of the only child vs first-born and children with siblings].

OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of being an only child on characteristics of parental and peer relationships, school achievement, social and sexual behavior. METHODS: In the total, 360 adolescents identified at third year of high school were sampled from a private school from Porto Alegre in 2000 and 2001. Fifteen to nineteen years old male and female were selected in a cross-sectional study. Assessment of demographic data, education of the parents, birth order (only child, first born and non-first born children), cigarette smoking, alcoholic beverages consumption, illicit drug use, school achievement, social and sexual behavior were gathered with a pre-tested self-administered questionnaire, anonymously fulfilled at the classroom. RESULTS: This study encompassed 8% of only children, 35% first-born, and 57% non-first born adolescents of a socioeconomic homogeneous sample. Social behavior, parents and peer relationships, sports participation, smoking and illicit drug were not associated with birth order. Only children were less likely to report an episode of alcohol intoxication (39%) than first-born (68.9%; p=0.03) and adolescents with siblings (72.3%; p<0.001). Only children had high school achievement than adolescents with siblings (p=0.03). Sexual behavior distinguished only children due to younger age at first sexual intercourse and lower rate of heterosexual self-identification, which persisted even after adjustment for confounding variables in comparison with non first-born adolescents (p=0.038). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that the status of being only child is not associated with a poor outcome in several areas of the development. The impact of the presence of siblings in the development of sexual identification should be further explored.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Fertility, contraception, and fatherhood: data on men and women from cycle 6 (2002) of the 2002 National Survey of Family Growth.

OBJECTIVE: This report presents national estimates of fertility, family formation, contraceptive use, and father involvement indicators among males 15-44 years of age in the United States in 2002 from Cycle 6 of the National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG). Data are also shown for women for purposes of comparison. METHODS: Descriptive tables of numbers and percentages are presented. Data were collected through in-person interviews of the household population 15-44 years of age in the United States between March 2002 and March 2003. The sample included 7,643 females and 4,928 males. This report focuses primarily on data from the male sample, but compares findings with the female data whenever appropriate. The overall response rate for Cycle 6 of the NSFG was 79 percent, and the response rate for men was 78 percent. RESULTS: This report covers a wide range of topics including first sexual intercourse and its timing in relation to marriage; contraceptive use; wantedness of births in the past 5 years; marital and cohabiting status at first birth; living arrangement of fathers with their children; father's activities with children they live with and those they do not live with; HIV-risk related behaviors; and infertility services. CONCLUSION: The reproductive experiences of men and women 15-44 years of age in the United States vary significantly, and often sharply, by demographic characteristics such as education, income, and Hispanic origin and race.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pupil-led sex education in England (RIPPLE study): cluster-randomised intervention trial.

BACKGROUND: Improvement of sex education in schools is a key part of the UK government's strategy to reduce teenage pregnancy in England. We examined the effectiveness of one form of peer-led sex education in a school-based randomised trial of over 8000 pupils. METHODS: 29 schools were randomised to either peer-led sex education (intervention) or to continue their usual teacher-led sex education (control). In intervention schools, peer educators aged 16-17 years delivered three sessions of sex education to 13-14 year-old pupils from the same schools. Primary outcome was unprotected (without condom) first heterosexual intercourse by age 16 years. Analysis was by intention to treat. FINDINGS: By age 16 years, significantly fewer girls reported intercourse in the peer-led arm than in the control arm, but proportions were similar for boys. The proportions of pupils reporting unprotected first sex did not differ for girls (8.4% intervention vs 8.3% control) or for boys (6.2% vs 4.7%). Stratified estimates of the difference between arms were -0.4% (95% CI -3.7% to 2.8%, p=0.79) for girls and -1.4% (-4.4% to 1.6%, p=0.36) for boys. At follow-up (mean age 16.0 years [SD 0.32]), girls in the intervention arm reported fewer unintended pregnancies, although the difference was borderline (2.3% vs 3.3%, p=0.07). Girls and boys were more satisfied with peer-led than teacher-led sex education, but 57% of girls and 32% of boys wanted sex education in single-sex groups. INTERPRETATION: Peer-led sex education was effective in some ways, but broader strategies are needed to improve young people's sexual health. The role of single-sex sessions should be investigated further.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of sexual activity in patients treated with tadalafil: a randomized prospective placebo-controlled trial.

The chronological distribution of sexual intercourses in a group of patients treated with tadalafil versus placebo for 3 months was evaluated. In total, 120 patients with ED were randomized in two groups and treated, respectively, with one pill of tadalafil 20 mg or placebo on Tuesday and on Friday. After 3 months, we collected data using IIEF and SEP diaries. After 3 months, IIEF score and percentages of success SEP diaries increased in the tadalafil group (<0.01) versus placebo group. Considering all the successful intercourses of the 3 months of tadalafil assumption, the highest percentages were reported within 6-12 h range (35%) and 12-24 h range (28%). In tadalafil group, 41% of patients reported their first successful intercourse between 1 and 6 h and 78% of patients reported the recovery of spontaneous erections. In conclusion, after carrying out the first sexual attempt between 1 and 6 h, patients engaged in sexual activity between 6 and 24 h.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Premarital sexual intercourse among adolescents in Malaysia: a cross-sectional Malaysian school survey.

INTRODUCTION: Sexual intercourse among Malaysian adolescents is a major concern, especially with the worry of HIV/AIDS. This study was done to determine the prevalence of sexual intercourse among secondary school students aged 12 to 19 years in Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional school survey conducted on 4,500 adolescent students based on a structured questionnaire. Data were collected using the self-administered questionnaire (translated version of the Youth Risk Behaviour Surveillance in Bahasa Malaysia). RESULTS: The study showed that 5.4 percent of the total sample were reported to have had sexual intercourse. The proportion among male students who had had sex was higher (8.3 percent) compared with female students (2.9 percent). The mean age at first sexual intercourse was 15 years. One percent of students reported that they had been pregnant or had made someone else pregnant. Adolescent sexual intercourse was significantly associated with (1) socio-demographical factors (age, gender); (2) environmental factors (staying with parents); and (3) substance use (alcohol use, cigarette smoking, drug use), even after adjustment for demographical factors. The survey showed that 20.8 percent of respondents had taken alcohol, 14.0 percent had smoked cigarettes, 2.5 percent had tried marijuana, 1.2 percent had tried ecstasy pills, 2.6 percent had tried glue sniffing, 0.7 percent had tried heroin, and 0.7 percent had intravenous drugs. CONCLUSION: Prevalence of sexual intercourse among Malaysian adolescents was relatively low compared to developed countries. However, certain groups of adolescents tend to be at higher risk of engaging in sexual intercourse. This problem should be addressed early by targeting these groups of high-risk adolescents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Oral contraceptive use and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

To explore the somewhat controversial relationship between oral contraceptives and pre-invasive cervical cancer, 103 cases of biopsy-confirmed cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) II or CIN III were compared with 258 controls who had normal cervical cytology. Cases were slightly less likely than controls to have ever used oral contraceptives; the odds ratio, controlling for age, socioeconomic status, barrier method use, smoking history, age at first sexual intercourse, number of sex partners, current marital status, and number of Pap smears, was 0.7 (95% CI 0.3-1.6). Recency, latency, duration, and age at first oral contraceptive use were evaluated and in no instance was oral contraceptive use positively associated with CIN. This study adds to the body of knowledge that oral contraceptives are not associated with pre-invasive cervical cancer. Further, if oral contraceptive users continue to be regularly screened, their risk of developing the more invasive lesions should be very low.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Increased condom use at sexual debut in the general population of Slovenia and association with subsequent condom use.

OBJECTIVES: To describe the extent of condom use at first heterosexual intercourse (FHI) in the general population of Slovenia, identify associated factors and assess the association with subsequent use. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey comprising the first Slovenian National Survey of Sexual Lifestyles, Attitudes and Health. METHODS: Data were collected during 1999-2001 from a probability sample of the general population aged 18-49 years. Statistical methods for complex survey data were used to carry out weighted analyses. RESULTS: Condom use at FHI was reported by 23.6% of men and 21.3% of women. The more recently they experienced FHI, the more likely respondents were to report condom use (71.7% of men; 63.8% of women with FHI during 1995-1999). Men with FHI at age 18 or older and those with higher levels of education were more likely to use a condom and those who lost control (because drunk or carried away by feelings) less likely. Men seem to have more control over condom use at FHI than women. Sexually active men and women who used condom at FHI were 11 and 2.5 times more likely to consistently use condoms during the month preceding the interview. CONCLUSIONS: Currently, the majority of Slovenian men and women use protection against HIV, other sexually transmitted infections, and unplanned conception at FHI. The steep increase over time in condom use at FHI suggests that HIV-related condom use promotion has had an impact on preventive behaviours and should be sustained, especially since condom use at FHI predicts subsequent use.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Differences and similarities in sexual and contraceptive knowledge, attitudes, and behavior among Latino male adolescent students in California, United States and Lima, Peru.

To identify the differences and similarities in sexual and contraceptive knowledge, attitudes, and behavior among Latino male adolescent students living in California and Lima. Self-administered, anonymous surveys were completed by Latino male students aged 12-19 participating in California, and by male adolescent students in four high schools in Lima. Both surveys contained similar questions allowing for comparisons regarding sexual activity and contraceptive behavior. The mean age of male students were 16 and 15 years, respectively. More California males reported having engaged in sexual intercourse (69% vs 43%. The sexual debut was 13 years in both samples. More students in California were aware of their risk of pregnancy at first sexual intercourse than in Lima (82% vs 50%). One-third of the California males reported communicating with their partner about sex and contraception to be "easy" as compared to 53% of males in Lima. More students in California reported knowing a place to obtain contraceptives if they need them (85% vs 63%), having ever gotten someone pregnant (29% vs 7%), and having fathered a child (67% vs 16%).

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Communicating with new sex partners: college women and questions that make a difference.

Despite efforts of sexuality educators, many college women are uninfluenced by information about risks of contracting a sexually transmitted disease or initiating an unintentional pregnancy. This study used an anonymous questionnaire administered to 438 never-married undergraduate women to investigate the failure of college women to ask new sex partners about sexual histories prior to sexual intercourse. Significant differences were found between the three subsample groups: those who "almost always" (AA), "sometimes" (S), or "rarely" (R) asked their sex partners about sexual histories. At first sexual intercourse, AA group women were significantly more likely to have been in a committed relationship, to have been contracepted, and to have been older; and they were less likely to have been under the influence of alcohol or other mind-altering substances. Furthermore, AA group women also reported fewer sex partners than other respondents. They also were more likely to discuss sexually related topics with their partners, to reach sexual decisions by their own thoughts, and to set personal goals.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Past reproductive and sexual characteristics of women with tubal infertility at Kenyatta National Hospital.

Past reproductive and sexual characteristics of patients with tubal sterility (cases) and currently fertile women (control group) were studied. The ages at first coitus and the number of sexual partners were significantly more (p less than 0.01) in the cases than in the controls. Most cases (56.0%) had only primary school education whereas most of the controls (68.7%) had secondary school education. Nearly 70% of the cases had had the first sexual intercourse by 16 years compared with about 40% in the controls. Pre-menarcheal sexual intercourse occurred in 1/4 of the cases compared with less than 1/10 in the controls (p less than 0.001). Of those with secondary infertility; 33.3% had had the first pregnancy by the age of 16 years compared with 12.0% in the controls (p less than 0.001); and in 83.3% of the cases, the first pregnancy was not by the current husband compared with 26.0% in the controls (p less than 0.001). In addition, the cases had more abortions before marriage (p less than 0.001), more induced abortions (p less than 0.001) and had medically diagnosed sexually transmitted diseases more often (p less than 0.01). It is concluded that the reproductive and sexual events that occur during the teen-age determine the future prospects of fertility. Intensification of educational programs by the government and all relevant organisations, with emphasis on the relationship between sexual behaviour during adolescence and future reproductive problems, is strongly recommended.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Adolescent sexual behaviour: results from an Ontario sample. Part 1: Adolescent sexual activity.

In spite of a variety of broad-based interventions, rates of adolescent sexual intercourse remain high. Using data from a large longitudinal study, this paper provides empirical evidence of Canadian adolescent sexual activity rates by age and gender. The incidence of first sexual intercourse among those 13-15 years was higher among males than females; by ages 16-17 years, rates were the same for both genders (25%). Prevalence of sexual intercourse with age; by age 16-17 years, similar rates were reported for both genders (approximately 50%). Analysis of data over a three-year period indicated that at each age, over 80% of adolescents reported intermittent or no sexual intercourse. Different factors predicted the absence of early sexual intercourse for the two genders. These data provide useful information about Canadian adolescent sexual activity, particularly related to identifying high risk groups for targeted prevention interventions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Comparative epidemiologic study of 120 patients with condylomatous lesions and 120 control patients].

The authors compared 120 women who had condylomata with 120 controls. The patients were more frequently single or divorced than the controls. Age at first sexual intercourse was the same in the patients and in the controls, but the total number of sexual partners was higher in the patients than in the controls. The age at first pregnancy was 24 years in the patients and 28 in the controls. About equal numbers of genital infections were found in the history of the controls as in the patients. On the other hand some specific urogenital infections were more frequent in the patients. Chlamydia diagnosed by a positive level at 1/64 in the serum test occurred in 21.4 per cent of patients and 5.5 per cent of controls.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Safe sex versus safe love? Relationship context and condom use among male adolescents in the favelas of Recife, Brazil.

This study examined the influence of the relationship context where adolescent sexual activity takes place on contraceptive decisions. The data were collected in a specially designed survey carried out in May 2000 on 1,438 adolescent males aged 13-19 residing in favelas (urban slum areas) of Recife, Brazil. A logistic regression analysis of condom use at last sexual intercourse and a multinomial logit analysis of contraceptive method choice were performed for 678 sexually active adolescents. Educational attainment, degree of knowledge of HIV transmission and prevention, and condom use at first sexual intercourse were found to be significantly associated with current condom use. Regarding the relationship context, the analysis revealed that adolescent males in steady relationships were less likely to use condoms, less likely to regard themselves at risk of HIV infection, and more concerned about pregnancy prevention than adolescents in casual relationships. Differentials in condom use by type of relationship, however, did not result from a higher rejection of contraception by steady partners but from their higher likelihood to rely on other contraceptive methods. Results suggest that prevention campaigns need to take into account the intimate context where adolescents assess potential health risks, and to address the divergent symbolic meanings condoms may have in different types of relationships. If an increase of condom use among stable sexual partners is pursued, public health campaigns might need to romanticize condom use as a sign of love and trust and place more emphasis on the benefits of dual protection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Adolescent sexuality: the gender gap.

The aim of this paper is to determine gender differences as regards adolescent sexuality, in order to improve the adjustment of prevention programmes to boys' and girls' specific needs. Data were collected as part of the Swiss Multicentric Adolescent Survey on Health. Anonymous questionnaires were distributed in school classes among a national representative sample of about 9,300 adolescents (15 to 20 years old). About 45% of the total sample reported a previous sexual experience. Differences between boys and girls were identified by means of bivariate and multivariate analyses. A higher proportion of Swiss girls report intra-family discussions about sexuality, having had a previous sexual experience, having sexual intercourse regularly, having had only one partner, and using contraception regularly. A higher proportion of Swiss boys report positive attitudes towards condoms and using condoms regularly. Variables independently associated with the occurrence of first sexual intercourse before 15 years old also show gender differences, notably as regards health behaviours and social adjustment. The findings suggest that prevention programmes should emphasize, among boys, responsibility in contraception and the need for protection in situations of multipartnership, and among girls, a positive attitude towards condom use and an increased familiarity with condoms presented both in a perspective of contraception and prevention of STDs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[Use of contraceptives among adolescent girls and its relation with the Chlamydia trachomatis infection].

OBJECTIVES: Study aimed to evaluate the age of early sexual intercourse of adolescent girls and peculiarities of use of contraceptives. Establishing the risk factors for Chlamydia trachomatis infection was one of study objectives. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The "Questionnaire on Sexual Health Behavior" was developed by the authors. Anonymous questionnaire survey was conducted among 487 adolescent girls aged 15-19 years at vocational training schools and general education secondary schools in Kaunas. RESULTS: Out of the respondent girls, 29.9% were exposed for the sexual intercourse at the age of 15 years or earlier. Only 30.0% of adolescent girls reported use of contraceptives during their last sexual intercourse. Majority of respondent girls has reported use of condoms (87.7%). One third of respondents (33.1%) used method of interrupted sexual intercourse, 22.3% used hormonal contraceptive pills, 13.0% reported use the method of calculation of fertility days, and 6.5%--local chemical contraceptives. CONCLUSIONS: It was established that significant part of adolescent girls have had their first sexual intercourse before age of 15 years. Adolescent girls have indicated poor knowledge and irregular use of contraceptives. Respondent girls, who were infected by Chlamydia trachomatis reported poor attitudes and knowledge concerning the risky sexual behavior.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Third Italian national survey on knowledge, attitudes, and sexual behaviour in relation to HIV/AIDS risk and the role of health education campaigns.

AIM: The survey, supported by the National Health Institute (ISS), investigates on sources of information for HIV/AIDS and sexual behaviour of the Italian general population. METHODS: The survey was carried out in four different Italian provinces with different geographical, social, and epidemiological patterns of HIV/AIDS: Bari, Milan, Parma, and Perugia. A self-administered questionnaire was used to interview a sample of 2000 people, aged 18-49 years, chosen using a quota-sampling, considering age, sex, and level of education. RESULTS: A total of 1985 persons filled in the questionnaire. Among them, 73.2% reported Ministry of Health as their main source of information and 76.7% TV/radio advertising as their main means of information. Sexually active subjects, experiencing occasional sexual intercourse, were 22.4%; of them 34.6% did not refer a systematic use of condom. Among sexually active people, half (45.7%) reported as irrelevant their risk of infection, 6.9% as high. Being male (OR = 6.175) and having the first sexual intercourse before 18 years (OR = 2.076) were significantly associated with sexual behaviour at risk (males having unsafe sexual intercourses with prostitutes or during partners' menstrual period; both sexes having unsafe occasional sexual intercourses or anal sex), while living in Northern Italy (OR = 0.672) was significantly protective. Subjects with sexual behaviour at risk were about 40%. CONCLUSIONS: The need for further education campaigns, and their consequent evaluations, is relevant. Monitoring sexual behaviour of general population, focusing on risk behaviour rather than risk groups, is fundamental nowadays in preventing HIV.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The reproductive characteristics of adolescents and young adults in Mexico City].

This article presents the preliminary findings of the Survey on Teenagers and Youth Reproductive Behavior in the Metropolitan Area of Mexico City, which contains information on 1,010 teenagers and young adults from 10 to 25 years of age interviewed in 1987. The average age was 17 years; 51.7 per cent of those interviewed were male and 48.3 per cent were female. A total of 14.6 per cent were married, being the average age at marriage 19.2 years for males and 17.8 years for females. Menarche occurred at an average age of 12.4 years, and spermarche at 14. Of those interviewed, 32.7 per cent have had sexual intercourse at least once in their lives. The average age at which sexual activity had begun, in the case of males, was 16 years and for females, 17 years. Of this group, 33.8 per cent stated that they had used some form of contraception during the first sexual intercourse; the contraceptive methods used most often were rhythm and withdrawal. The main source of supply of other methods is the pharmacy, in 67 per cent. 18.4 per cent of women had been pregnant, and 20.4 per cent of men's partners had presented this same condition. The first pregnancy occurred at 17.8 years for women and 18.7 for men. Of those men and women with a pregnancy experience 66.1 per cent and 57.3 per cent, respectively, stated that their first pregnancy was an unplanned one. Also, first pregnancy was related to their first marriage in 48.1 per cent of women and 82.4 per cent of male. The data presented here will reinforce current knowledge and will enable us to obtain a profile of the reproductive behavior of teenagers and young adults in the metropolitan area of Mexico City.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Surveillance of sexual behaviour among homosexual men in a central London health authority.

OBJECTIVE: To establish a surveillance mechanism of high risk sexual behaviour among homosexual and bisexual men living, socialising and using services in a central London health authority. DESIGN: Baseline survey for a system of repeatable behavioural surveillance using a self-completed questionnaire delivered by healthcare providers. SETTING: Genitourinary medicine clinics, gay bars, clubs, community groups and a cruising ground in the defined geographical area of a central London health authority. PARTICIPANTS: Five hundred and fifty three homosexual and bisexual men. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Self-reported behaviours including unprotected anal intercourse (UAI), HIV status of unprotected anal intercourse partners, uptake of HIV testing and use of condoms at first time of anal intercourse. RESULTS: Five hundred and sixty questionnaires were returned (response rate 76%) from 553 men. A third (35%) of men surveyed had had UAI in the previous year. Nearly a fifth (19%) of the sample had had UAI with one or more partners of a discordant or unknown HIV status. A total of 343 (63%) men had had an HIV test. The proportion of men using condoms on the occasion of first anal intercourse has risen from 6% before 1980 to 88% after 1993. CONCLUSIONS: We have demonstrated that a surveillance programme to monitor high risk sexual behaviour among homosexual men can be easily established. The results can be employed to assess progress towards risk reduction targets and also inform future policy development. Our baseline data demonstrate that a large proportion of homosexual men are continuing to engage in high risk sexual behaviour, although there is some evidence of improvement in condom use at first anal intercourse over time. There is a need for continuing health promotion with evaluation among homosexual men.

Adolescent↗