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At least 649 records · Page 36Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

HIV, HBV, and HCV infections among drug-involved, inner-city, street sex workers in Miami, Florida.

This study describes the rates of HIV, HBV, and HCV seropositivity among drug-involved, female street sex workers in low-income, inner-city sections of Miami, Florida; further, their sociodemographic characteristics, drug use, and sexual risk behaviors were assessed; and predictors of infection were reported. A sample of 586 sex workers was recruited through targeted sampling methods, interviewed, and counseled and tested for the presence of antibody to HIV, HBV, and HCV. Respondents' median age was 38 years, median time in sex work was 14 years, all were heavily involved in the use of alcohol and drugs, and 42% were homeless. More than half (51.0%) had engaged in unprotected vaginal sex in the past month. Prevalences were HIV, 22.4%; HBV, 53.4%; HCV, 29.7%. A multidimensional public health program must address not only issues related to unsafe sex, but also the problems of drug abuse, homelessness, and other lifestyle factors that contribute to risk behaviors.

Adult↗
PubMed2007

The relationship of antipsychotic medication class and adherence with treatment outcomes and costs for Florida Medicaid beneficiaries with schizophrenia.

While some studies show a significant advantage in adherence rates with use of atypical versus typical antipsychotic medication, others show no advantage or mixed results (Jones et al. (2006). Archives of General Psychiatry, 63, 1079-1087; Rosenheck, (2006). Archives of General Psychiatry, 63, 1074-1076). This study examined treatment outcomes and costs associated with adherence rates by antipsychotic medication class for adult Medicaid beneficiaries in Florida diagnosed with schizophrenia. Outcomes examined include arrests, involuntary commitments, and physical and behavioral healthcare costs. Study findings demonstrate that medication adherence for persons with schizophrenia may be as important to treatment costs and benefits as the class of medication used.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Larval Cryptothelea gloverii (Lepidoptera: Psychidae), an arthropod predator and herbivore on Florida citrus.

The orange bagworm (OBW), Cryptothelea gloverii (Packard) (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) was previously reported feeding on citrus fruit and foliage and preying upon the camphor scale Pseudaonidia duplex (Cockerell) (Homoptera: Coccidae). In this study using laboratory assays, OBW preyed upon citrus rust mite, Phyllocoptruta oleivora (Ashmead) (Acari: Eriophyidae) and consumed eggs and adults of both P. oleivora and Panonychus citri (McGregor) (Acari: Tetranychidae), two important pest mites on Florida citrus. OBW was also observed to feed on the purple scale, Lepidosaphes beckii (Newman) (Homoptera: Diaspididae) and on a fungus (Penicillium sp.). OBW fed on orange and grapefruit leaves by starting from the border and eating part of the leaf, by chewing holes, or consuming the outer epithelium of either the axial or abaxial surface of the leaf without penetrating through the leaf. OBW was observed in orange orchards in association with fruit extensively russeted by P. oleivora feeding. Laboratory assays revealed that OBW larvae preferred to feed on oranges infested with P. oleivora rather than on clean fruits that were free of mite feeding damage. Feeding damage to citrus fruit by OBW larvae results in one to several holes being eaten into the rind or albedo, without damage to the fruit sacs.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

The effect of race/ethnicity and insurance in the administration of standard therapy for local breast cancer in Florida.

OBJECTIVES: Assess the effect of race/ethnicity and insurance coverage on the receipt of standard treatment for local breast cancer. METHODS: Local breast cancers diagnosed between July 1997 and December 2000 and reported to Florida's registry were linked to the Agency of Healthcare Administration inpatient and outpatient databases, resulting in 23,817 female local breast cancers with informative treatment. Standard treatment was defined as mastectomy or breast-conserving surgery followed by radiation therapy and it was modeled as a function of health insurance and race/ethnicity accounting for age at diagnosis, marital status and facility type. RESULTS: Approximately 88% of the local breast cancers received standard treatment. The likelihood of standard treatment decreased by 3% per year of increase in the age at diagnosis. Compared to white non-Hispanic, black non-Hispanic women were 19% less likely to receive standard treatment (OR=0.81, 95%CI=0.68, 0.97) and Hispanics were 23% less likely (OR=0.77, 95%CI=0.66, 0.89). Local breast cancers diagnosed in non-teaching facilities were 21% more likely to receive standard treatment compared to those diagnosed in teaching facilities (OR=1.21; 95%CI=1.05, 1.38)). Compared to single, married women were 51% more likely to get standard treatment (OR=1.51, 95%CI=1.31, 1.66), followed by separated or divorced women that were 37% more likely (OR=1.37, 95%CI =1.13, 1.66). Compared to the privately insured, Medicare beneficiaries were 36% more likely to receive standard treatment (OR=1.36, 95%CI=1.22, 1.51) whereas the uninsured were 24% less likely (OR=0.76, 95%CI=0.59, 0.96); Medicaid insured women were 29% less likely to receive standard treatment compared to the uninsured (OR=0.71, 95%CI=0.53, 0.96). CONCLUSION: Future efforts should target the elderly, Hispanic and black women, the uninsured, and those on Medicaid in order to reduce treatment disparities.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Phase I of the Kissimmee River restoration project, Florida, USA: impacts of construction on water quality.

Phase I of the Kissimmee River restoration project included backfilling of 12 km of canal and restoring flow through 24 km of continuous river channel. We quantified the effects of construction activities on four water quality parameters (turbidity, total phosphorus flow-weighted concentration, total phosphorus load and dissolved oxygen concentration). Data were collected at stations upstream and downstream of the construction and at four stations within the construction zone to determine if canal backfilling and construction of 2.4 km of new river channel would negatively impact local and downstream water quality. Turbidity levels at the downstream station were elevated for approximately 2 weeks during the one and a half year construction period, but never exceeded the Florida Department of Environmental Protection construction permit criteria. Turbidity levels at stations within the construction zone were high at certain times. Flow-weighted concentration of total phosphorus at the downstream station was slightly higher than the upstream station during construction, but low discharge limited downstream transport of phosphorus. Total phosphorus loads at the upstream and downstream stations were similar and loading to Lake Okeechobee was not significantly affected by construction. Mean water column dissolved oxygen concentrations at all sampling stations were similar during construction.

Conservation of Natural Resources↗
PubMed2006

The ecological condition of Gulf of Mexico resources from Perdido Key to Port St. Joe, Florida: Part II near-shelf coastal resources.

In 1999, the United States Environmental Protection Agency Gulf Ecology Division initiated a pilot study to assess the condition of nearshore coastal resources. Near-shelf areas associated with coastal beaches are susceptible to land based activities, but are not consistently monitored. Additionally, few or no marine water quality criteria exist for evaluating these waters. The goal of this pilot study was to assess the ecological condition of Gulf of Mexico near-shelf resources using a probability-based survey design. Data are used to generate a baseline assessment of condition in coastal nearshore areas and provide a comparative tool for evaluating future trends in condition. Water quality, sediment quality and benthic diversity data can provide a baseline assessment for managers to evaluate the potential for future problems such as nutrient over-enrichment, sediment contamination and degraded biological condition. We present results from a probability-based survey demonstration assessing near-shelf resources along the Florida panhandle.

Caribbean Region↗
PubMed2006

Ambient aerosol and its carbon content in Gainesville, a mid-scale city in Florida.

Ambient aerosols were collected during 2000-2001 in Gainesville, Florida, using a micro-orifice uniform deposit impactor (MOUDI) to study mass size distribution and carbon composition. A bimodal mass distribution was found in every sample with major peaks for aerosols ranging from 0.32 to 0.56 microm, and 3.2 to 5.6 microm in diameter. The two distributions represent the fine mode (<2.5 microm) and the coarse mode (>2.5 microm) of particle size. Averaged over all sites and seasons, coarse particles consisted of 15% carbon while fine particles consisted of 22% carbon. Considerable variation was noted between winter and summer seasons. Smoke from fireplaces in winter appeared to be an important factor for the carbon, especially the elemental carbon contribution. In summer, organic carbon was more abundant. The maximum secondary organic carbon was also found in this season (7.0 microg m(-3)), and the concentration is between those observed in urban areas (15-20 microg m(-3)) and in rural areas (4-5 microg m(-3)). However, unlike in large cities where photochemical activity of anthropogenic emissions are determinants of carbon composition, biogenic sources were likely the key factor in Gainesville. Other critical factors that affect the distribution, shape and concentration were precipitation, brushfire and wind.

Aerosols↗
PubMed2006

Psychosocial and cultural influences on cardiovascular health and quality of life among Hispanic cardiac patients in South Florida.

This study examined whether psychosocial and cultural factors were related to four dimensions of cardiac-related quality of life (global, physical, emotional, and social functioning) in 120 Hispanic coronary heart disease (CHD) outpatients in south Florida. Survey data were collected on sociodemographic (age, gender, socioeconomic status), psychosocial (depression, social support), and cultural factors (acculturation, familism, fatalism), and quality of life. Medical data on CHD severity (New York Heart Association class, time since diagnosis) were obtained from patients' clinic records. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that women and patients with more severe CHD had poorer quality of life than men or patients with less severe CHD. Psychosocial and cultural factors were associated with poorer quality of life after controlling for sociodemographic and medical variables: Depression was associated with all four quality of life dimensions (p < .001); and fatalism (p < .05) was associated with lower social functioning in women. These findings identify Hispanic subgroups with poor cardiac-related quality of life that can benefit from special outreach.

Acculturation↗
PubMed1996

Alcohol use among pedestrians and the odds of surviving an injury: evidence from Florida law enforcement data.

Alcohol consumption by pedestrians is widely recognized as a factor influencing the risk of being hit by a motor vehicle, but its effect on the likelihood of dying, given that a collision has occurred, is more uncertain. Studies of drivers find that alcohol increases the risk. Unlike previous studies based on clinical data, the present study is population-based and takes into account indicators of crash severity. Using Florida law enforcement data, logistic regression models yielded a four to fivefold increase in the odds ratios associated with alcohol use, depending on the model. Findings from a model investigating the magnitude of the potential bias due to differential investigative behavior indicated bias may account for some but not all of the increase in the odds of dying. Recommendations include improving law enforcement procedures for identifying alcohol impairment and increasing public awareness of the risk involved in mixing heavy drinking and walking.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1975

Waterborne typhoid fever in Dade County, Florida. Clinical and therapeutic evaluation of 105 bacteremic patients.

An extensive outbreak of waterborne typhoid fever occurred in 1973 at a migrant labor camp in Dade County, Florida. Blood cultures from 105 of the 188 patients with proved or presumptive cases of typhoid fever grew Salmonella typhi. The clinical and laboratory findings in these patients were reviewed. Fever, usually with temperatures above 38.8 degrees C and of the sustained type, was a primary manifestation of disease, although a majority of the patients also complained of headache and gastroenteric symptoms. Hepatic or splenic enlargement was present in 52 per cent and 42 per cent, respectively, whereas rose spots were detected in only 13 per cent. The total leukocyte count was normal in 74 per cent, but serum levels of liver and muscle enzymes were frequently elevated. Gastrointestinal, pulmonary and neurologic complications were infrequent; circulatory failure was not observed. Defervescence in response to antibiotic therapy was variable; however, the median response among 68 patients who received chloramphenicol was two days less than that in 34 patients treated with ampicillin. There was one possible treatment failure with ampicillin. The relapse rate of 10 per cent in chloramphenicol-treated patients was not significantly greater than the 3 per cent rate among those treated with ampicillin. Serologic studies for typhoid fever were of limited diagnostic value since the titer of agglutinins was 1:160 or higher in 49 per cent of the serums obtained before treatment, and a fourfold rise in titer occurred in only 24 per cent of 57 patients studied. The serologic response to chloramphenicol treatment did not differ from that to ampicillin.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Clinical findings and results of treatment in an outbreak of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in southern Florida.

An epidemic of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in Miami, Florida, involved approximately 800 documented cases and more than 2,500 suspected cases. This epidemic was caused by an enterovirus 70 infection affecting primarily young black people residing within a high-risk area. Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis is characterized by the rapid onset of swollen eyelids, foreign-body sensation, burning, watery discharge, and, usually, bilateral ocular involvement. Signs include distinctive bulbar conjunctival hemorrhages and a follicular conjunctival reaction with only mild and infrequent corneal involvement. This infection is short in duration, self-limited, and free of significant ocular sequelae. Symptomatic treatment appears to be as effective as various topical medical regimens for relief of symptoms. Secondary bacterial infections (occurring in individuals who used urine as an eyewash) and one case of a transient acute Bell's palsy were the only complications associated with this acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis epidemic.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1996

The Florida trauma system: assessment of a statewide data base.

The State of Florida maintains a statewide trauma registry. This paper examines the data provided to the registry by four Level I, four Level II, and four non-designated trauma care facilities within the state for completion. There were 18,961 patients records in the registry between 1 July 1991 and 30 June 1992 which were reviewed. Completed records were defined as containing appropriate notations for age, mechanism of injury, Glasgow Coma Scale, systolic blood pressure, respiratory rate, and Injury Severity Score. The mean completion rate in Level I facilities was 22.75 per cent, in Level II facilities it was 19.75 per cent and in non-designated centres it was 31.95 per cent. The deficits in completion may lead to errors in calculating trauma system efficacy, outcomes, and costs. Assigning and enforcing responsibility for completion of trauma registry data within individual facilities may aid in the resolution of these issues.

Databases, Factual↗
PubMed1990

Seasonal transmission of Fasciola hepatica in north central Florida (U.S.A.).

To assess seasonal transmission of Fasciola hepatica 37 groups of fluke-free tracer sheep, one group of four sheep each month in succession, grazed an infected pasture in north central Florida (U.S.A.) from June 1984 to June 1987. At the end of each month, tracers were moved to a fluke-free barn for 2 months, then necropsied and flukes counted. Fluke transmission mostly occurred during the first half of the year, with peak transmission from February to April. No transmission occurred during the warm summer months, having ceased in either May or June of each year to begin again in late autumn or early winter (November-January).

Animals↗
PubMed1982

The impact of kin, friend and neighbor networks on infant feeding practices. Cuban, Puerto Rican and Anglo families in Florida.

This paper uses social networks as the major conceptual device to examine the impact of relatives, friends and neighbors on infant practices, Kim, friend and neighbor networks of Cuban, Puerto Rican and Anglo families in Dade County, Florida are described, noting inter-ethnic differences in network members who provide respondents with infant feeding advice and assistance. The geographical proximity of influential network members is shown to effect the impact that health care professionals have on mothers' decisions about feeding practices. Network influences on specific feeding practices also are discussed. Kin, friend and neighbor networks are shown to have a significant impact on decisions surrounding breastfeeding, bottle-feeding, use of sucrose supplements and the time to introduce solid foods into the baby's diet. Network member's advice and encouragement appears to contribute to a successful lactation experience. Applying the Fisher's exact test to a small subsample, however, does not yield a significant association between presence or absence of network support and lactation outcome.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Socioeconomic and demographic factors that predict where children receive cancer care in Florida.

Socioeconomic and demographic factors associated with type of facility (cancer center vs non-cancer center) at which a child with cancer is seen were identified to suggest interventions to increase access to state-of-the-art care. The 2268 children with cancer in Florida (1981-1986) were classified as ever having been seen or not having been seen at a cancer center. Patients referred from one type of facility to another were compared to those not referred. Nineteen percent of children with cancer were never seen at a cancer center. These children were likely to be older (15-19 years of age), have Hodgkin's disease or a brain tumor, reside in a county without a cancer center, or have higher median income. Interventions extending state-of-the-art cancer care beyond cancer centers should target (1) physicians treating adolescent-aged children and (2) patients for whom private insurance may serve as a barrier to referral and protocol therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Comprehensive analysis of vehicle-pedestrian crashes at intersections in Florida.

This study analyzes vehicle-pedestrian crashes at intersections in Florida over 4 years, 1999-2002. The study identifies the group of drivers and pedestrians, and traffic and environmental characteristics that are correlated with high pedestrian crashes using log-linear models. The study also estimates the likelihood of pedestrian injury severity when pedestrians are involved in crashes using an ordered probit model. To better reflect pedestrian crash risk, a logical measure of exposure is developed using the information on individual walking trips in the household travel survey. Lastly, the impact of average traffic volume on pedestrian crashes is examined. As a result of the analysis, it was found that pedestrian and driver demographic factors, and road geometric, traffic and environment conditions are closely related to the frequency and injury severity of pedestrian crashes. Higher average traffic volume at intersections increases the number of pedestrian crashes; however, the rate of increase is steeper at lower values of average traffic volume. Based on the findings in the analysis, some countermeasures are recommended to improve pedestrian safety.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed2005

Accuracy of parental and youth reporting of secondhand smoke exposure: the Florida youth cohort study.

The accuracy of adolescent and parental reports of youth secondhand smoke exposure has received limited attention in the research literature. Florida Youth Cohort Study participants provided saliva samples during the fifth round of interviews for determination of cotinine levels. After exclusion of admitted or likely youth smokers with cotinine levels>14.7 ng/ml, there were 341 youth ages 13-17 who completed a telephone interview; 304 parents of these participants completed a similar secondhand smoke exposure interview. Adolescents with cotinine levels above the threshold of detection (> 0.10 ng/ml) were considered exposed. Specificity ranged from 87.1-97.8. Positive predictive value, negative predictive value, sensitivity, and kappa values varied considerably by the reporting source (e.g., youth, parent, or a combination of responses), and the age and gender of the youth respondent. Agreement between youth and parent that at least one parent smoked inside the home yielded the best combination of sensitivity (85.0) and specificity (89.8) and was least affected by the age and gender of the youth respondent.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Seasonal variation in plasma thyroxine concentrations in juvenile alligators (Alligators mississippiensis) from three Florida Lakes.

Circulating concentrations of thyroxine (T(4)) vary seasonally in many vertebrates. This study examined the seasonal variation in plasma concentrations of T(4) in juvenile American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) from three populations in central Florida, USA. One site, Lake Woodruff National Wildlife Refuge, is considered a reference site whereas the other two lakes, Lake Apopka and Orange Lake, are significantly impacted by human activity. Juvenile American alligators ranging from 75-150 cm in total length were hand-captured at night from November 2000-April 2002. Plasma thyroxine concentrations were analyzed using a radioimmunoassay (RIA) previously validated for alligator plasma. Juvenile American alligators display seasonal variation in circulating T(4) concentrations. Plasma T(4) concentrations decrease from August/September to November and then begin a slow rise until April, at which point they plateau. Sex of juveniles influenced plasma concentrations of T(4) in some months but did not appear to alter the pattern in seasonal variation. The pattern we observed in plasma T(4) concentrations is not directly related to an environmental factor such as ambient temperature but is similar to that seen in plasma sex steroid concentrations during the reproductive cycle of adult alligators. Although the pattern and plasma concentration of T(4) exhibits significant variation among the three lakes studied, the pattern in seasonal variation appears similar. Comparing the seasonal pattern in plasma T(4) with plasma concentrations of sex steroids (testosterone and estradiol-17beta) or corticosterone could provide important information on the peripubescent life stage of the American alligator.

Aging↗