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PubMedDate not supplied

Differences among restriction endonuclease DNA fingerprints of Pennsylvania field isolates, vaccine strains, and challenge strains of infectious laryngotracheitis virus.

Restriction endonuclease fingerprints of infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) DNA from 13 Pennsylvania field isolates, embryo-propagated and tissue-culture-propagated vaccine strains, and three reference strains were compared. These comparisons were made to evaluate the possible contribution of mutation of ILTV vaccine strains to recent outbreaks of infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) in Pennsylvania. Six different restriction enzymes were used to generate the fingerprints. Differences in DNA banding patterns were revealed between the currently used ILTV vaccine strains and six of the 13 field isolates. Even greater DNA banding pattern differences were found between the older ILTV reference strains and the vaccine strains. The ILTV DNA fingerprints generated in the present study suggest that at least five different strains of ILTV have contributed to the outbreaks of ILT that have occurred since 1987 in Pennsylvania.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

[Fluconazole resistance in Candida albicans assayed by PCR fingerprinting with M13 prime].

OBJECTIVE: To understand the molecular and genetic mechanism underlying fluconazole resistance in Candida albicans by PCR fingerprinting with M13 primer. METHODS: Paper disc diffusion method was employed for assay of fluconazole resistance in 41 clinical isolates of Candida albicans, followed by PCR fingerprinting with M13 primer to study the gel patterns with cluster analysis using neighbor joining (NJ) method performed with RAPD200 software. RESULTS: Of the 41 clinical isolates, 11 strains (26.8%) were fluconazole-sensitive, 8 (19.5%) fluconazole-dependent and 22 (53.7%) fluconazole-resistance. Two to twelve bands could be observed among these strains, and the gel patterns revealed by cluster analysis were associated with the reactions of the strains against fluconazole and the location of infection. CONCLUSION: There is high prevalence of fluconazole resistance in clinical Candida albicans isolates, and PCR fingerprinting with M13 primer is convenient for assay of fluconazole resistance and molecular epidemiological study of Candida albicans.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed1992

Likelihoods of multilocus DNA fingerprints in extended families.

A concept for the application of complex pedigree analysis to multilocus DNA fingerprinting is described. By following this approach, the extent to which the DNA fingerprints of grandparents influence the phenotype likelihoods of their offspring was determined. It was demonstrated by simulation that approximately 90% of paternity disputes can be solved if mother, child, and paternal grandparents, instead of the putative father, are tested. If only phenotype information on a single paternal sib is allowed for, true paternity will be detected with reasonable persuasive power in up to 64% of cases. Exclusion of false paternity remains possible for 40% of cases. Finally, the analysis concept is modified by reducing the number of genotype variations considered in likelihood computations. This time-saving procedure is shown to yield sufficiently accurate likelihoods in the analysis of both simulation data and multilocus DNA fingerprints obtained in two large families.

DNA Fingerprinting↗
PubMed2003

[AFLP fingerprinting map analysis of Pleurotus ostreatus].

AFLP analysis was carried out with 14 Pleurotus ostreatus strains from different areas. Optimal conditions of the AFLP fingerprinting analysis for P. ostreatus were first tested and the results showed that the primer pairs E-3/M-3 especially E-AGC/M-CAT and E-AGC/M-ACC could give more amplified DNA fragments than others like E-2/M-1 or E-2/M-3. From the fingerprinting map of the primer pair E-AGC/M-CAT, 184 clear and stable DNA bands were observed, including 101 polymorphous bands that are accounted for 54.89%. The genetic similarity coefficient and genetic distance were calculated from AFLP data among 14 P. ostreatus strains. The genetic distance between these strains ranged from 0.192 to 0.754, indicating that P. ostreatus was rich in genetic diversity. UPGMA cluster analysis was also performed. It's shown that 14 P. ostreatus strains are divided into six groups, and strains from same areas or with similar best-growth temperature usually have higher comparability in the UPGMA tree. P. ostreatus P17 and P. ostreatus Za3, P. ostreatus Min31 and P. ostreatus Yiping have intimate genetic relationships with each other respectively which were consistent with its geographical distribution and best growth temperature. P. ostreatus Ce5 showed remarkable genetic differentiation, which has farther genetic relationships compared with other P. ostreatus strains. In addition, the reasons for cluster results of strains from AFLP data consistent with morphology, geographical distribution and optimal condition of AFLP fingerprinting analysis for P. ostreatus were discussed.

DNA Fingerprinting↗
PubMed1992

DNA fingerprinting in horses using a simple (TG)n probe and its application to population comparisons.

A synthetic polynucleotide (TG)n was hybridized to equine DNA digested with HinfI and hypervariable hybridization patterns were obtained. Mendelian inheritance of these DNA fingerprinting patterns was confirmed by pedigree analysis. Estimates of the probabilities of identical band patterns in unrelated individuals of different breeds (Swedish Trotters, North Swedish Trotters, Thoroughbreds and Arabians) were in the range 1 x 10(-4) - 7 x 10(-6). The variability derived with the (TG)n probe in horses was higher than what we obtained with several other commonly used probes for DNA fingerprinting. Individuals within breeds tended to be more similar to each other with regard to DNA fingerprint pattern than to individuals of other breeds. Moreover, a parsimony analysis made on the basis of the hybridization patterns gave clustering of individuals within breeds. The possibility of using hypervariable probes for the identification of breed-specific characters is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Investigation of genetic heterogeneity in Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from tuberculosis patients using DNA fingerprinting.

BACKGROUND: DNA fingerprinting of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) based on IS6110 has been shown to be a powerful epidemiologic tool. Restriction enzyme analysis (REA) is a fingerprinting technique, which is used for differentiation and investigation of genetic diversity among mycobacterial species. AIMS: To investigating the genetic heterogeneity in MTB isolates in Ahvaz, Iran. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: It was a cross-sectional study conducted in Ahvaz, Iran. METHODS AND MATERIAL: One hundred and eighty clinical isolates of MTB were collected from TB reference unit, PHLS, Ahvaz, Iran. The PCR-REA employed uses a simple DNA extraction followed by a PCR step involving a single primer based on the insertion sequence IS6110. Restriction enzyme analysis was performed on the amplification products using HaeIII enzyme. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Data was analyzed using SPSS software and chi-square test/Fishers' exact test was applied wherever applicable. RESULTS: The isolates were divided into four clusters based on their REA patterns. Cluster I contained 71.1% of strains with two fragments of 72 and 118. Cluster II with three fragments of 72, 118, and 194; cluster III with three fragments of 118, 194, and 234; and cluster IV with four fragments of 72, 118, 194, and 234 base pairs. As many as 73.8% of the identical fingerprint patterns were seen in male patients. Accounting the men as the major population in the study, there was no significant difference between REA patterns and sex; similarly, with age, patients' occupation and degree of smear positivity. However, we found significant correlation between REA patterns and patients' origin. As many as 61.6% of identical patterns were found in the patients who were lived in the same suburb. CONCLUSIONS: By PCR-based REA typing, the isolates studied were grouped into four clusters each containing between two and four fragments. However, in order to ascertain the level of heterogeneity of MTB isolates in their sample, further testing with a more discriminatory method is needed.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Identification of the resource suspected sperm by DNA fingerprinting].

OBJECTIVE: To identify the resource suspected sperm of donor in human sperm bank and apply the parentage testing between the donor and his offspring. METHODS: We took the 6 semen specimen of the donor involved and correspondently suspected semen as well as the semen of one volunteer and peripheral blood of his offspring. All specimens were amplified by PCR, and DNA fingerprint was detected by PAGE electrophoresis. RESULTS: By DNA fingerprinting we discovered that the 5 suspected sperm samples came from corresponding donors and the other sample from another. The volunteer and his offspring were identified as consanguinity. CONCLUSION: We can identify the difference between sperm of donors and the suspected sperm of donors, and sperm of donors and the peripheral blood of their offspring exactly by DNA fingerprinting.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Beware of the possibility of fingerprinting techniques transferring DNA.

Fingerprinting brushes have the potential to collect and transfer DNA during powdering. Squirrel-hair fingerprint brushes exposed to specific sets of saliva stains and brushes used in routine casework were tested for their ability to collect and transfer DNA containing material using standard DNA extraction procedures and AmpFlSTR Profiler Plus amplification and typing procedures. The tests found that the risk of transferring DNA during powdering and having a detrimental impact on the analysis increases if the examiner powders over either biological stains (such as blood or saliva) or very fresh prints and uses more sensitive PCR amplification and typing procedures. We advocate caution when powdering prints from which DNA may also be collected and provide options for consideration to limit the risk of transferred DNA contamination while fingerprinting.

Blood↗
PubMed2006

[PCR-based STR genotyping of sweat latent fingerprint samples involved in cases].

OBJECTIVE: To study the extracting and genotyping method of sweat latent fingerprint samples involved in cases. METHOD: Chlex 100 extraction method was used to extract DNA. STR loci were typed after PCR amplification by Profiler Plus kit. RESULTS: All the sweat latent fingerprint samples involved in cases obtained reliable results of STR genotyping. CONCLUSION: It is very important to find and extract sweat latent fingerprint samples properly for STR genotyping.

DNA↗
PubMed2006

DNA fingerprinting elicited evolutionary trend of oral Candida tropicalis isolates from diverse geographic locales.

PURPOSE: To study molecular profiles of oral Candida tropicalis isolates from five different geographic locales to determine the molecular diversity, clonality and evolutionary trends of this opportunistic pathogen. METHODS: A total of 36 strains from five countries (China, Canada, Scotland, Japan and Tanzania) were genotyped by PCR fingerprinting with 11 separate primers. Of these, primers RSG9, RSG8, T3B and RSD12 generated complex fingerprinting patterns. RESULTS: Three significantly dissimilar profiles were derived from the primer T3B and particularly focused on tDNA suggested the prevalence of genetic subtypes within the species. Comparison of tDNA and rDNA (RSD12) fingerprints of C. tropicalis suggested that rDNA is much more heterogeneous than the relatively distinct tDNA. Further analysis of similarity coefficient (SAB) of gel profiles derived from computer-generated dendrograms indicated some degree of similarity in isolates from five-disparate geographic locales as well as the presence of unique isotypes in each region. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates the evolutionary divergence of distinct genetic subgroups within Candida tropicalis .

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1991

[The application of alpha-globin-3'HVR probe for DNA fingerprinting in forensic science].

Using alpha-globin-3'HVR as the molecular hybridization probe, A clear and readable DNA fingerprint has been obtained. Based on the DNA fingerprint analysis of 200 unrelated individuals living in Beijing area, the probability of chance association of two random individuals was 4.0 x 10(-12). The study of 32 related individuals of 6 families showed that the inheritance of DNA fingerprint bands conformed to the Mendelian law. The method is reliable for the individual identification and paternity test. It provides a scientific basis for solving cases such as rape, homicide etc. and it has been used in our actual case work.

DNA Fingerprinting↗
PubMed1991

[Genetic fingerprinting of inbred lines, outbred lines, transgenic individuals and 3T3 cells of Mus musculus with the probe B.E.S.T. MZ 1.3].

DNA samples from different inbred strains and F1-hybrids, from two outbred strains and from transgenic animals of the species Mus musculus were tested according to the "DNA fingerprint" technique (Jeffreys et al., 1985) using the B.E.S.T.-probe MZ 1.3 (Fa. Biotest, Frankfurt) and the restriction endonuclease Hinf I. In addition, the same method was applied to two cell types i.e. BALB/3T3 clone A 31 and 3T3 B-SV40. The DNA fingerprinting technique with probe MZ 1.3 proved to be a reliable method for genetic monitoring of different strains of mice. All inbred strains tested as well as their substrains could be identified and distinguished from each other without any doubt. Congenic and transgenic individuals, however, were identical with their background strains. After several in vitro passages, cells from cultures showed the similar DNA configuration as the donor strains. Within outbred strains, it was possible to quantify heterozygosity by the configuration of the DNA-patterns. These results suggest that it might be appropriate to replace the mathematically estimated inbreeding coefficient by so-called identity-coefficient (IK), which would depend on the probe and the restriction endonuclease used (e.g. IKMZ 1.3/Hinf I). Using the MZ 1.3 probe, the DNA fingerprint technique allows a unique genetic identification of different strains of mice and offers, furthermore, the possibility to use a colour kit rather than the usual P-32 marker.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

DNA fingerprinting of eukaryote genomes by synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleotide probes.

An extreme level of DNA sequence polymorphism, the basis of DNA fingerprinting, was first demonstrated using genome derived cloned probes. Subsequently, it was shown that DNA fingerprinting can also be carried out using short synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleotide probes specific for simple repetitive sequences. Further, in addition to radioactively labeled probes, non-radioactive oligonucleotides generate equally informative hybridization patterns. We discuss the development in the area of DNA fingerprinting and its future scope with respect to plant, animal and the human DNA.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Minisatellite DNA markers in the chicken genome. I. Distribution and abundance of minisatellites in multilocus DNA fingerprints.

This paper reports the detailed characterization of multilocus minisatellite DNA fingerprints in the chicken. Results are presented of DNA fingerprint segregation analyses carried out in three chicken pedigrees, calculating the number of detected loci, testing for Mendelian inheritance, and cosegregation among fingerprint bands. Two pedigrees (families 1 and 2) were analysed using the Jeffreys probes 33.6 and 33.15 only, and one pedigree (family 3) was analysed using 33.6, 33.15, 3' alpha-globin HVR and M13 protein III gene repeat. Mean band transmission frequencies in families 1 and 2 were near to the Mendelian expectation of 0.5 and no mutations were observed. Family 3 showed transmission frequencies slightly exceeding 0.5. Linkage among bands was higher than observed in some other avian species, with each allele represented by a mean of 1.48 HaeIII fragments. Cosegregation of heterozygous parental fragments representing distinguishable loci followed the expected binomial distribution. The number of minisatellites detectable by the four probes was estimated to be 217. The pattern of cosegregation among those minisatellite loci was tested against that expected for different levels of recombination through the use of a simulation model. We conclude that most minisatellites are unlinked and probably widely dispersed in the chicken genome.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

DNA fingerprinting analysis of radiation-induced rat skin tumors.

DNA fingerprinting analysis was performed on rat skin tumors induced by high linear energy transfer neon ion radiation. Most of these tumors (13/15) showed DNA-fingerprint variability between independently isolated tumors from the same animal. These changes include multiple band shifts and extra bands. Comparisons of DNA fingerprints were also made on successive biopsy samples from the same tumor. Each of 3 neon-induced tumors and 2 of 8 electron (low LET) induced tumors showed progressive loss of amplified sequences, gain of amplified sequences, deletions, band shifts, and the appearance of extra bands in progressive biopsies. These results provide evidence for LET-specific effects on genomic instability in radiation-induced rat skin tumors.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Use of antigenic markers and genomic fingerprinting to study epidemiology of meningococcal disease.

The usefulness of the restriction enzyme fingerprinting was investigated for epidemiological studies of meningococci isolated from three patients who fell ill in meningococcal disease within a short period of time. The strains belonged to serogroup B and had similar serotype patterns. Epidemiological connections could not be excluded but genomic fingerprinting showed that the strains were probably of different origin. It is concluded that genomic fingerprinting is a potential and sensitive tool for epidemiological studies.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Serotypes and DNA fingerprint profiles of Pasteurella multocida isolated from raptors.

Pasteurella multocida isolates from 21 raptors were examined by DNA fingerprint profile and serotyping methods. Isolates were obtained from noncaptive birds of prey found in 11 states from November 28, 1979, through February 10, 1993. Nine isolates were from bald eagles, and the remaining isolates were from hawks, falcons, and owls. Seven isolates were members of capsule group A, and 14 were nonencapsulated. One isolate was identified as somatic type 3, and another was type 3,4,7; both had unique HhaI DNA fingerprint profiles. Nineteen isolates expressed somatic type 1 antigen; HhaI profiles of all type 1 isolates were identical to each other and to the HhaI profile of the reference somatic type 1, strain X-73. The 19 type 1 isolates were differentiated by sequential digestion of DNA with HpaII; four HpaII fingerprint profiles were obtained. The HpaII profile of one isolate was identical to the HpaII profile of strain X-73. Incidence of P. multocida somatic type 1 in raptors suggests that this type may be prevalent in other wildlife or wildlife environments.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

DNA fingerprinting of pathogenic bacteria by fluorophore-enhanced repetitive sequence-based polymerase chain reaction.

Fluorophore-labeled oligonucleotide primers complementary to defined interspersed repetitive sequences conserved in diverse bacteria were used in the polymerase chain reaction to generate DNA fingerprint patterns from selected pathogenic bacteria. Fluorophore-enhanced, repetitive sequence-based polymerase chain reaction allowed discrimination between unrelated isolates of penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae recovered from pediatric patients and Mycobacterium avium cultured from patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Combinations of oligonucleotide primers labeled with distinct fluorescent dyes enabled simultaneous DNA fingerprinting and Shiga-like toxin gene detection in enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli isolates. Fluorophore-enhanced, repetitive sequence-based polymerase chain reaction was performed with either purified DNA or intact cells that were lysed during the polymerase chain reaction. Fluorophore-enhanced, repetitive sequence-based polymerase chain reaction successfully combines polymerase chain reaction amplification and fluorescent label detection for DNA fingerprinting of cultured bacterial pathogens.

Base Sequence↗