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[Nucleotide composition and homologies in the DNA of new extreme halophilic soil archaebacteria].

DNA nucleotide composition was studied in extreme halophilic bacteria belonging to the genera Halobacterium, Halococcus, Natronobacterium and Natronococcus. The cultures were shown to be a monolithic group of microorganisms with the content of GC pairs typical of extreme halophilic archebacteria. The difference between the content of DNA major and minor components was twice as high in Halobacterium distributus strains isolated from sulfate saline soils as compared to cultures of this species isolated from natural waters with a high salinity. DNA minor components were not found in haloalkalophilic microorganisms from soda saline soils in contrast to those from soda lakes. The results of DNA-DNA hybridization indicate that the Halobacterium genus is highly heterogeneous. The newly isolated strains of extremely halophilic H. distributus are characterized by the low homology of their DNAs both among themselves and with other species of the genus. However, the hybridization data for the collection strains H. vallismortis 1398 and H. halobium 996 from the National Collection of Microorganisms are indicative of a high homology (80-100%) which is not characteristic of cultures belonging to different species. These results as well as some phenotypical properties of H. vallismortis 1398 different from those of this species type strain support the data reported in the literature about the genetic instability of extreme halophilic archebacteria. The analysis of homologies in DNA nucleotide sequences may be used to study the taxonomy of extreme halophilic archebacteria.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1987

[Regional isolation perfusion with cisplatinum in dogs with osteosarcoma of an extremity].

In the treatment of osteosarcoma, it is possible to differentiate between systemic therapy and local regional treatment. Systemic treatment of human patients with osteosarcomas consists in adjuvant chemotherapy. This has considerably improved the prognosis in these cases. The primary object in local regional treatment is to prevent local recurrences and to preserve function. As regards extremities, the aim is to preserve the limbs. In the present investigations, the value of regional chemotherapy by isolated regional perfusion with cis-platinum to dogs is studied. This approach was based on the hypothesis that considerable necrosis of tumours may be produced after perfusion with cis-platinum, thus making extremity-saving surgery possible. Isolated regional perfusion with cis-platinum (30 mg/litre of extremity volume) was performed in nine dogs with osteosarcomas of an extremity. A marked effect on the tumour was detectable on the basis of clinical, radiological and histological parameters. In the opinion of the present authors, regional perfusion with cis-platinum may contribute to extremity-saving treatment of osteosarcomas in dogs and human subjects. However, further studies will be required in order to achieve more adequate quantitation an improvement of local effects. In view of the synergy with cis-platinum, the latter may possibly be attained by the addition of hyperthermia (temperatures above 41.5 degrees C).

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[The dysbacteriosis of extreme states].

The study was aimed at investigation of the characteristic features of intestinal dysbacteriosis in man under extreme conditions and development of methods for correcting intestinal microflora for prevention of dysbacteriosis under such conditions. Microbiocenosis of the intestine was investigated in 99 practically healthy persons under model earth conditions and in 34 cosmonauts after space flights of various duration. The following factors influencing intestinal microflora in man under extreme conditions were studied: neuroemotional tension, hypokinesia, increased physical loads, isolation under conditions of altered gaseous environment and microclimate. The study revealed that the above factors participated in development of dysbacteriosis. It was shown that the neuroemotional stress played the main role in development of dysbacteriosis in man under extreme conditions: intestinal microflora responded under extreme conditions by decreased counts of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli participating in maintenance of the intact ecological barrier and colonization resistance. For preventing dysbacteriotic reactions of intestinal microflora it was recommended to use bifidobacterin tablets. Bifidobacterin correction was shown to be efficient in prevention of dysbacteriosis in persons under extreme conditions.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Multiple and familial cavernous angiomas in the brain and extremities--case report].

This is a case report of intracranial multiple cavernous angioma occurred in a member of a lineage of familial cavernous angioma. This lineage had manifested multiple small angiomata in the extremities on seven members in her family. The patient, somewhat retarded 19-year-old woman, was admitted to Fukuoka University Hospital because of convulsive seizure and headache occurred several months before admission. She had a large head and her IQ was 71. Bilateral mild hearing disturbance and a vascular anomaly in the left eyeground were noted. There were multiple hypodermic nodules on four extremities. EEG showed spike and wave focus in the right parietal region with irregular background. Plain skull X-ray disclosed scattered small calcifications. CT scan revealed multiple high density areas in the bilateral cerebral hemispheres and splenium and cerebral angiograms presented avascular mass in the right parietal region. The tumor in the right parietal lobe which seemed to be epileptogenic focus and the hypodermic nodules of the upper extremities were removed. Pathological findings of intracranial mass and hypodermic nodule were similar, these were cavernous angioma. The mother and a younger brother of the patient had similar hypodermic nodules on the extremities, and brother's nodule was removed and confirmed cavernous angioma. Eight families of familial cavernous angioma were described in the literature. This presented case is a peculiar one on the view-point of occurrence in the central nervous system among the familial hypodermic manifestation on the extremities and coexistence of retinal vascular anomaly.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Rehabilitation of patients with end-stage renal failure after lower extremity amputation.

Four patients with end-stage renal failure on maintenance hemodialysis and one patient with near end-stage renal failure received inpatient rehabilitation following lower extremity amputation. All were prosthetically restored. Three of the patients had bilateral below-knee amputations and were ambulatory at the time of discharge, including the patient with near end-stage renal failure who was on maintenance hemodialysis at follow-up. One unilateral below-knee amputee was also ambulatory at discharge. The other unilateral below-knee amputee had an ulcer on the other foot and used a pylon for transfers only. To assess the prevalence of patients on maintenance hemodialysis with lower extremity amputations, a survey of 310 patients at four dialysis units was performed. Of the 310 patients 2.9 percent had at least one amputated lower extremity and 1.0 percent had bilateral lower extremity amputations. Preliminary data and the potential for functional results following prosthetic restoration suggest the need for further research concerning prosthetic restoration in the lower extremity amputee with end-stage renal failure.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Extremity injuries in children: predictive value of clinical findings.

This study sought to identify clinical predictors of extremity fracture in children with trauma. There were 189 children 1 to 15 years of age with 209 extremity injuries seen during a 9-month period. Gross deformity and point tenderness were the best predictors of upper extremity fracture; these two findings correctly identified 81% of children with fractures and 82% of these without fractures. Gross deformity and pain on motion best predicted lower extremity fracture, with 97% of children with fractures correctly identified. The study showed that physical examination is predictive of fractures in extremity injuries of children, regardless of age. In the absence of the specific physical findings identified by the study, the probability of diagnosing a fracture by roentgenographic findings is low.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Upper extremity functional rating for patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

The corresponding deterioration of upper extremity strength and functional capability with increasing age and the relationship between average strength and function were evaluated in 28 boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Manual muscle testing (MMT) was used to evaluate strength and the Brooke upper extremity grading scale to rate upper extremity function. Mean MMT was found to relate to age in logarithmic fastion, ie, a 1% increase in age led to a 0.9% decrease in mean MMT. Functional grade (FG) related to age in a more complex fashion, revealing three groups based on age: under age 10, all in FG 1; between ages 10 and 13, concentration in FG 2 through 4; and over age 13, eight of ten in FG 5. Regression analysis did not contribute further useful information. Finally, mean MMT was found to be highly significantly related to FG. The plot of mean MMT against FG revealed an S-shaped curve, with rapidly rising functional grade once an average upper extremity strength of 4w was reached. The Brooke scale appears to be useful in describing upper extremity function among DMD patients, although it may reflect a three-grade rather than a six-grade discrimination capability. In describing the natural history of DMD, this scale demonstrates a pattern of rapid functional deterioration during the early adolescent years. This functional deterioration apparently takes place when the decline in strength reaches a threshold which cannot be compensated by muscle substitutions. At that time function deteriorates along a relatively rapid but undefined course.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Extreme loading as cause of aseptic loosening of the total hip endoprosthesis socket and the resultant therapeutic consequences].

An analysis of the extent of damage in explanted endoprostheses of the hip showed massive destructions of the implanted components, such as fractures of the socket etc. For this reason, the authors designed a mathematical model of the extremity for which a prosthesis is designed; this model can simulate, inter alia, extreme loads of the joint occurring, for example, when a person falls. Self-experiments were helpful in determining the load exercised on the hip joint under such extreme conditions and in defining the effects on implanted joint material and the interface between bone and bone cement. Besides the influence of the body weight and the height of a fall, we also investigated dependence on attenuation promoted by different kinds of shoeware. These extreme loads in everyday life, which result in an excess stress of the materials and the interface, provide a good explanation for the aseptic loosening of the primarily well-fixed socket. From the therapeutic point of view these results suggest that such extreme burdening should be avoided during the time in which repair processes take place to gradually reduce the heat necroses in the osseous bed of the acetabulum which are due to the cement, by exercising a partial load only for three months after the operation rather than applying the full load too early. Attenuation of shock achieved by the use of various shoe materials was studied in self-experiments in which the researcher allowed himself to fall from different heights on to an outstretched leg while wearing different types of shoes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Body Weight↗
PubMed1983

["Left anterior hemiblock" or "extreme left axis deviation" in the ECG of children].

A comprehensive study involving the use of ECG's from children at the Giessen University Children's Hospital was conducted with the specific intent of identifying all children with an extreme left-axis deviation. This study showed that, in a time period of five years, 212 out of 3618 children examined electrocardiographically had an extreme left-axis deviation according to very strict criteria, their ECG-types could be divided into three groups: 1. without heart defects, 2. with congenital heart anomalies, 3. after surgery for congenital heart problems. Measurement of the QRS-complex in eighty children without heart defect showed that fifty-nine of the children (73.8%) had a vector -QRS between -30 degrees to -90 degrees. Ih the 88 children with congenital heart defects, and in 20 with an extreme left-axis deviation previous to surgery, an angle of -60 degrees to -90 degrees was found, most often in children with complete A-V canals of Down's Syndrome (as well as in children with transposition of the great arteries, univentricular heart or other complicated malformations of the heart). And finally, an extreme left axis deviation was very often found after surgery to correct Tetralogy of Fallot, ventricular defect, or endocardial cushion defect. Since an extreme left-axis deviation often occurs in children without heart defects, we would like to suggest that the term "Left anterior Hemiblock" be reserved for cases where there is certainty that damage to the conduction system has occurred. In all other cases, we prefer the term "left-axis deviation" as a more appropriate because an anomaly in the conduction system is more likely than a "block" i.e. an interruption of the conduction of electrical impulses through the heart muscle.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

[Functional state of the extremities in patients operated on for an embolism of the bifurcation of the aorta and major arteries in follow-up].

The clinical and electrophysiological examination of the late functional condition of the extremity in 103 patients operated upon for embolism of the bifurcation of the aorta and main arteries of the extremities has proved that the function of an operated extremity depends directly upon the condition of the circulation and the severity degree of the ischemia. A dispensary observation over such patients together with special procedures aimed at the improvement of arterial circulation in the extremity are recommended for the improvement of the function of the operated extremity.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Human chromosomal polymorphism and reproductive function disorder. III. Extreme autosomal C-variants: an analysis of their distribution and combination in the karyotype].

Distribution of extreme C-stained polymorphic variants of autosomes 1, 9, 13-16 21 and 22, alone and in combinations, was studied in married couples with reproductive failure (200 individuals) and in couples having normal children. There were no significant differences between the frequencies of extreme C-band variants (total and "plus"-variants) for two sexes in control group. Individuals of this group had combination of one of two extreme variants and one heteromorphic pair (out of three possible) pairs of chromosomes, 1, 9 and 16 per individual karyotype. There was a significant increase of the frequencies of extreme C-band variants (total and "plus"-variants) in women with reproductive failure comparing to the men of the same group and to the women of the controls. There was significant difference in frequencies of individuals with combination of three extreme C-band variants per one karyotype in women with the reproductive failure comparing to men of the same group.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMed1994

The cost of compensable upper extremity cumulative trauma disorders.

There is little information available of the costs of upper extremity cumulative trauma disorders. Cost data were collected from computerized records of the Liberty Mutual Insurance Company for upper extremity cumulative trauma disorder workers' compensation claims (N = 6,067) and for all claims (N = 731,087) initiated from 45 states during 1989. The data were not analyzed until July 1992, allowing more accurate "closing cost" data to be used in the analysis. Upper extremity cumulative trauma disorder cases represented 0.83% of all claims and 1.64% of all claims costs. The mean cost per case for upper extremity cumulative trauma disorders was $8070; median cost per case was $824. Medical costs represented 32.9% of the total costs; indemnity costs were 65.1%. The total compensable cost for upper extremity cumulative trauma disorders in the United States was estimated to be $563 million.

Arm Injuries↗
PubMed1994

Extremity gunshot wounds: Part one--Identification and treatment of patients at high risk of vascular injury.

Cost containment is important in this time of inner-city economic and health-care crisis. This paper examines patients who were treated for gunshot wounds (GSWs) of the extremities. During the study period 1978 through 1992, 16,316 patients (18,349 extremities) were treated for extremity GSWs. Nine patients with asymptomatic injuries in proximity to vascular structures who were treated before the use of duplex Doppler ultrasonography (DDU) were later found to have surgically treatable vascular injuries. These were identified and treated on an outpatient basis with no long-term morbidity or mortality. With the advent of DDU, asymptomatic vascular injuries were no longer missed. A conservative estimate of the cost savings from this study is more than $47,000,000.00. The use of DDU and the enclosed protocols for treating asymptomatic extremity wounds prevented 16,450 needless angiograms, with an additional savings of $32,900,000.00, for a total savings of more than $79,900,000.00. With a more liberal use of DDU and angiography to eliminate the rare missed vascular injuries (0.09%), and the use of protocols to analyze patients with asymptomatic injuries, many extremity GSW victims (79% in this study) can be safely treated as outpatients, eliminating the need for expensive in-hospital observation.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1994

[Long-term results of therapy of polytrauma patients with special reference to serial fractures of the lower extremity].

A random group of multiple traumatized patients (n = 50) was compared from the aspects of physical rehabilitation and social reintegration with a group of multiple traumatized patients (n = 54) all of whom had serial fracture of the lower extremity. In both groups automobile accidents were the main reason for the injury (in 62%). Motorcycle accidents were responsible in 29% of cases but resulted in twice as many extremity injuries as car accidents, in addition to which the treatment of patients with serial extremity injury lasted twice as long as that of those patients with only single extremity injury. In 40% of the first group more than two secondary hospital treatments were necessary. Two years after trauma working capacity was reduced by less than 20% in only 28.8% of patients with serial injuries as against 69.2% in the randomized group. Reduction of working capacity by more than 80% was observed in only 9% of patients in both groups. In these cases reduction of working capacity was mainly due to severe head injuries and not to limb fractures. Return to work was achieved only after retraining in most such cases, while in others a transfer within the same company made it possible. When patients were asked for their own opinions on the final results of treatment, 75% said they were satisfied. Our results underscore the importance of reestablishing normal function and of reintegration after extremity injuries but also the problems involved.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Moderate and extreme haemodilution in open-heart surgery. Blood requirements, bleeding and platelet counts.

Requirements of donor blood, bleeding and platelet counts were investigated during moderate and extreme haemodilution in patients undergoing aortic valve replecement. A preliminary study of 60 patients, divided in two groups of 30 patients each, was first made. A moderate haemodilution was used in one group and an extreme haemodilution with the aid of autologous transfusion was utilized in the other. As the results were interesting and encouraging, a randomized study was performed. Thirty patients, divided in two groups of 15 patients each, were investigated. The degree of dilution was essentially similar to that of the corresponding moderate and extreme haemodilution groups in the preliminary study. An average reduction of 71% in the requirement of donor blood and of 47% in postoperative chest tube drainage was found in the patients in the extreme dilution group. The circulating platelet counts fell less during and after the operation in this group than in the moderately diluted patients. After adjustment for the dilution, the platelet counts fell to about 60% in the moderate dilution group during the perfusion, but rose to about 130% in the extremely diluted patients. These findings are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Regional hyperthermic fibrinolytic perfusion as ultima ratio in critical ischemia of the lower extremities].

In 19 patients (male-female: ratio 10:9; median age 67.1 (42-90) years) with a critical ischaemia of the lower extremities either after failed attempt of revascularization (n = 4) or because of lacking possibility for vessel reconstruction measures (n = 16) a regional extremity perfusion with a fibrinolytic agent has been performed using a heart lung machine. In one patient both lower extremities were treated. In the first 30 minutes of the total 60 minutes perfusion time on average 31 mg (20-50 mg) of recombinant tissue-plasminogen activator (Actilyse) have been added to the perfusion solution. In order to enhance the fibrinolysis-activity the perfusion solution was warmed up to 40 degrees C. Systemic side effects have not been observed. Two patients died postoperatively because of their underlying diseases (mesenteric artery embolism, myocardial infarction), two patients experienced postoperative haemorrhage and one patient had a wound infection. In 11 cases (55%) an opening of the stem-arteries has been reached. Seven of these were successfully revascularized with a femoro-crural bypass in a following operation. Nine extremities (45%) remained without opening of the stem-arteries, however, in four cases (20%) an improved radiographic contrast of the collaterals has been reached. 11 (61%) of the followed-up extremities were successfully revascularized. Amputation has been performed in seven cases (39%). The regional hyperthermic perfusion with fibrinolytic drugs enables a reopening of the stem-arteries and the creation of accepting vessels for vascular procedures in primarily inoperable arterial occlusions.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

New method and device for assessment of functional capacity of upper extremity with chronic ischemia.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to establish an objective diagnostic method, through which the functional capacity of the upper extremity with chronic ischemia could be best assessed. METHODS: For a 9-year period (1986-1994) 74 patients suffering Arterial Occlusive Disease (AOD) of the upper extremity with chronic ischemia were treated. Fifty five of them (74.3%) were males (an average age of 52.4 years) and 19 females (25.6%), (an average age of 42.5 years). Forty nine of them (66.2%) were in second stage according to the adapted Fontain's classification. An original method and device have been established for the investigation of the abilities of the upper extremity to make repeated movements till they get an intermittent claudication. The apparatus consists of tree modules: a mechanical device, an interface adapter and a microcomputer. RESULTS: During the flexion of the fingers the patient overcomes the resistance of springs which is 1.82 Nm. An Ischemic Fatigue Index (IFI) is calculated--it gives the quantitative value of the functional capacity of the limb. IFI in patients in second stage of Chronic Arterial Ischemia (CAI) is from 0.14 to 0.76 during the diagnostic test and from 0.18 to 1.0 after the operative or drug treatment or Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty (PTA). A retrospective analysis shows that in patients who were operated on, the preoperative IFI was less than 0.50. The measurement of Arm-Arm Blood Pressure Index (AABPI) before treatment and after it in some cases shows normal values in spite of the presence of subclavian artery stenoses. The angiographies that were done could not help for the evaluation of the functional capacity of the upper extremities. The presence of pulse in 9 patients (18.4%) does not exclude a presence of occlusion. CONCLUSIONS: IFI is a quantitative indicator for the upper extremity capacity. It shows whether the symptoms are severe enough to justify the surgery. The periodical measurement of IFI is a monitoring of the development of AOD.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[Thrombogenic cause of low extremity veins in patients undergoing pelvic operation].

Postoperative fatal pulmonary embolism caused thrombi from low extremity deep veins of patients after abdominal operation remains a major cause of death. Blood biorheology in 34 patients having pelvic operation and 41 patients having non-pelvic operation was studied. Blood viscosity was significantly higher in pelvic operation than in non-pelvic operation. The low extremity venous blood viscosity was significantly higher than the upper extremity venous blood viscosity. These suggest that hyperviscosity status and hypercogulable of low extremity veins may be an important cause that deep venous thrombogensis occurs prone to the low extremities in patients with pelvic operation.

Adult↗