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PubMed1983

Chemical evolution and the origin of life: bibliography supplement 1981.

This bibliography is the twelfth annual supplement to the comprehensive bibliography on the same subject which was published in Space Life Sci. 2 (1970), 225-295; 3 (1972), 293-304; 4 (1973), 309-329 and in Origins of Life 5 (1974), 505-527; 6 (1975), 285-300; 7 (1976), 75-85; 8 (1977), 59-66; 9 (1978), 67-74; 10 (1980), 69-87; 10 (1980), 379-404; 11 (1981), 273-288; 12 (1982), 93-118.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1975

Life and chirality beyond the earth.

An attempt is made to show that the phenomenon of chirality- of which optical activity is but one consequence- is by no means restricted to life on Earth, but is common throughout the universe. Several independent sources have been investigated including: statistical fluctuations; stereoselective physical factors; and energetic differences between enantiomeric molecules. It is emphasised that a search for chirality as an indicator for life elsewhere in space provides an excellent tool for the fascinating question of exobiology. Still one must be aware of the limitations of the experimental methods and their interpretations.

Extraterrestrial Environment↗
PubMed1975

Search for amino acids in Apollo returned lunar soil.

The lunar samples from Apollo flights 11 through 17 provided the students of chemical evolution with an opportunity of examining extraterrestrial materials for evidence of early prebiological chemistry in the solar system. Our search was directed to water-extractable compounds with emphasis on amino acids. Gas chromatography, ion-exchange chromatography and gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry were used for the analysis. It is our conclusion that amino acids are not present in the lunar regolith above the background levels of our investigations.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1975

High pH ammonia toxicity, and the search for life on the Jovian planets.

Jovian plants have enviroments apparently suitable for the evolution of life, but nevertheless, present severe challenges to organisms. One such challenge arises from the presence of ammonia. Ammonia is an efficient biocide, its effect being dependent on pH as well as on concentration. The effects of pH and ammonia concentration were studied separately, where possible, on a variety of organisms, including some isolated from natural enviornments of high pH and/or ammonia concentration. Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis are both extremely sensitive to ammonia. An aerobic organism (growth up to pH 11.4) from an alkaline spring is more resistant, but exhibits a toxic response to ammonia at a pH much lower than its maximum for growth. The greatest ammonia resistance has been found in an unidentified organism growing at near neutral pH. Even in this case, however, survival at ammonia concentrations reasonably expected on the Jovian planets is measured in hours. This is, nevertheless, two to three orders of magnitude longer than for E. coli. Our data support the tentative conclusion that contamination of the Jovian planets with terrestrial organisms that can grow is unlikely. However, the range of toxic response noted, coupled with the observation that terrestrial life has not been exposed to high ammonia concentrations for millions of years, suggests that adaptation to greater ammonia tolerance may be possible.

Ammonia↗
PubMed1980

Chemical evolution and the origin of life: bibliography supplement 1977.

This bibliography is the eighth annual supplement to the comprehensive bibliography on the same subject which was published in Space Life Sci. 2 (1970), 225-295; 3 (1972), 293-304; 4 (1973), 309-329 and in Origins of Life 5 (1974), 505-527; 6 (1975), 285-300; 7 (1976), 75-85; 8 (1977), 59-66; 9 (1978), 67-74.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1981

Chemical evolution and the origin of life: bibliography supplement 1979.

This bibliography is the tenth annual supplement to the comprehensive bibliography on the same subject which was published in Space Life Sci. 2 (1970), 225-295; 3 (1972), 293-304; 4 (1973), 309-329 and in Origins of Life 5 (1974), 505-527; 6 (1975), 285-300; 7 (1976), 75-85; 8 (1977), 59-66; 9 (1978), 67-74; 10 (1980), 69-87; 10 (1980), 379-404.

Amino Acids↗