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At least 649 records · Page 36Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Prevalence of asthma and asthma-like symptoms in an adult population sample from Verona. ECRHS Verona. European Community Respiratory Health Survey.

The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of asthma and asthma-like symptoms in the general population of Verona. A screening questionnaire, with seven questions on respiratory symptoms, was sent by mail to 3000 randomly selected subjects, aged 20-44 yrs. After three subsequent mailings, nonresponders were interviewed by telephone. The overall response rate was 92%. At least one respiratory symptom was reported by 44% subjects. The prevalence of the most frequent symptoms differed according to the type of contact: early respondents (i.e. those who responded by mail) were more likely to report symptoms than late respondents (i.e. those who were interviewed by telephone). Wheezing was reported by 11.3% of males and 8.0% of females (p < 0.01). The allergic rhinitis and hay-fever prevalence was 16.9% with no differences owing to sex or age. The prevalence of an "episode of asthma" (defined as a self-reported attack of asthma or treatment for asthma) and of "current asthma" (defined as a self-reported attack of asthma, treatment for asthma or wheezing other than due to a cold with dyspnoea in the last 12 months) was 4.1 and 4.7%, respectively. No differences were found on the basis of age and sex. The prevalence of asthma was greater in urban (5.0%) than in suburban (2.7%) areas (p < 0.05), where lower pollution levels were registered. The greater prevalence in urban areas suggests that some factors related to the urban environment could play a role in the development of asthma and asthma-like disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Studies upon the genetic effects of environmental chemicals: the coordinated research programme of the European Economic Community.

The objectives of the European Economic Community's Environmental Research and Development Programmes are to provide a scientific basis for current environmental policy and future environmental management. This paper reviews the work and achievements of the studies carried out by the collaborating laboratories during the period 1981-1985 of the 3rd Programme within the research area 'The Genetic Effects of Environmental Chemicals'. Research efforts supported by the programme may be divided into (i) those involving the validation of current genotoxicity assays and the evaluation of their use in community regulatory activities such as the classification and labelling of chemicals, (ii) those involving the characterization of the metabolic and genotoxic profile of specific chemicals and (iii) those involving the development of new technologies suitable for the hazard identification and risk evaluation of genotoxins. Validation studies have included those of the host mediated assay (and its various modifications), unscheduled DNA synthesis assays and a variety of Drosophila genotoxicity assays. New developments include assays for the detection of chromosome aneuploidy, protocols for cell transformation studies, the detection and quantification of genotoxic lesions, techniques for the study of transplacental genotoxicity, assays for the detection of genotoxic activity in the liver and in germ cells and monitoring techniques for the assessment of both environmental quality and genotoxin exposure in individuals and in populations. The coordination of research effort, such as that described here provides an effective mechanism for the concentration of research on specific problems, for the rapid dissemination of experimental data and the transfer of technology within the European Community.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

[Italian patients who received transplants from foreign countries].

The article analyzes the procedures for patient transferal to foreign countries presently adopted in Italy, with a particular insight in organ transplantation. All the legal and sanitary regulations that, from 1970 on, have regulated this issue for the European Community (now European Community) and extracommunitary countries are reviewed. The present legislation is reported and the guidelines for transferal to foreign countries is illustrated. The role of the specialistic regional referral centers in the concession of the authorization is examined in detail. The few available official sources have been reviewed to illustrate the migratory fluxes of transplant candidates in the recent years. Finally, the procedures that could make the system more efficient and uniform on the whole territory are reported.

Emigration and Immigration↗
PubMed1991

Dental licensure in the European Economic Community: implications for the United States.

The formation of the European Economic Community is resulting in historic changes. By the end of 1992, the European Community is expected to be operating as a single market of more than 320 million consumers, the largest in the world. The fundamental assumption underlying the creation of the European Community is that the best method to increase the general prosperity is a free market. The free market included services as well as goods and required the elimination of restrictions on the movement of people, goods and services among the 12 nations. In dentistry, this has already meant the elimination of licensure restriction for dentists in good standing who are citizens of the EEC and trained in approved educational programs within the EEC, but commercial barriers still remain to be eliminated by the end of 1992. The events occurring in Europe indicate that the outcome of the controversy regarding movement of dentists among states in the United States will be determined by larger societal considerations outside of the profession. The free market principle which underlies the changes in Europe is the fundamental economic philosophy in the United States. To the extent that limitation on the movement of health professionals is seen to contribute to higher costs for health care services in the United States, there may be increased efforts to license by credentials. Similarly, factors such as the need of families for greater freedom of movement between states and court challenges based on constitutionally protected rights may determine the outcome of licensure of dentists rather than issues which are of concern within the professional dental community.

Education, Dental↗