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PubMed2006

[Potentialities of intravital methods of the evaluation of morphometric pelvic characteristics in adult persons].

Comparative assessment of posthumous and intravital methods of morphometric study of the pelvis in adult persons was performed in 110 embalmed anatomical specimens and in 81 patient. It was proved statistically, that magnetic resonance tomography and spiral computer tomography (SCT), performed following definite algorithm, appear to be highly informative methods for the evaluation of pelvimetric parameters. They permit to define various osseous landmarks with high precision and to perform the measurements of linear metric pelvic parameters. On the basis of the data obtained, various pelvimetric indices that characterize bony pelvis shape, could be reliably calculated. Moreover, SCT together with shade surface reconstruction in different projections permits to demonstrate visually the 3D shape of the pelvis or its separate fragments and to evaluate the symmetry, presence or absence of bone structural deformations.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[Teaching arthroscopy techniques at the Educational Center for Clinical Anatomy and Endoscopy (ECAE), Department of Anatomy, 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague].

In the period from 2000 to 2005, with support of several grants, a unique multi-media center for teaching endoscopic techniques was established at the Department of Anatomy, 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague. This conditions have been provided for the repeated use of cadavers preserved by a special embalming method of Professor Thiel of the Institute for Anatomy, University of Graz, for simulation of surgical procedures. One room of the Department has been converted into a small operating theatre and an audio-visual network with wireless Internet connection covers the whole dissection unit of the Department. A graphic studio for production of teaching materials has also been set up. The course in dissection for the first- and second-year medical students also includes demo arthroscopy. In addition to the courses for students, postgraduate courses for young surgeons are organized. These provide an opportunity to learn about techniques and instruments employed in a broad range of arthroscopic procedures, using appropriate cadaver materials.

Arthroscopy↗
PubMed1991

[Contribution of MRI to the preoperative evaluation of rotator cuff tears].

The authors report a series of 38 patients who had been examined by MRI and then operated for a rotator cuff syndrome. The correlation between the description of the cuff lesions after MRI and the surgical observations were excellent for 37 patients. In one case MRI showed a false image of tear of the supra spinatus m. on its anterior edge. This was due to a bad knowledge of the anatomy of the muscle and tendon and to a poor orientation of the frontal cut plane. This study was completed with MRI and anatomic study of 12 non embalmed cadaveric shoulders. The results showed that MRI was very sensitive (0.93) and specific (0.94) for the diagnosis of rotator cuff tears. MRI allowed also to show partial tears of the tendons of the rotator cuff. The authors propose a MRI classification of cuff lesions which permits to establish a good surgical planning.

Female↗
PubMed1991

Active force-length relationship of human lower-leg muscles estimated from morphological data: a comparison of geometric muscle models.

Muscle fibre lengths, pennation angles, and sarcomere lengths were measured (the latter by a diffraction technique) for each of the muscles of three embalmed lower-leg specimens. From these data and filament lengths from Walker & Schrodt (1973), the optimum fibre lengths were determined. Relationships between length and active force (at full activation) of the lower-leg muscles were calculated by use of (i) a unipennate muscle model, (ii) a bipennate model, and (iii) bipennate models in which the cosine of the pennation angle is approximated as length independent. It is concluded that the first two models are equally useful and that the use of the last models is discouraged in case of strongly pennated muscles. Non-uniformity of fibre parameters within one muscle appears to have little effect on the force-length relationship.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

The brachial plexus in the vervet monkey (Cercopithecus pygerythrus).

The brachial plexus in ten embalmed, mature vervet monkeys was dissected to document the structure and branching pattern of this nerve plexus in this frequently used research animal. In general, the brachial plexus in the vervet monkey was similar to the plexus of other Old World monkeys. However, several aspects were comparable to those observed in domestic animals. Thus the quadrupedal and bipedal abilities of the vervet monkey was reflected in the structure of its brachial plexus.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Radiographic evaluation of the corporotransverse ligament at the L5 intervertebral foramen: a cadaveric study.

An extraforaminal ligament bisecting the L5/S1 intervertebral foramen and known as the corporotransverse ligament was studied in 15 adult embalmed cadavers. Its relationship to the L5 ventral ramus, sympathetic chain and gray ramus communicans was observed and recorded. The corporotransverse ligament has been implicated as a site for potential entrapment of the L5 nerve. The purpose of this study was to determine if the ligament could be detected radiographically. A single sample spine containing the ligament was hemisected and the neural, vascular and adipose tissue removed. Plain film, linear tomography and axial computed tomography (CT) slices were evaluated and the results compared. The corporotransverse ligament was not visualized by either plain film or linear tomography. Due to its superior resolution in the imaging of soft tissues, the ligament was well demonstrated by CT. Further studies with the neural tissue intact, imaging with magnetic resonance and in vivo comparison studies are recommended.

Dissection↗
PubMed1990

Anterior tibial tendon insertion: an anatomical study.

Anatomical variations of the anterior tibial tendon insertion were studied by dissection in 44 normal feet of 22 embalmed adult cadavers. Three types of insertion were found. The most common insertion (56.8%) was a division of the tendon into two slips, equal in width, the one slip being inserted into the first cuneiform and the other slip into the base of the first metatarsal. The next most common (27.3%) was a division of the tendon into a large slip, inserted into the first cuneiform, and a small slip, inserted into the base of the first metatarsal. The third type, and least common tendon insertion (15.9%), was by a single slip into the first cuneiform only. Knowledge of these anatomical variations will assist surgeon in performing anterior tibial tendon transposition for recurrent congenital clubfoot.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Structures at risk from medially placed acetabular screws.

The anatomical structures adjacent to fourteen acetabula were studied to identify structures that are at risk from acetabular screws. There were six embalmed acetabula, four acetabula from two fresh autopsy specimens, and four acetabula that were studied during two gynecological operations. Models were constructed to show where these screws can penetrate. Medially placed screws either penetrated or came dangerously close to the external iliac vein; the obturator artery, nerve, and vein; and tributaries of the internal iliac vein. To avoid injury to the medial vascular structures, screws should not be placed in the anterosuperior quadrant of the acetabulum.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed1990

[Vascular problems in gastric esophagoplasty after esophagectomy or circular pharyngolaryngectomy].

Gastric oesophagoplasty (GOP) after total oesophagectomy or circular pharyngolaryngectomy is complicated by an average anastomotic breakdown or fistula rate of 15%, and a stenosis rate of 8%. Ischemia related to the actual procedure itself undoubtedly plays a role in the production of such complications in spite of the rich vascular supply to the stomach. The authors report the results of an anatomical study involving 24 stomachs from non-embalmed adults studied by various forms of arteriography depending in the GOP technique employed. For healthy normotensive gastric arteries, they demonstrate the principal elements likely to influence the vascularisation of the graft and propose a provisional vascular score for ischemia. Based on this, they discuss the vascular risks associated with GOP techniques in general.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Comparative study of vascularization of the stomach after hyperselective vagotomy and anterior seromyotomy].

Based on a Micropaque arteriography study of 21 stomachs from non-embalmed adults, the authors compare the ischemic consequences of highly selective vagotomy (HSV) with those of anterior seromyotomy (ASM) combined with posterior trunk vagotomy. HSV inevitably produced an avascular band 2-4 cm wide in the lesser curve region. ASM, to be total and effective, needs to produce hemostasis of the submucosal plexus thereby also producing ischemia of the denuded mucososubmucosal band. It is however possible to avoid the submocosal plexus by remaining more superficial; however, it is then necessary to combine an additional neurotomy otherwise the procedure is likely to fail. In any event, the partial ischemia associated with ASM is much less serious than that noted after HSV.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Strength of initial mechanical fixation of screw ring acetabular components.

This study was conducted to determine the effects of design on the initial fixation of several types of screw-ring acetabular components. The components were tested in polyurethane foam to assess relative screw fixation strengths with a consistent material. Embalmed pelves from anatomic specimens were used to conduct paired tests between designs that showed large differences in insertional torque to failure in foam. The quality of the initial fixation in foam was found to be dependent on the design features of the components. Components with widely spaced, deep threads, and minimal thread interruptions offered the strongest initial fixation in foam. Tests in bone revealed a wide range of fixation strengths reflecting the variability in bone quality. No differences in fixation strength attributable to component design were observed in bone. When the insertional failure torque was greater than 60 N.m, one-half of the pelves fractured, and these fractures occurred with all designs. At failure torques less than 60 N.m, failure was predominantly due to thread strippage of the screw, with only two of 20 specimens experiencing pelvic fracture.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed1990

[Experiences of forensic medicine with death in foreign travel].

In cases of death which occur in a foreign country, the official post mortem diagnosis does often not correspond with our findings at obduction. Therefore an obduction should be performed in dubious cases at arrival in the native country. Even in a state of embalming and/or putrefaction the findings at obduction are still reliable.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Micro-anatomy of nutrient vessels of skin of dorsal surface of forearm and its clinical applications].

The dissection of 35 cadavers embalmed by formalin was performed under an operative microscope. The block of the posterior forearm skin unit of another 8 fresh cadavers was removed and was x-rayed to elucidate its vascular pattern, after being injected with radiopaque materials. The posterior cutaneous branch of anterior interosseous artery and the posterior interosseous artery on the posterior forearm were described in detail. They can be axial arteries of posterior forearm flap or fascial flap which have been used to cover the defects of soft tissues at the dorsal hand, 1st web space and wrist. The largest size of the flap can be 8.5 x 9.5 cm, it is enough to reach metacarpophalangeal joint. 8 cases have been treated by this flap, the final result was good.

Blood Vessels↗
PubMed1989

Mechanical considerations for the syndesmosis screw. A cadaver study.

The purpose of this study was to examine the mechanical necessity of using a syndesmosis screw to supplement rigid internal fixation of the fibula and medial malleolus in the treatment of pronation-external rotation fractures. The legs of thirty embalmed and five fresh cadavera were dissected and mounted through the tibia to a frame so that multiple radiographs could be made with a constant relationship between the specimen and the x-ray apparatus. A standardized pronation-external rotation load was applied to the foot, and widening of the syndesmosis was studied on mortise radiographs that were made after each experimental step. On the basis of previous investigations, we developed a model for pronation-external rotation injuries that included disruption of the syndesmosis and interosseous membrane up to the level of the fibular fracture. Accordingly, multiple repaired fibular fractures could be simulated at several levels in the same specimen by incremental proximal division of the interosseous membrane. Specimens were separated into two groups. Group I consisted of thirteen specimens in which the deltoid ligament, syndesmosis, and interosseous membrane were serially sectioned in 1.5-centimeter increments. Group II (ten sections) was subjected to the same protocol, except that the deltoid ligament was kept intact until the final step. The five fresh specimens were sectioned in the same way as those in Group I. In Group I, since the simulated pronation-external rotation injury included a deltoid tear, rigid medial fixation was not possible; accordingly, there was rigid fibular fixation only.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Ankle↗
PubMed1989

Anatomical observations on the arcade of Frohse and other structures related to the deep radial nerve. Anatomical interpretation of deep radial nerve entrapment neuropathy.

In a series of 120 elbow regions (66 male, 54 female) from embalmed human cadavers, the authors observed the course of the deep radial nerve and then related it to structures such as a) the deep surface of the initial part of the extensor carpi radialis brevis, which was found to be tendinous in 90% of the cases, b) the superior hiatus of the supinator muscle, which formed a fibrous arcade of Frohse in 61% of the cases, and the distance of its peak from the lateral condyle, which ranged from 4 to 6 cm, and c) the angle between the superficial oblique muscle fibres of the supinator and the long axis of the radius, which varies from 18 degrees to 38 degrees and crossed the nerve almost transversely. The above anatomical factors--and particularly the thickened fibrous arcade of Frohse--are all important for the deep radial entrapment neuropathy in predisposed individuals.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Axial loading studies of unstable intertrochanteric fractures of the femur.

An experimental four-part unstable intertrochanteric (IT) femoral fracture was created with either a large or small posteromedial fragment (PMF). Sixty-eight adult embalmed femoral anatomic specimens were fractured and subjected to axial loading after fixation. The maximum load prior to failure for femora from the same anatomic specimen was compared to differentiate between different methods of fixation. In the presence of the large PMF variation, anatomic reduction and fixation allowed the femur to resist an average maximum load 57% greater than identical fractures with the fragment excluded. Fixation of the small PMF increased construct strength by an average of 17% over no fixation. The PMF is the keystone to mechanical stability for IT fractures of the femur. When anatomic reduction is possible, its fixation becomes progressively more critical as its size increases.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Postmortem tissue embolisms. Report of 3 cases].

In three cases of autopsy (cause of death - intoxication and drowning) we found in the lung intraalveolar und intravasal lymphatic tissue and bone-marrow. The results cannot be explained with violence during lifetime, but in tow cases as an effect of fracture of rips caused by external cardiacmassage, in one case by embalming with injection of conservation fluids.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

A doubled flexor carpi radialis muscle.

A doubled flexor carpi radialis muscle was observed in the right forearm of an embalmed adult male cadaver. The extra muscle took origin from intermuscular septa and inserted on the 3rd metacarpal. It shared the nerve supply and the synovial sheath of the regular muscle. The pertinent anatomical literature is reviewed.

Adult↗