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PubMed1994

Intraoral metal adhesion utilized for occlusal rehabilitation.

Recent advances in adhesive monomers and surface preparation methods allow strong resin adhesion to all intraoral metal surfaces. Resin-metal bond strengths may exceed typical resin-etched enamel bonds. Innovations in prosthetic procedures have resulted. Data for metal adhesion are reviewed and the use of intraoral metal adhesion to finalize an occlusal rehabilitation is illustrated. Included in the metal surface preparations are intraoral sandblasting and intraoral tin plating.

Dental Alloys↗
PubMed1994

Retrieval studies on calcium phosphate-coated implants.

The search for the improvement of implant fixation in bone resulted several years ago in the introduction of calcium phosphate coatings on orthopaedic (and dental) implants. Since then many animal experiments, especially on hydroxylapatite coatings, have been performed. By now the first promising results from clinical studies are also available. In this review, the plasma-spray process is described and some of the current techniques for the analysis of retrieved implants are discussed. It is now widely understood that the calcium phosphate hydroxylapatite is osteoconductive. Various experimental animal studies revealed the capability of calcium phosphate coatings to enhance implant fixation, especially under specific or less optimal conditions such as a with a porous implant, loose fit, micromotion or experimental arthritis. Clinical studies, including the analysis of retrieved hydroxylapatite coated hip implants, confirmed these promising results and as a consequence, hydroxylapatite coated total joint prostheses are now used on a large scale. Two questions that are closely related with each other are very actual, e.g. the strength of the coating-substrate interface and how stable or crystalline should hydroxylapatite coatings be for a proper clinical function? There does not yet seem to be a consistent answer to these questions.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Sandblasting and tin-plating-surface treatments to improve bonding with resin cements.

The superior cementation strengths of the adhesive resin cements can now be used in the dental surgery for posts, crowns and bridges and for intra-oral repairs to fractured porcelain fused to metal crowns or bridges, thanks to the availability of miniature sandblasters and portable tin-platers. The author describes the techniques involved.

Boron Compounds↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of tin plating systems for a high-noble alloy.

The tensile bond strength of Panavia EX to a high-noble alloy prepared by abrasive spraying and tin plating was measured. Two different intraoperatory tin plating systems were compared. Disk-shaped specimens were cast in type III gold, abrasive sprayed with aluminum oxide, and divided into three groups of 30 specimens each. Specimens in one group were tin plated by using a Kura Ace Mini unit, those in the second group were tin plated by using a Micro Tin unit, and those in the third group were not tin plated and served as the control group. Disks within each group were luted to each other with Panavia EX. The specimens were thermocycled and tested in tension. There was no significant difference between the two tin plated groups; however, the luting bond of both experimental groups was significantly stronger than was that of the control (P < .05).

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Resin-bonded inlay retainer prostheses for posterior teeth. A 5-year clinical study.

This study evaluated posterior resin-bonded prostheses using inlays as retainers. Thirty-nine patients missing at least one premolar or first molar received 51 resin-bonded fixed partial dentures with high noble alloy inlay retainers and a metal ceramic pontic. Resin luting material bonding to the framework was secured by the Silicoating method (24 fixed partial dentures), lost sugar crystal method (13 fixed partial dentures), or tin plating (14 fixed partial dentures). Clinical examinations were performed 1 week, 1 month, 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, and 5 years after cementation. None of the fixed partial dentures with silicoating or sugar crystal impressions lost retention, whereas two of the tin-plated fixed partial dentures required replacement. Resin-bonded inlay-retained prostheses appear to be a favorable alternative to other types of fixed partial dentures.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Nickel-containing alloys and platings and their ability to cause dermatitis.

A broad range of nickel-containing alloys and coatings used in jewellery, watches and clothes, were patch tested in 100 nickel-sensitive subjects and in 20 nickel-negative controls. Three non-plated stainless-steel alloys tested caused no patch-test reaction. Nickel interliners under gold, silver or chromium plating, as well as nickel-silver and some white-gold alloys, caused positive patch-test reactions. Ear ornaments, wristwatches and buttons were the objects most frequently causing dermatitis. Half the nickel-sensitive participants suspected that they had been sensitized before the age of 20. The results of the study have been used as the basis for developing clinically relevant analytical methods for nickel release. The methods are proposed as European Standards and will be used in the Nickel Directive, an EC regulation aiming at the prevention of nickel allergy.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Synergistic relationship between luting and priming agents and gold restorations plated with stannic oxide.

Bonding to dentin and enamel has increased restorative treatment options, provided the materials are used to optimum advantage. Restorative dentists must understand the indications and the proper mechanisms for using these materials. As with many techniques and procedures, it takes more time to describe than to accomplish. The tooth-conditioning and cementing steps are standard treatment procedures used daily in most dental offices. Tin-plating and preparing the metal surface are laboratory procedures and consume no chair time. The clinical advantages of bonding--such as resistance to microleakage and recurring decay, enhanced retention, preservation of tooth structure, and extended restoration prognosis--far outweigh the modest increase in placement time.

Cementation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Tensile bond strength of resin luting cement to a porcelain-fusing noble alloy.

This study evaluated the tensile bond strength of resin composites to a noble alloy for ceramic bonding after various surface treatments. The flat end of bars cast in the alloy were used as test specimens. Eighteen clinically relevant combinations of luting agent, airborne particle abrasion, and surface treatment were applied. After surface treatment, two bars were bonded together. Resin cement, either dual-polymerizing (Twinlook) or chemically polymerizing (Panavia EX, Panavia 21, or RBBC), was used as a luting agent. The specimens were subjected to 1,000 thermal cycles between 15 degrees C and 60 degrees C before tensile bond strength testing. The highest median bond strengths were obtained using the Silicoater MD method/Twinlook (20.6 to 26.1 MPa) or with tin-plating/ Panavia EX (24.0 MPa), but more low values were recorded among the latter specimens. Tin-plating/Panavia 21 gave median tensile bond strengths (18.1 MPa) similar to tin-plating/Panavia EX. The Silicoater MD method resulted in similar bond strengths with or without the addition of a layer of Opaquer. The traditional Silicoater method (8.0 to 12.4 MPa) gave significantly lower median tensile bond strength values, and the lost sugar crystals method resulted in a tensile bond strength of 15.4 MPa.

Aluminum Oxide↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A needle-type sensor for monitoring glucose in whole blood.

A new surface-process technology employing electrochemical fixation of a bioactive substance (enzyme and heparin) to a sensor electrode was developed to provide biocompatability and functionality. The fabrication process includes electroentrapment of glucose oxidase and heparin on a platinum electrode by using 1,3-phenylenediamine codeposition. Electrochemically grown 1,3-phenylenediamine was also used as the outer coating of the sensor's enzyme electrode in order to extend the linear range. The sensor shows a sensitivity of 3 nA/mM and a linear range from 40 to 400 mg/dL at 37 degrees C when tested in whole blood. This sensor is characterized by a fast response. The sensor shows a minimum change in its performance when stored inactive in buffer for 12 weeks. When tested at physiologic glucose levels, the sensor demonstrates satisfactory low interference from common interfering substances. This technology seems promising for the preparation of implantable intravascular biosensors.

Anticoagulants↗
PubMed1997

Gold plating on spectacle frames.

An investigation was carried out into the thickness and standard of application of the plating and lacquer coatings applied to three metal spectacle frames. All conform to BS 6625 (1991) for plating thickness, but there was considerable variation in regularity and porosity.

Electroplating↗
PubMed1997

Gold Electroforming System: GES restorations.

The use of electrolysis as a means of forming a substructure for porcelain-fused-to-metal inlays, onlays, full crowns and even bridges has many advantages over the use of cast metal. Composed of pure gold deposited directly onto a duplicate die, electroformed copings have a high degree of biocompatibility and accuracy for increased durability (photograph 18). The internal surfaces of the coping match the exterior of the duplicate die exactly, and the thickness of the material deposited is a uniform 0.2mm. Marginal accuracy on completed restorations is on average 19 microns. The gold has the added advantage of burnishability. Recent developments in equipment and technique have placed this form of substructure well within the scope of consideration for most ceramics laboratories.

Dental Abutments↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Preliminary evaluation of tin plating for extracoronal restorations: evaluation of marginal quality and retention.

PURPOSE: The influence of tin plating on marginal seating and retention of complete cast crowns was evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-six standardized gold-alloy complete crowns were made on extracted human molar teeth prepared with a modified milling machine using conventional laboratory techniques. The crowns were randomly assigned to two groups according to the treatment of the fitting surface (air abraded with 50-micron aluminum oxide for 10 seconds, or tin plated with a microtin system for 3 seconds), and luted with adhesive resin cement (Panavia-EX, J. Morita). Scanning electron microscopy was used to evaluate the variables for the cast alloy. Retention was measured with an instron testing machine after thermocycling (1,500 cycles between 5 degrees C and 55 degrees C with 1 minute dwell times). Marginal adaptation was measured with a Nikon microscope before and after cementation. Results were subjected to one-way analysis of variance and Student's t test. RESULTS: Retention was significantly different (P < 0.001); the highest retention (367 N) was reported in tin-plated crowns. Differences for marginal seating were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Tin plating after air abrasion was found to be a predictable and simple technique to roughen the casting surface, increase the surface area for bonding, and significantly improve the retention of cast crowns in vivo.

Analysis of Variance↗