SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “EJACULATION”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

SourceResearch connectionFrom yearThrough year

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 649 records · Page 36Linked to original sources

PubMed1993

[Comparison of preparation techniques with reference to final spermatozoa concentration and survival and fertilization rate in vitro in normal and pathologic ejaculates].

Various methods are available in the preparation of normal and pathological ejaculates within the framework of available techniques of assisted reproduction. The authors examined the recovery rate, the long-term motility and the fertilization rate in vitro after both normal and pathological test results, of preparations, using one of the three most commonly used techniques. Centrifugation with its resulting swim up (Z) is a method still widely used because of the good sperm recovery rate it produces. However, in our tests, it achieved the lowest level capacity, compared with sperm separation by migration/sedimentation, with resultant swim up (M) and Percoll gradient centrifugation (P). The statistically highly significant fast decline of motility after preparation by Z, compared with the other two above mentioned techniques, in both normal and pathological ejaculates is a further indication, that Z has a negative influence upon the integrity of the spermatozoa. The results of research submitted here suggest the abandonment of Z in its standard form in favour of other techniques. After normal test results, both M and P might be used, but in the case of pathological ejaculate, P would be recommended.

Female↗

PubMed1995

CD4+ cells in human ejaculates.

Using flow cytometry, we studied the expression of the CD4 antigen within the different cells present in human ejaculate, both in spermatozoa and round cells. In all, 20 samples of semen were obtained from fertile males; in 11 of these, we detected the presence of leukocytes, using the peroxidase test. Swim-up was performed for the analysis of the spermatozoa. From our results it may be concluded that there is no expression of the CD4 antigen on the surface of human spermatozoa or on CD45- ejaculate cells (epithelial and germinal cells). However, we did detect the presence of the CD4 antigen on the surface of the leukocyte cells (CD45+). A better characterization of these CD45+ cells made it apparent that the CD4+ cells of ejaculate are composed of T lymphocytes (helper/inducer T lymphocytes) and monocytes. Thus we may conclude that human spermatozoa do not express the CD4 antigen, the cell surface receptor for human immunodeficiency virus. However, we did detect CD4+ T lymphocytes and CD4+ monocytes in semen.

CD4 Antigens↗

PubMed2002

Evolution of ejaculates: patterns of phenotypic and genotypic variation and condition dependence in sperm competition traits.

Sperm competition is widely recognized as a potent force in evolution, influencing male behavior, morphology, and physiology. Recent game theory analyses have examined how sperm competition can influence the evolution of ejaculate expenditure by males and the morphology of sperm contained within ejaculates. Theoretical analyses rest on the assumption that there is sufficient genetic variance in traits important in sperm competition to allow evolving populations to move to the evolutionarily stable equilibrium. Moreover, patterns of genotypic variation can provide valuable insight into the nature of selection currently acting on traits. However, our knowledge of genetic variance underlying traits important in sperm competition is limited. Here we examine patterns of phenotypic and genotypic variation in four sperm competition traits in the dung beetle Onthophagus taurus. Testis weight, ejaculate volume, and copula duration were found to have high coefficients of additive genetic variation (CV(A)S), which is characteristic of fitness traits and traits subject to sexual selection. Heritabilities were high, and there was some evidence for Y-linked inheritance in testis weight. In contrast, sperm length had a low CV(A), which is characteristic of traits subject to stabilizing selection. Nevertheless, there was little residual variance so that the heritability of sperm length exceeded 1.0. Such a pattern is consistent with Y-linked inheritance in sperm length. Interestingly, we found that testis weight and sperm length were genetically correlated with heritable male condition. This finding holds important implications for potential indirect benefits associated with the evolution of polyandry.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

A new method to estimate quantitatively seminal vesicle and prostate gland contributions to ejaculate.

AIMS: We sought to optimize a quantitative noninvasive method to determine the concentration in their glands of origin of biochemical markers of compartments of the male genital tract as the first step towards validation of a novel method for estimation of drug concentrations in these male genital tract compartments. METHODS: Sixty-eight men participated. We compared four collection devices to split ejaculate into fractions. Fractions were assayed for fructose and prostate specific antigen (PSA) as unique markers of the seminal vesicle and prostate, respectively. Seminal vesicle fructose and prostatic PSA were estimated using a linear regression method, based on fructose-PSA axis intercepts, and compared with an older method which solves a simultaneous series of equations. RESULTS: A five-compartment collection device performed best with mean (95% confidence interval) PSA vs. fructose r(2) of 0.84 (0.71, 0.98, P < 0.001). Using resampling simulations, glandular PSA and fructose estimates were highly variable and often implausible when using only two fractions. Using our method, the prostate contributed 37-44% to the whole ejaculate and the seminal vesicle contributed 55-61%. The novel regression method was highly correlated (r(2) > or = 0.98) with older methods. CONCLUSIONS: We developed a noninvasive quantitative method of male genital tract biochemical marker estimation using a five-compartment tray to collect three to five ejaculate fractions. Our novel regression method is quantitative and more fully developed than older methods. This noninvasive method for determining glandular marker concentrations should be useful to provide quantitative estimates of drug concentrations in these glands.

Andrology↗

PubMed1988

Differences in osmolality, pH, buffering capacity, superoxide dismutase and maintenance of sperm motility in human ejaculates according to the degree of coagulation.

The purpose of this study was to compare various seminal plasma parameters in fresh human ejaculates exhibiting different amounts of coagulum. Poorly coagulating samples demonstrated significantly lower osmolality and buffering capacity but had a higher pH than did samples with good coagulation. However, no correlation was obtained between the activity of superoxide dismutase and the amount of coagulum. Eight hours after ejaculation, sperm motility had decreased by 15 and 80% in samples with good and poor coagulation, respectively. It is suggested that subfertility may be associated with poor coagulation of ejaculates.

Adult↗

PubMed1975

Stimulation of sperm motility by kinins in fresh and 24 hours aged human ejaculates.

Kallikrein, a kinin-releasing proteinase, significantly stimulates human sperm motility in fresh ejaculates with primarely reduced sperm motility (asthenozoospermia) as well as in 24 hours stored ejaculates with reduced sperm motility resulting from post-ejaculatory aging processes. adiition of a kininogen source (serum) further significantly improved sperm motility of kallikrein-stimulated ejaculates. In contrast to the 24 hours lasting stimulation of kallikrein, enhancement of sperm motility by kinins is limited to 2 hours after addition of a single dose of kallidin (1 ng/ml).

Humans↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Correlation studies of morphological and biochemical parameters in human ejaculate in various andrological diagnoses. 3rd report. Correlations between morphological and biochemical parameters.

The result of a study of correlations between morphological and biochemical parameters in human ejaculate is presented in conclusion of an extensive study of these parameters. Basing on these results, for which a statistical significance of p less than 0.05 was calculated, it can be stated that higher fructose concentrations are associated with lower sperm density; at the same time, the higher fructose concentrations correlate with a higher percentage of non-motile and of pathologically changed spermatozoa. Similar associations can be established for certain substrates which result from fructolysis. The possibility of diffusion of enzymes from the cellular components must be considered as regards the increased activities of PGK, PGI and ATPase in seminal plasma in the presence of greater sperm density. Reliable conclusions about associations between morphological characteristics and enzyme activities can be expected in the future from appropriate measurements in the cellular elements (spermatozoa, round cells) of the ejaculate. The study results provide a further insight into the biochemistry of seminal plasma and into the associations between morphological and biochemical parameters in the ejaculate.

Acid Phosphatase↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase and beta-glucuronidase in human ejaculates. Relation with abnormal liquefaction.

Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGTP) and beta-glucuronidase activity were measured with commercial kits in 104 ejaculates. The two enzyme activities showed a positive correlation and GGTP activity was significantly correlated with sperm number and citrate concentration. GGTP activity is probably from prostatic origin. Ejaculates with abnormal liquefaction had a lower mean GGTP activity compared with ejaculates which showed normal liquefaction. In contrast beta-glucuronidase activity did not show such a difference.

Citrates↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Enzyme activity of human ejaculates, relation with abnormal liquefaction.

Five different enzyme activities were estimated in ejaculates obtained from 96 men visiting our infertility clinic. Sperm count showed a significant positive correlation with aspartate-aminotransferase (GOT) and alanine-aminotransferase (GPT). Acid phosphatase was positively correlated with gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGTP) and citrate and negatively with fructose. GGTP showed similar relationships with citrate and fructose. For beta-glucuronidase a low positive correlation with GGTP and GOT was detected. The enzyme activities of 27 ejaculates with a high viscosity were not significantly different from the activities of ejaculates with normal liquefaction. The conclusion is reached that insufficient prostatic enzyme secretion is not the cause of abnormal liquefaction in these patients.

Acid Phosphatase↗

PubMed2005

Fertilization of in vitro matured human oocytes by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) using ejaculated and testicular spermatozoa.

AIM: To evaluate the fertilization competence of spermatozoa from ejaculates and testicle when the oocytes were matured in vitro following intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). METHODS: Fifty-six completed cycles in 46 women with polycystic ovarian syndrome were grouped according to the semen parameters of their male partners. Group 1 was 47 cycles that presented motile and normal morphology spermatozoa in ejaculates and Group 2 was the other nine cycles where male partners were diagnosed as obstructive azoospermia and spermatozoa could only be found in testicular tissue fragment. All female patients received minimal stimulation with gonadotropin. Immature oocytes were matured in vitro and inseminated by ICSI. The spermatozoa from testes were retrieved by testicular fine needle aspiration. RESULTS: A total of 449 and 78 immature oocytes were collected and cultured for 48 hours, 75.5 % (339/449) and 84.6 % (66/78) oocytes were matured in Groups 1 and 2, respectively. The percentage of oocytes achieving normal fertilization was significantly higher in Group 1 than that in Group 2 (72.9 % vs. 54.5 %, P 0.05). There were no significant differences in the rates of oocytes cleavage and clinical pregnancies in these two groups [87.4 % (216/247) vs. 88.9 % (32/36); 21.3 % (10/47) vs. 44.4 % (4/9)]. A total of 15 babies in the two groups were healthy delivered at term. CONCLUSION: It appears that IVM combined with ICSI using testicular spermatozoa can produce healthy infants, while the normal fertilization rate of in vitro matured oocytes after ICSI using testicular spermatozoa was significantly lower than using the ejaculated spermatozoa.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

Concentrations of gatifloxacin in plasma and urine and penetration into prostatic and seminal fluid, ejaculate, and sperm cells after single oral administrations of 400 milligrams to volunteers.

Gatifloxacin (GTX), a new fluoroquinolone with extended antibacterial activity, is an interesting candidate for the treatment of chronic bacterial prostatitis (CBP). Besides the antibacterial spectrum, the concentrations in the target tissues and fluids are crucial for the treatment of CBP. Thus, it was of interest to investigate its penetration into prostatic and seminal fluid. GTX concentrations in plasma, urine, ejaculate, prostatic and seminal fluid, and sperm cells were determined by a high-performance liquid chromatography method after oral intake of a single 400-mg dose in 10 male Caucasian volunteers in the fasting state. Simultaneous application of the renal contrast agent iohexol was used to estimate the maximal possible contamination of ejaculate and prostatic and seminal fluid by urine. GTX was well tolerated. The means (standard deviations) for the following parameters were as indicated: time to maximum concentration of drug in serum, 1.66 (0. 91) h; maximum concentration of drug in serum, 2.90 (0.39) microg/ml; area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 24 h, 25.65 microg. h/ml; and half life, 7.2 (0.90) h. Within 12 h about 50% of the drug was excreted unchanged into the urine. The mean renal clearance was 169 ml/min. The gatifloxacin concentrations in ejaculate, seminal fluid, and prostatic fluid were in the range of the corresponding plasma concentrations which were 1.92 (0.27) microg/ml at approximately the same time point (4 h after drug intake). The concentrations in sperm cells (0.195, 0.076, and 0.011 microg/ml) could be determined in three subjects. The good penetration into prostatic and seminal fluid, the good tolerance, and the previously reported broad antibacterial spectrum suggest that GTX may be a good alternative for the treatment of chronic bacterial prostatitis. Clinical studies should be performed to confirm this assumption.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1983

Pregnancy rate after homologous insemination of pathological ejaculate both with and without the addition of kallikrein.

As part of a gynecological-andrological cooperation programme for the treatment of infertile marriages made by the 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and the Department of Urology, University of Vienna Medical School, the pregnancy rates achieved through 1,269 homologous inseminations of pathological ejaculates (according to Elliason's classification) both with and without addition of kallikrein was analysed retrospectively. In the case of 131 married couples, only 5 pregnancies occurred without the addition of kallikrein, and where kallikrein was used, there were also 5 pregnancies in 75 couples (6.66%). No conception occurred when cryoejaculate was used in addition. There were altogether 11 cases of spontaneous pregnancies. Conception could only be induced if an ejaculate of relatively high quality with a spermatozoa count of more than 12 million/ml and a 2-hour motility of more than 28% was used for insemination. The problems associated with homologous insemination with pathological ejaculate are being discussed.

Cold Temperature↗

PubMed2004

Disappearance of the PHA-E lectin binding site on the surface of ejaculated sperm and sperm capacitation in the dog.

Ejaculated semen and cross sections of the cauda epididymides collected from 3 normal dogs were smeared or stamped on glass slides, and the sperm on the slides were stained with 7 different FITC-lectins (Con A, DBA, GS-1, PHA-E, PSA, UEA-1, WGA) to examine the relation between sperm-binding glycoprotein derived from the canine prostate and sperm capacitation. The only lectin that stained the ejaculated sperm but not the cauda epididymal sperm was PHA-E. The sperm ejaculated by 5 other dogs were incubated for 4 hr in fluid flushed from the uterine horns or oviducts of estrous bitches, and then the percentages of actively motile sperm and hyperactivated sperm (HA-sperm) were determined. The percentages of PHA-E-labeled sperm and sperm labeled with fluoresceinated Ca indicator to assess the influx of Ca into the sperm were also evaluated. The mean percentages of actively motile sperm, HA-sperm, and Ca-labeled sperm after 4 hr of incubation in the uterine flush fluid and oviductal flush fluid were significantly higher than in control medium (P<0.05, 0.01), but the mean percentages of PHA-E-labeled sperm were lower (both P<0.01). The percentages of PHA-E-unlabeled sperm correlated with the percentages of both HA-sperm and Ca-labeled sperm (r(2)=0.787 and 0.812, respectively). The results indicate that loss of the glycoprotein secreted by the canine prostate on the sperm surface induces the influx of Ca into the sperm, and then hyperactivation of the sperm.

Acrosome Reaction↗

PubMed1976

Components of human split ejaculates. II. Enzymes and proteinase inhibitors.

Lysozyme, alpha-amylase, neutral proteinase and plasminogen activator were most concentrated in the initial portion of the ejaculate that consists mostly of Cowper's gland and prostate gland fluids as well as spermatozoa. The concentration of the high molecular weight proteinase inhibitors, alpha1-antitrypsin and alpha1X-antichymotrypsin, was essentially unaltered throughout the ejaculate fractions, although their absolute amounts showed an increase towards the final fraction. By contrast, the total inhibitory activity towards pancreatic trypsin was highest both in concentration and amount in the last fraction, thus indicating that the seminal vesicles are its primary source. Plasminogen, prothrombin, Factor XIII, and the proteinase inhibitors antithrombin III, alpha2-macroglobulin, inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor and C1S-inactivator could not be detected immunochemically in whole ejaculates, and indicates the dissimilarity between the coagulation/liquefaction processes of semen and blood.

Amylases↗

PubMed1976

Changes in total nitrogen, lipoproteins and amino acids in epididymal and ejaculated spermatozoa of bulls treated orally with ethylene dibromide.

Protein changes in epididymal and ejaculated spermatozoa were studied in bulls treated orally on alternate days with a total of 10 doses (each of 4 mg/kg body weight) of ethylene dibromide. No significant changes were found in the total nitrogen, amino acid or lipoprotein contents of the spermatozoa collected either from the epididymis 1 day after the last dose, or from ejaculates 9-13 days after the end of the treatment. Significant changes were found in the percentage composition of amino acids of the sperm proteins and lipoproteins but the changes differed in the caput, cauda and ejaculated spermatozoa.

Amino Acids↗

PubMed1979

Effects of osmolality, bicarbonate and buffer on the metabolism and motility of testicular, epididymal and ejaculated spermatozoa of boars.

Spermatozoa were collected from the rete testis of conscious boars, from the cauda epididymidis by retro-flushing, and by ejaculation. Testicular spermatozoa showed no progressive motility, and that of ejaculated was greater than that of epididymal spermatozoa. Glycolysis and respiration of testicular spermatozoa, while lower than that of the more mature cells, were only slightly affected by the incubation conditions. Epididymal spermatozoa converted 83% of the glucose they utilized to CO2 or lactate, but testicular cells converted only 35% to these metabolites. Synthesis of lipid was greatest by testicular spermatozoa. With the more mature cells hyperosmolar conditions depressed CO2 production, but increased lactate production, and these changes were greater for ejaculated than for epididymal spermatozoa. Glycolysis plus respiration of these cells was related to their motility. These results were interpreted as showing increasing motility, glycolysis and respiration with maturation, but also decreased synthetic capacity and increased sensitivity to the environment.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗

PubMed1979

Mechanism of liquefaction of the human ejaculate. II. Role of collagenase-like peptidase and seminal proteinase.

Collagenase-like peptidase and seminal proteinase were isolated from human testis and human seminal plasma. The effects of both enzymes upon proteins isolated from the human ejaculate were studied. Both enzymes degraded ejaculate proteins. The data suggest that collagenase-like peptidase is responsible for the first, and seminal proteinase for the second, phase of human ejaculate liquefaction in vitro.

Chromatography, Gel↗

PubMed1996

Effect of homologous and heterologous seminal plasma on the fertilizing ability of ejaculated bull spermatozoa assessed by penetration of zona-free bovine oocytes.

The ability of seminal plasma to influence the fertility of ejaculated bull spermatozoa was examined using a sperm penetration assay for zona-free bovine oocytes. Washed, ejaculated spermatozoa from bulls of below (low) or above average (high) fertility were mixed with seminal plasma from the same bull, or with seminal plasma from a bull of contrasting fertility. Treated spermatozoa were stained with different fluorochromes and competed to penetrate oocytes after heterospermic insemination in vitro. Washed spermatozoa exposed to seminal plasma from bulls of high fertility penetrated more oocytes than those spermatozoa mixed with seminal plasma from bulls of low fertility (P < 0.01). Mixing low fertility spermatozoa with high fertility seminal plasma generally improved penetrating ability compared with low fertility spermatozoa mixed with low fertility seminal plasma (P = 0.05). Washed spermatozoa from a bull of low fertility mixed with his own seminal plasma had greater ability to penetrate oocytes than did washed spermatozoa from a bull of high fertility mixed with seminal plasma from a bull of low fertility (P < 0.01). The bias associated with using low fertility seminal plasma from the bull providing the spermatozoa was removed by repeating this experiment using pooled seminal plasma from different subfertile bulls. After combination with pooled seminal plasma from bulls of low fertility spermatozoa from bulls of high or low fertility penetrated oocytes in a similar way, but high fertility spermatozoa had a slightly higher penetration rate (P = 0.12). In conclusion, the penetration of zona-free oocytes by ejaculated spermatozoa from bulls of low fertility was marginally improved by seminal plasma from bulls of high fertility, but penetration by high fertility spermaotoza was decreased by exposure to low fertility seminal plasma. Seminal plasma from bulls of low fertility similarly affected the penetrating ability of high and low fertility spermatozoa if the seminal plasma used was foreign to the spermatozoa being tested.

Animals↗