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At least 649 records · Page 36Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Biochemical characterization and tissue distribution of the Cora antigen, a cell surface glycoprotein differentially expressed on malignant and benign gastrointestinal epithelia.

A monoclonal antibody designated Cora was isolated which discriminates between malignant and benign colon epithelium. It identifies a novel, variably glycosylated membrane glycoprotein. Expression of the Cora antigen was shown to be characteristic for gastrointestinal carcinomas (100% of tested colorectal carcinomas, 70% of tested gastric carcinomas) but could not be detected on normal gastrointestinal tissues using histochemical methods on frozen tissue sections. An extensive survey of normal tissues revealed that the Cora antigen has a very restricted distribution pattern, being detected only on alveoli of the lung, granulocytes, and bone marrow. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of immunoprecipitates prepared from [35S]methionine, 125I, or [3H]glucosamine labeled colon carcinoma cell lines showed that the Cora antigen consists of a group of glycoproteins ranging in apparent molecular weight from 75,000 to 95,000. Following treatment with neuraminidase, the apparent molecular weights were reduced (65,000 to 85,000) but the size heterogeneity remained. Culturing the cells in the presence of tunicamycin, which inhibits N-linked glycosylation, removed this heterogeneity and under these conditions monoclonal antibody Cora precipitated a major band with an apparent molecular weight of 33,000. Because this monoclonal antibody can distinguish between normal and malignant gastrointestinal epithelia, expression of the Cora antigen may be associated with the process of malignant transformation in this tissue.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Cooperative phase II study of releasing tegafur (SF-SP) against advanced digestive cancers].

A Phase II Study of single oral administration of SF-SP containing sustained-release granules of tegafur was conducted in 37 cases of advanced cancers by 9 institutions in the Hokkaido area. Two capsules each containing 200 or 250 mg of SF-SP were orally administered twice daily for a total of either 800 or 1000 mg per day. The results were as follows: Of the 24 evaluable cases PR was observed in 4 cases. (16.7%) The observed efficacy rate by cancer type was 23.5% for gastric cancer and toxicity was observed in 10 (27.8%) of 35 subject cases. These results thus indicate SF-SP to be therapeutically effective for treatment of gastric cancers, with mild toxicity.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fine needle aspiration under percutaneous transhepatic cholangiographic guidance.

Fine needle aspiration (FNA) is a rapid diagnostic technique accompanied by minimal patient morbidity and providing access to deep visceral lesions. We report three cases of obstructive jaundice secondary to malignancy in which FNA was performed at the time of percutaneous transhepatic cholangiogram. After the cholangiogram was performed and the obstructive lesion identified, a drainage catheter was inserted for decompression of the biliary tree. Using the drainage tube as a guide, multiple FNAs of the area of obstruction were done. In case 1 an area adjacent to the common bile duct was aspirated and diagnosed as adenocarcinoma of undetermined origin. FNA of a liver mass in case 2 revealed poorly differentiated squamous carcinoma consistent with a previous uterine cervix biopsy. Both of these patients were discharged for outpatient treatment following the procedure. In case 3 FNA diagnostic of adenocarcinoma was obtained from an intra- and extrahepatic mass. This patient underwent exploratory laparotomy for possible resection; adenocarcinoma of the head of the pancreas was found. For patients with advanced malignancies, minimizing inpatient hospital time is an important goal. In cases of obstructive jaundice secondary to malignancy, the combined techniques of percutaneous cholangiogram, biliary tree compression and FNA provide both diagnosis and palliation, with minimal morbidity and inpatient care.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

[Is laparoscopic evaluation of digestive cancers legitimate? A prospective study of 109 cases].

UNLABELLED: This aims of this study is to evaluate after laparoscopic exploration or treatment in digestive cancers, the incidence of port site metastases and the incidence of unnecessary laparotomy in advanced disease. PATIENTS: 109 patients were included in this study: 91 had localized digestive cancers and 18 had disseminated disease with hepatic and/or peritoneal metastases. METHODS: All the patients underwent a laparoscopy and a laparoscopic ultra-sonography under general anesthesia prior to a definitive decision on therapeutic management. Depending on the circumstances, histological or cytological biopsies were performed. The puncture sites of the trocar were examined clinically and, if required, by ultrasonography, monthly through out the course of the disease. Chemotherapy was instigated in 60.5 per cent of patients. RESULTS: 35 patients (32.1 per cent) only had one laparoscopic examination with a mean survival of 4.8 months, 22.9 per cent of patients had laparoscopic treatment of their lesion and 44.9 per cent had conventional treatment. Laparoscopic exploration allowed the detection of 52 lesions that had not been identified by conventional imaging techniques and thereby avoided 35 laparotomies (32.1 per cent). Tumor invasion of the peritoneum was present in 46 per cent of cases, most notably in the cases of pancreatico-biliary cancers. The overall mean survival was 32.7 months while it was 9.8 months in cases of palliative treatment. In total, 436 trocars were used. There was one case (0.9 per cent of patient or 0.02 per cent of port) of a metastasis occurring at the site of the trocar following treatment by right-sided, laparoscopic colectomy in a patient with disseminated cancer. Two factors seem to be involved peritoneal spread of the tumor and manipulation of the tumor. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic exploration for digestive cancers is a legitimate technique. It allows the detection of lesions that are not identified by conventional imaging techniques, permits a more accurate assessment of the resectability of a tumor and reduces the number of unnecessary laparotomies. The incidence of metastases at the site of the trocar is low and is closely linked to the presence of disseminated disease and manipulation of the tumor.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

An early phase II study of intratumoral P-32 chromic phosphate injection therapy for patients with refractory solid tumors and solitary metastases.

BACKGROUND: In this early Phase II study, the authors investigated the efficacy of intratumoral injection of P-32 chromic phosphate in 17 patients with refractory solid tumors or solitary metastases in terms of response rates and overall survival. METHODS: Seventeen patients (median age, 60 years) with either cytostatic drug-resistant tumors or tumors known to be primarily chemotherapy-resistant were entered into the study. After sonographic determination of the tumor volume, P-32 chromic phosphate (74-555 MBq) was injected into the central part of the tumor under sonographic guidance. Follow-up investigations included serial scintigraphy, sonographic examinations, and hematologic studies. RESULTS: Injection of P-32 chromic phosphate into refractory tumors resulted in remarkable regression. The median survival of all patients was 13 months (range, 8-25 months). The response rate was 71% (12 patients). A complete remission was seen in 7 patients (41%), and the rate of partial remissions was 29% (5 patients). However, 5 patients (30%) did not respond to the treatment. In one patient thrombocytopenia was observed, but no other side effects were apparent. Important pathologic and anatomic changes within the tumor tissue were demonstrated in solitary liver metastases of gastrointestinal malignancies excised in second-look operations. In all cases examined, formation of a cyst within the area of central activity, surrounded by a centrifugal necrotic ring and a marginal fibrotic structure, was found. CONCLUSIONS: Lack of persistent systemic or local side effects, as well as noteworthy efficacy, are properties of this optimal regional treatment modality with P-32 chromic phosphate. This modality deserves consideration for further clinical trials.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1986

Update of a mortality study of workers in petroleum refineries.

A large cohort of petroleum refinery workers with long duration of employment, long latency, and relatively young age at hire had its vital status updated through Dec. 31, 1980. The standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for all causes was 78. Each nonneoplastic cause had an SMR below 100, including SMRs of 63 for emphysema and for all diseases of the genitourinary system and of 73 for chronic nephritis. The SMR for all cancers was 87. SMRs for specific neoplasms included digestive system, 90; lung, 85; kidney, 68; brain, 89; leukemia, 101; multiple myeloma, 123; unspecified lymphoma, 112; polycythemia vera (four deaths), 455; myelofibrosis (three deaths), 201; and benign and unspecified brain neoplasms, 108. There were nine deaths from mesothelioma; all nine employees had more than 20 years of employment, with an SMR of 241.

Humans↗
PubMed1988

Malnutrition and the role of nutritional support for radiation therapy patients.

The nutritional status of a tumor patient can be negatively influenced by the local and systemic effects of the malignant tumor (tumor cachexia, anorexia, difficult oral food intake), by the effects of the various antitumoral therapy modalities (surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy), and by the complications associated with such modalities (anorexia, nausea, vomiting, mucositis, xerostomia, alterations of the smell and taste sensations, odynophagia, dysphagia, maldigestion, malabsorption, diarrhea, steatorrhea, conditioned aversions, radiogenic late effects), as well as by the psychological reactions of the patient to the real or feared existence of his tumor. The radiation-induced nutritional disorders depend on the tumor localization, the region irradiated, the dose and length of radiotherapy, the fractionation, the volume irradiated, and the combination with other therapeutic modalities ("combined modality therapy"). The acute radiation-induced reactions are usually of limited duration and for this reason tend to interfere with the nutritional status to a lesser extent than the permanent chronic consequences of irradiation. Weight loss and malnutrition tend to develop particularly in patients in whom segments of the gastrointestinal tract are subjected to irradiation. The incidence and severity of deficient nutrition depend not only on the region irradiated (head-neck region, thorax, abdomen, pelvis) but also, and most particularly, on the volume of the digestive tract irradiated. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy combined act very strongly on rapidly proliferating cell populations (skin, mucosa, epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract). In this context, actinomycin D and adriamycin act like real sensitizers, whereas the majority of the other drugs are likely to produce only an additive effect. The first named cytostatics give rise to the so-called recall phenomenon, i.e., the reactivation of latent radiation effects in response to the subsequent administration of the drug. Malnutrition impairs organ function and ultimately results in increased morbidity and mortality. For this reason it has proven mandatory and reasonable that the organism of all tumor patients suffering from malnutrition is provided with the missing essential nutrients (especially amino acids for protein synthesis). This tends to clearly improve the Karnofsky performance status, with a positive effect on response rates, toxicity, and survival rates in retrospective studies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Abdominal Neoplasms↗