SEARCH · Search PubMed
Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
It is unfortunate that terrorism propelled public and community health to the forefront of the delivery system. While the focus is on institutions and biochemical terrorism--a critical piece of the action--home health agencies and community-based organizations are vital in the planning, developing, and implementing emergency preparedness plans.
The relatively recent study of adolescent transitions into adulthood has compiled little consensus on exemplary practices or theoretical models. Despite this, transition planning teams are mandated to develop plans that result in successful achievement of adult roles. This task is predicated upon choosing appropriate assessments, and assembling them into a comprehensive and cohesive transition profile through collaboration among transition team members. States have provided broad guidelines or frameworks but few offer detailed listings of domains to address in the planning process. This article addresses some of the major issues team members face and identifies strategies for their successful resolution.
A successful competitive approach to health care reform based on the development of prepaid health care plans could affect hospital management. From hospital management's point of view, affiliations with health care plans have advantages and disadvantages. Since hospitals cannot remain unaffected by health care plan development in their market areas, they must choose their affiliations to be consistent with their own institutional objectives.
This Order sets forth the organization and functions of the Consultative Commission on Family and Population Affairs. It provides that the Commission is to be consulted on the general orientation of policies relating to the family, family planning, and population; the objectives set by development plans in these fields, and the resources necessary to attain these objectives; and all other matters submitted to it by its Chairman.
"This article provides some empirical information pertaining to the benefits and costs of foreign labor to Singapore and subjects to critical analysis some of Pang and Lim's hypotheses concerning the costs of labor importation presented in a previous article.... The article concludes with a discussion of the real cost to Malaysia of Singapore's labor importation policies and its potential for disruption of Malaysia's development plans."
Urban planning, also called city and regional planning, is a multidisciplinary field in which professionals work to improve the welfare of persons and communities by creating more convenient, equitable, healthful, efficient, and attractive places now and for the future. The centerpiece of urban planning activities is a "master plan," which can take many forms, including comprehensive plans, neighborhood plans, community action plans, regulatory and incentive strategies, economic development plans, and disaster preparedness plans. Traditionally, these plans include assessing and planning for community needs in some or all of the following areas: transportation, housing, commercial/office buildings, natural resource utilization, environmental protection, and health-care infrastructure. Urban planning and public health share common missions and perspectives. Both aim to improve human well-being, emphasize needs assessment and service delivery, manage complex social systems, focus at the population level, and rely on community-based participatory methods. Both fields focus on the needs of vulnerable populations. Throughout their development, both fields have broadened their perspectives. Initially, public health most often used a biomedical model (examining normal/abnormal functioning of the human organism), and urban planning often relied on a geographic model (analysis of human needs or interactions in a spatial context). However, both fields have expanded their tools and perspectives, in part because of the influence of the other. Urban planning and public health have been intertwined for most of their histories. In 1854, British physician John Snow used geographic mapping of an outbreak of cholera in London to identify a public water pump as the outbreak's source. Geographic analysis is a key planning tool shared by urban planning and public health. In the mid-1800s, planners such as Frederick Law Olmsted bridged the gap between the fields by advancing the concept that community design contributes to physical and mental health; serving as President Lincoln's U.S. Sanitary Commission Secretary; and designing hundreds of places, including New York's Central Park. By 1872, the disciplines were so aligned that two of the seven founders of the American Public Health Association were urban designers (an architect and a housing specialist). In 1926, the U.S. Supreme Court, in validating zoning and land-use law as a legal government authority in Village of Euclid v. Ambler Realty, cited the protection of public health as part of its justification. Other connections have included 1) pioneering urbanist Jane Jacobs, who during the 1960s, called for community design that offered safe and convenient options for walking, biking, and impromptu social interaction; and 2) the Healthy Cities movement, which began in Europe and the United States during the 1980s and now includes projects in approximately 1,000 cities that in various ways highlight the role of health as much more than the presence of medical care.
The hospital librarians in Rochester, New York and a research team developed and administered a questionnaire to measure the impact of information provided by the librarian on physicians' clinical decision making. While the research was underway, the librarians also developed a publicity plan. The goal of the plan was to create awareness of the study results in the local client population, as well as in the health care community at large. The plan served to describe and put in priority order the types of media that the librarians would use to publicize the study to target groups. This article includes examples of a nationwide and an institution-specific publicity plan. those developing publicity plans for future library research may want to allocate adequate funds to hire a media consultant to increase their prospects for national exposure.
The accuracy of population projections is discussed, with specific reference to population forecasts for development planning purposes. The author notes that errors in making population forecasts depend on the parameter values used in the calculations, and that such errors can be avoided if the demographic models used are seen not as stochastic but as models with random parameters. "For such models the present article derives estimations of the covariance matrices of forecasts of the social and age composition of the population."
"Post-revolution Iran adopted a development strategy centering around the three main tactics of controlling the expansion of Tehran, redistributing various functions to major regional cities, and promoting the growth of smaller cities in rural areas. The present paper will take up the problems pertaining to the urbanization ingredient of the new development plan by investigating if smaller regional cities have in fact during the post-revolutionary period been absorbing population surpluses created in Tehran; and if so, to what scale such population absorption is functioning."
Successful implementation of a clinical pathway program is a complex, multifaceted task. Medical and hospital staff education is often overlooked or minimized during the implementation process. Even with a clinically sound pathway and a state-of-the-art variance-tracking system, implementation can fail miserably if the medical and hospital staff do not completely understand and support the pathway initiative. A well-developed plan for education provides staff members with the foundation they need to be successful within the pathway program.
The tragic loss of lives on September 11 followed by the Anthrax contaminations reinforced the need for work already underway through the Metropolitan Medical Response System (MMRS). Through leadership from the Medical Director for the Medical Control Board and EMSA, Oklahoma City and Tulsa have been the beneficiaries of nearly $1.5 million dollars in funding to prepare for nuclear, chemical or bioterrorism. The two Oklahoma cities were among the second wave of cities invited in 1999 to participate in the federally funded program for Metropolitan Medical Response. Many of the requirements of the contract have already been met under the capable guidance of Michael Murphy, a 23 year paramedic with 12 years of management experience with EMSA. Among the plans completed or underway are a Development Plan, MMRS System Plan, Forward Movement of Patients Plan, Pre-hospital Response Plan, a Biological Incident Plan, a Hospital Response Plan, a Training Plan and an Equipment and Pharmaceutical Plan. Coordinated planning between the two cities bring the added benefit of seamless sharing of personnel between both ends of the turnpike should a disaster impact one rather than both communities.
Discharge planning is a patient right and is mandated by legislation, institutions that provide credentials, and professional organizations. This study was conducted to assess nurses' knowledge and perceptions of the roles and responsibilities in the discharge planning process. Findings of this study indicated a difference in knowledge of discharge planning between nurses who have earned an associate degree and nurses who have earned a bachelor's degree. Staff development educators may use this information to justify and develop educational programs concerning discharge planning.
With the understanding that parents are the vital link to the child, nurses can develop plans of care based on research. Family functioning must be assessed as families attempt to deal with the stress involved in the hospitalization of a child with sepsis. Instruments and surveys may be helpful in developing a plan of care. These plans of care can have a major impact on the successful coping of parents. The stress of hospitalization may have long-term effects on children and families. Future research is needed to develop additional interventions that can be applied while the child is hospitalized and after discharge to aid the family in coping with stress.
Section 1122 of the Social Security Act, "Limitation on Federal Participation for Capital Expenditures," establishes under which the Secretary may deny Federal reimbursement under titles XVIII and XIX of the Act for expenses related to capital expenditures by or on behalf of health care facilities (1) which the health planning agency designated for a State has found to be inconsistent with standards, criteria, or plans developed under the Public Health Service Act, or (2) for which the designated planning agency was not provided notification as required. These proposed regulations include changes in the regulations now codified at 42 CFR Part 100 based on (1) the proposed amendments to the regulations published in the Federal Register on March 19, 1976, and comments submitted in response to that Notice, (2) the amendments to Title XV of the Public Health Service Act enacted by the Health Planning and Resources Development Amendments of 1979 (Pub. L. 96-79), the Health Programs Extension Act of 1980 (Pub. L. 96-538), and the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1981 (Pub. L. 97-35), and (3) the amendments to section 1122 enacted by the Health Maintenance Organization Amendments of 1978 (Pub. L. 95-559), the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1981 (Pub. L. 97-35), and the Social Security Amendments of 1983 (Pub. L. 98-21). Interested persons are invited to submit written comments and suggestions concerning this Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM).
The Genetic Services Branch, Maternal and Child Health Bureau of the Health Services and Resources Administration has provided funding to state health departments to integrate their newborn dried blood-spot screening programs with other early child health information systems since 1999. In 2001, All Kids Count conducted site visits to these grantees to identify and describe best practices in planning, developing, and implementing their integration projects. The site visits were organized around 9 key elements considered critical to the success of an information systems integration project: leadership, project governance, project management, stakeholder involvement, organizational and technical strategy, technical support and coordination, financial support and management, policy support and evaluation. Best practices for each of the key elements and 5 lessons learned were documented in Integration of Newborn Screening and Genetic Service Systems with Other Maternal & Child Health Systems: A Sourcebook for Planning and Development. The lessons learned are overarching conclusions that agencies should consider when planning and implementing integrated information systems. This article briefly describes the key elements, their best practices as implemented by states, and the lessons learned.
There is growing use of management assessment centres within parts of New South Wales Health. The present study examined outcome benefits from managers who participated in the Australasian Management Competencies Assessment Centre, some 123 staff from one rural and one metropolitan area health service. Results confirmed greater use of personal development plans and increased attendance at continuing professional development among participants compared with like managers who had not participated. The paper argues strongly in favour of widespread use of management competencies assessment centres as a way to implement planned cultural change.
"This study has attempted to focus on dimensions and impacts of displacement by river bank erosion in the lower Brahmaputra (Jamuna) floodplain of Bangladesh. Based on a survey of 547 randomly selected households, it was observed that about two thirds of the floodplain inhabitants were displaced at least once in their life time." The socioeconomic consequences are discussed, and implications for development planning are considered.
OBJECTIVE: To examine health plan strategies, planning, development, and implementation of pay-for-performance programs (financial incentives for hospitals and physicians tied to quality and efficiency) at the community level, focusing on differences across markets. STUDY DESIGN: A fifth round of site visits to 12 nationally representative metropolitan areas between January 2005 and June 2005, based on more than 1000 protocol-driven interviews with representatives from health plans, provider organizations, employers, and policy makers. METHODS: In each of 12 communities, we interviewed several executives from 35 health plans, including chief executive officers, marketing executives, and network contracting directors. Additional perspectives were obtained from representatives of employers, large medical groups, and hospital systems. RESULTS: Growing numbers of health plans are developing and implementing pay-for-performance programs for physicians and hospitals. Although in their early stages, plans' customized programs show substantial design variation within and across markets. This design variation reflects local conditions that include information technology capabilities, data availability, relative leverage of health plans and providers, willingness of providers to participate, and employer influence. The concerns of providers include the administrative burden of health plans' customized programs and the potential for conflicting financial incentives. CONCLUSIONS: Most health plans are committed to pay-for-performance programs. Although providers would prefer health plans in their communities to use a single standardized set of measures and methods, this is unlikely given local market environments. A national effort directed at standardization might significantly reduce the extent of customization but also may limit the opportunities for local collaboration with providers.