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PubMedDate not supplied

A unified description of NMR imaging, data-collection strategies, and reconstruction.

In nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging by the zeugmatographic methods, there is a common and unified theoretical description. All forms of two-dimensional and three-dimensional imaging involve NMR data which trace various geometric representations, in reciprocal transform space, of the subject's spatially blurred "effective" spin density. The effective density is proportional to the physical density modulated spatially by the several factors of receiver coil (B/I) ratio, rf pulse excitation terms, T1-relaxation terms, and T2-relaxation terms. These factors depend upon the rf pulse sequence and field-gradient modulation sequence,and they may be calculated according to some model or directly measured. From this viewpoint, all different imaging modes appear as variations in data-collection and image-reconstruction strategies. The results are used here to describe slice-oriented polar and Cartesian strategies, three-dimensional Cartesian and two forms of spherical strategies, and multiecho strategies of the "planar-echo" type.

Image Enhancement↗
PubMed1992

How accurate is a computerized surgical audit when resident medical staff collect the data?

Since July 1988 all eight general surgeons at Fremantle Hospital have used a computer-based surgical audit and discharge system. At the time of writing (September 1991) 10,919 computer-generated discharge letters have been produced by the system. This paper describes the system and reports a series of quality control assessments carried out between 1 July 1988 and 30 June 1990 during which 30 pre-registration surgical residents completed 5,716 data collection forms. It was found that: (1) data collection for 23 of 24 monthly surgical audits was at least 95% complete; (2) outstanding surgical discharge summaries were reduced by 89%; (3) the residents recorded 17/19 wound infections and identified 15 (79%) of these as a surgical complication; and (4) the residents tended to under-record complications in patients who had more than one complication during their hospital stay. It was concluded that the system was robust, and that resident staff collected data in such a way that good quality computer-generated discharge letters were produced in a timely manner. Closer attention to aspects of data collection will be required before the optimum surgical audits of the QX system can be generated.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed2006

Validation of feed and manure data collected on Wisconsin dairy farms.

An on-farm study of 54 representative Wisconsin dairy farms was conducted to evaluate the influence of biophysical and socioeconomic factors on overall feed, fertilizer, and manure nutrient use. This report validates 1) how well data on cow diets, feed analyses, and milk production reflected established feed-milk-manure relationships; and 2) how well farmer-recorded data on manure land application reflected literature values of manure N and P excretion, collection, and loss. Calculated feed N and P use efficiencies (18 to 33% and 18 to 35%, respectively) fell within ranges expected for dairy farms. This suggested that our on-farm methods of data collection provided reliable information on relationships among feed N and P intake, secretions in milk, and excretion in manure. On stanchion farms, there were no differences between farmer estimates (kg/farm) of manure P collected (1,140) and land-applied (1,210) and what would be calculated from the literature (1,340). On freestall farms, there were no differences in amounts (kg/farm) of manure P collected (2,889), land-applied (2,350), or literature estimates (2,675). Manure P applications (kg/ha) to tilled cropland would be similar using either farmer estimates of manure collected and land-applied, or literature estimates. The data provided a snapshot of Wisconsin industry practices, as well as information on the range of feed and manure management practices on individual dairy farms. Improvements to data collection methods would require increased skill and training of both farmers and those responsible for assisting farmers in on-farm data collection and analyses.

Agriculture↗
PubMed1979

[A self-administered questionnaire applied to 30,000 teen-agers. Assessment of this method of data collection (author's transl)].

In the French "département" of "Bas-Rhin", about 30,000 teen-agers filled in a self-administered questionnaire about respiratory symptoms, in spring 1976. The assessment of this method of data collection shows a very high response rate (99,7 p. cent). If we consider as incomplete all the questionnaires having at least one unanswered question concerning respiratory symptoms or smoking, 55,8 p. cent of them were incomplete, but for most questions non-response rate was lower than 4 p. cent. The consistency of answers was very satisfactory (mean inconsistency rate: 0,39 p. cent) and the likelihood of answers was proved.

Adolescent↗