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At least 649 records · Page 36Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Successful treatment of HIV-associated pneumocystis carinii pneumonia with dapsone plus trimethoprim].

Standard treatments of HIV-associated Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) consist of high dose intravenous or oral cotrimoxazole or intravenous pentamidine. Both treatment modalities are associated with a high incidence of side effects which strengthen the need for alternative therapies. Since April 1987 we have used the combination of dapsone plus trimethoprim (DP+TMP) as primary treatment for PCP in patients who could be managed on an outpatient basis. We report the results of an analysis of the efficacy and toxicity of this treatment in 20 episodes of PCP in 18 patients. PCP was diagnosed by identification of the pathogens in bronchoalveolar lavage specimens. Chest X-ray revealed bilateral involvement in 11 and unilateral in 7 cases and no infiltration in one patient. Treatment over three to four weeks was successful in 14 of 20 PCPs (70%). In six cases (30%) treatment was changed to another regimen after a mean of seven days due to a maculopapular rash (n = 2), haematotoxic side effects (n = 2), persistent fever (n = 1) and for unexplained reasons (n = 1). Less severe side effects not causing a change in treatment were a slight to moderate neutropenia (n = 10), a moderate elevation of liver enzymes (n = 2) and a well tolerated rash (n = 2). The success rate of DP+TMP was in the same range as it is known for the standard regimens, whereas the rate of severe side effects appears to be lower. The results suggest that in AIDS patients DP+TMP may be used as first line treatment of PCP which is not severe enough for hospitalisation.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Treatment of paucibacillary leprosy with a regimen containing rifampicin, dapsone and prothionamide.

Ninety paucibacillary leprosy patients having indeterminate (I), tuberculoid (TT) and borderline tuberculoid (BT) type of leprosy with bacterial index (BI) of less than two on the Ridley scale were treated with rifampicin (RFM) 600 mg once a month, dapsone (DDS) 100 mg daily and prothionamide (PTH) 250 mg daily. Treatment was stopped at the end of six months. The patients tolerated the drugs fairly well and in only two patients the drugs had to be stopped (in one due to jaundice and in the other due to gastric intolerance). About 6% of patients had early reactions which subsided with additional steroid therapy. The inactivity rate was 60% at six months and this improved to 96% at 12 months. No cases of late reactions and relapses were encountered in the limited follow-up period of six months; and a longer follow-up is necessary for ascertaining the relapse rates. The preliminary results however suggest that the addition of prothionamide to the standard WHO paucibacillary regimen is well-tolerated with increased inactivity rate and fewer instances of late reactions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome masquerading as a viral exanthem: three cases and a mini-review.

INTRODUCTION: We report 3 cases of dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome due to anti-malarial chemoprophylactic treatment with maloprim, in military servicemen, presenting like a viral exanthem. CLINICAL PICTURE: Three male military recruits presented with fever and rash, 6 to 8 weeks after commencing on weekly doses of maloprim. TREATMENT: A course of topical and systemic corticosteroids and oral antihistamines were started. OUTCOME: All cases showed gradual resolution of fever, rash and eventual normalisation of liver function test. CONCLUSION: A high index of suspicion was required before this uncommon syndrome can be recognised. Early institution of corticosteroid therapy and discontinuation of maloprim are the mainstays of treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Raising antibodies in chickens against primaquine, pyrimethamine, dapsone, tetracycline, and doxycycline.

Antibodies against primaquine, pyrimethamine, dapsone, tetracycline, and doxycycline were raised in chickens inoculated with each drug conjugated to a rabbit albumin carrier. Antibody titres against drug and carrier were highest during week 6 postinoculation. Affinity purified anti-primaquine antibodies did not recognise other drugs, but affinity purified anti-doxycycline and anti-tetracycline antibodies recognised both tetracycline and doxycycline in addition to primaquine. Primaquine was detected in urine from 6 to 12 hours after ingestion of therapeutic doses of the drug by anti-primaquine antibodies in a competitive ELISA. Affinity purified anti-primaquine antibodies detected primaquine in the cytoplasm and localised in organelles in monocytes that had been incubated with therapeutic concentrations of the drug.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Reverse micelles of dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline in chloroform and their interactions with dapsone.

1H NMR studies of DiPalmitoyl Phosphatidyl Choline (DPPC) in CDCl3 at various concentrations indicate that DPPC exists as reverse micelles for concentrations beyond 6 mM. The chemical environments of the two acyl chains of DPPC are inequivalent and the inequivalence decreases with increasing DPPC concentration. At low concentrations of DPPC (less than 1.0 mM) intramolecular interactions predominate, whereas at high concentrations, intermolecular interactions predominate. Addition of water to this system, at high concentrations of the phospholipid, reduces the intermolecular interactions. In the presence of the antileprotic drug, Diamino Diphenyl Sulfone (DDS or Dapsone), significant shifts were observed only in the choline resonances of DPPC and the amino resonance of the drug, showing that the amino group of DDS interacts with the head group of DPPC.

1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dapsone-induced eosinophilic pneumonitis in a leprosy patient.

A leprosy patient with no prior history of respiratory complaints, developed symptoms of dry cough, fever and dyspnea after six weeks of therapy. Peripheral eosinophilia and radiological evidence of pulmonary interstitial infiltrates pointed towards the possibility of drug-induced eosinophilic pneumonitis. The results of relevant tests for other possible pathologies were normal. The resolution of symptoms without any intervention other than withdrawal of the drug and subsequent re-challenge proved dapsone to be the cause.

Dapsone↗
PubMed2006

Dapsone in the treatment of persistent erythema multiforme.

Erythema multiforme (EM) is usually an acute and self-limited inflammatory reaction of the skin and mucous membranes. Attacks may be sporadic or recurrent, and generally last for 1 to 3 weeks. Rarely, an episode of EM may fail to abate. This continuous and uninterrupted occurrence of typical and atypical lesions is known as persistent EM. We present a case responsive to dapsone.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal↗
PubMed1991

[Gastrointestinal involvement and the response to dapsone in a case of the urticarial vasculitis syndrome].

A case of urticarial vasculitis syndrome is described in which the gastrointestinal disease was the main clinical manifestation. The gastroduodenal barium meal demonstrated signs compatible with intestinal ischemia which reversed upon medical treatment. The colonoscopy with biopsy showed changes compatible with unspecific colitis. The role of reversible acute vasculitis as a pathogenic factor implicated in the gastrointestinal manifestations in this entity is discussed. Although the response to treatment with corticoids and cochicine was not constant, there was good response to dapsone in successive relapses of the disease. Despite some antibodies becoming positive during the third year of follow up, the patient did not fulfill the clinical criteria for the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Spectrophotometric determination of dapsone by using 9-chloroacridine as a chromogenic reagent.

A spectrophotometric method for the quantitative determination of dapsone (1) has been developed through a condensation reaction of 9-chloroacridine as a chromogen and the amino groups of 1. The reaction variables were investigated and optimized. The resultant colored products is stable and was synthesized. The application of the present method to the determination of 1 in commercial tablets gave satisfactory results and was compared with the official methods. The proposed method ist simple, sensitive, reproducible and accurate.

Acridines↗
PubMed1990

Dapsone is an effective therapy for the skin lesions of subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus and urticarial vasculitis in a patient with C2 deficiency.

The deficiency of second component of complement (C2d) is the most common hereditary complement deficiency. Patients with C2 deficiency are frequently associated with an auto-immune disease process, in particular, systemic lupus erythematosus (LE)-like syndrome and/or vasculitic syndrome or bacterial infections. C2d has been associated with the LE subset of subacute cutaneous LE (SCLE), the presence of anti-Ro (SSA) antibodies, and the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) types A10, B18, DR2. We describe the clinical, serologic and immunogenetic data in a patient with manifestations of Sjögren's syndrome who developed urticarial vasculitis and photosensitive annular SCLE which were effectively treated with oral dapsone. Our case illustrates the dynamic nature of LE.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1986

Treatment of erosive lichen planus with dapsone.

A 74-year-old woman with a chronic, severe, erosive lichen planus on the tongue, buccal mucosa and toes was treated successfully with dapsone. Previous therapy had failed, Partly due to side effects.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Accidental poisoning with dapsone.

A patient was admitted with accidental poisoning, after ingesting dapsone (100 mg) 30 tablets with deep cyanosis and tachycrodia. Treatment with ascorbic acid 500 mg orally every 6 hours lead to the recovery.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Humoral immune responses in dapsone treated M. leprae infected mice.

Humoral responses in M. leprae infected mice were studied through 52 weeks and were found to be directly related to the bacterial load. However, treatment with dapsone (DDS) in the last 12 weeks of infection resulted in an initial enhancement of the humoral responses followed by a gradual decrease, though they were still significantly high at the end of the study.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Dapsone drug compliance study among leprosy patients: a comparison between qualitative and quantitative methods.

The methods currently employed to monitor self-administration of dapsone have been evaluated by comparing the results of the qualitative spot test and quantitative DDS/creatinine ratio test. Random urine samples of 242 leprosy patients, periodically attending the Leprosy Clinic were tested. Although a good correlation between the results of the two tests was evident, the DDS/creatinine ratio technique appeared to be more sensitive than the spot test. The concentration of DDS and its metabolites in urine specimens found to be negative by the spot test, ranged from 3.32-12.37 micrograms of DDS/mg creatinine. The spot test was found to be more specific and stays to be the method of choice, when rapidity and reproducibility are the prime objectives, and sensitivity can be marginally compromised. Acidification of urine prior to the spot test was found to be desirable to rule out false negative and false positive reactions.

Creatinine↗
PubMed1987

Dapsone-induced neuropathy compounds Hansen's disease nerve damage: an electrophysiological study in tuberculoid patients.

In 17 previous cases of dermatological disorders, an axonal motor neuropathy was described as a dapsone (DDS) therapy side effect. In this study, we attempted to assess DDS-induced neuropathy in the ulnar and popliteal nerves of 39 tuberculoid Hansen's disease patients using electrophysiological recordings at the time of DDS withdrawal, owing to dermatological improvement, and 4 months after. Distal motor latencies, conduction velocities at forearm and leg and above the epicondyle and the neck of the fibula were improved at a highly significant level. Twenty-five percent of the patients presented abnormal values (outside of the 95% confidence interval) at the first recording session compared to those at the second session. By contrast, parameters exploring the degree of innervation of distal muscles showed a progressive denervation. These results lead to an impairment of Hansen's disease neuropathy during DDS therapy affecting the motor conduction velocities of one quarter of the patients, and are discussed in terms of physiopathological mechanisms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Cytogenetic effect of dapsone, an antileprotic drug, in the mouse in vivo system.

Potential genotoxicity of dapsone was evaluated in mice following in vivo cytogenetic assays. Adult male mice treated with different doses (20 mg, 40 mg, or 80 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks) and for different periods (40 mg/kg/day for 2, 4, or 8 weeks) provided bone marrow and testes for mitotic and meiotic chromosome analyses, respectively. A dose-response (20 mg, 40 mg, or 80 mg/kg/day for 2 weeks) analysis was done with a separate set of mice using a micronucleus test (MNT). Untreated mice served as controls. Both the metaphase analysis and MNT in bone-marrow cells revealed significantly higher incidences of clastogenicity for all of the dose levels and treatment periods. Chromosome aberrations, with and without gaps, in bone-marrow metaphases showed a positive correlation with the doses, but not with the treatment periods. Correlation was also lacking in the MNT. In the meiotic cells, the incidences of chromosome aberrations increased significantly with the highest dose and with the longest period of treatment.

Animals↗