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At least 649 records · Page 36Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Reposital vasopressin response test in clinically normal dogs undergoing water diuresis: technique and results.

Maximal renal concentrating ability after parenteral administration of repositol antidiuretic hormone was evaluated in 13 clinically normal dogs undergoing water diuresis. Urine specific gravity and osmolarity progressively increased in all dogs and generally attained maximum concentrations after 8 to 12 hours. Urine specific gravity values increased from mean of 1.003 +/- 0.001 mOsm/kg of water to a mean maximal value of 1.042 +/- 0.009 mOsm/kg. Urine osmolarity increased from a mean of 132 mOsm/kg to a mean maximal value of 1,518 +/- 242 mOsm/kg. Water intoxication was observed in all dogs due to continued administration of water after antidiuretic hormone administration.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Influence of triamterene and hydroxytriamterene sulfuric acid ester on diuresis and saluresis in rats after oral and intravenous application.

Previous transport measurements on the submaxillary duct of the rat, the model epithelium for the distal nephron, showed that even the phase-II metabolite of triamterene (TA), hydroxytriamterene sulfuric acid ester (OH-TA-ester), has a diuretic effect. The present studies were aimed at answering the question whether or not this finding was also valid in vivo. Clearance measurements in the rat after i.v. injection of OH-TA-ester did result in an increased diuresis and natriuresis. In comparison with the native triamterene the phase -II metabolite caused only a relative potassium retention. The ester was inactive when administered orally. The potassium loss after administration of furosemide could be prevented by simultaneous i.v. administration of the OH-TA-ester.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glutathione reductase, succinate dehydrogenase activities and content of sodium and potassium in kidneys of epiphysisectomized rats under spontaneous diuresis and water load].

The paper is concerned with the effect of epiphysisectomy on the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glutathion reductase, succinate dehydrogenase activities and the content of sodium and potassium in the cortex and medullary layers of the kidneys under spontaneous diuresis and water load. It is shown that in rats without epiphysis the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase is lowered both in the cortex and medullary layers of the kidneys. The activity of glutathion reductase rises in the cortex layer of the kidneys only under water load. A disturbance is found in the sodium and potassium distribution between the cortex and medullary layers of the kidneys. An assumption is advanced on a possible role of epiphysis in regulating the kidney functions.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Forced diuresis in the treatment of acute suppurative diseases].

On the basis of clinical, laboratory biochemical and immunological investigations the author believes that use of forced diuresis in patients with acute purulent diseases and postoperative complications (70 patients) gives a positive medical effect.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1978

Mechanism of carotid-occlusion diuresis.

In anaesthesized dogs given large doses of ADH and DOC and subjected to acute left renal denervation, urine flow (V) and sodium excretion (UNaV) rose significantly in response to bilateral carotid artery clamping in both the intact (p less than 0.05) and the denervated kidney (p less than 0.001). This was associated with significant (p less than 0.05) increases of the tubular rejection fraction of sodium (TRFNa) while creatinine clearance (Ccr) remained unchanged. Following a second control period, carotid occlusion was repeated, while perfusion pressure in the left kidney was kept constant by aortic constriction. In this case the diuretic and natriuretic response in the right kidney occurred in the same fashion as previously, and no significant change in V, UNaV, or TRFNa was observed in the left kidney. The amount of free water reabsorbed in the collecting duct (TcH2O) was not consistently altered by carotid occlusion. It is concluded that acute renal denervation augments the pressure diuresis that follows carotid occlusion. The failure of carotid polyuria to occur when renal perfusion pressure is kept constant points to the importance of mechanical factors. Still, a wash-out of the medullary osmotic gradient seems to be an unlikely mechanism.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Systemic hypotension and diuresis by L-arginine in cirrhotic patients with ascites: role of nitric oxide.

To investigate the role of nitric oxide in renal function and hemodynamics in cirrhotic patients with ascites, L-arginine (30 g in 300 mL of distilled water), a substrate for nitric oxide synthase, was infused into six cirrhotic patients with ascites, and the effects were compared with those of saline infusion. Healthy controls (n = 5) were also studied under the same conditions. In the patients, L-arginine infusion significantly decreased systolic and diastolic blood pressures while markedly increasing urinary flow and urinary sodium excretion; no significant changes were seen with saline infusion. In controls, only diastolic blood pressure was decreased by L-arginine infusion, whereas urinary flow and urinary sodium excretion were increased by both L-arginine and saline infusion. In both groups, a similar increase of plasma atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) was seen with L-arginine and saline infusions; endothelin and catecholamines were not affected by either infusion. In both groups, plasma levels of vasopressin were increased by L-arginine infusion. In the cirrhotic patients, urinary excretions of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and nitrates/nitrites (NOx) were significantly increased by L-arginine infusion, whereas no significant changes were seen with saline infusion. In controls, only the excretion of cGMP was increased by L-arginine infusion. In summary, L-arginine infusion induces diuresis and natriuresis accompanied by increased excretions of cGMP and NOx in cirrhotic patients with ascites. This differs from the response in controls, where the increase in urinary sodium excretion is not accompanied by an increase in markers of increased nitric oxide synthesis.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Temporal changes in micturition and bladder contractility after sucrose diuresis and streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus in rats.

Studies were done to compare the acute effects of streptozotocin-induced diabetes and sucrose consumption on micturition, bladder mass and contractile responses of bladder strips to field stimulation and contractile agonists. Micturition changes occurred gradually in diabetic rats, reached maximal values within 7 to 14 days, and were accompanied by significant increases in bladder mass after 7 days. Bladder strips from diabetics responded to field stimulation, carbachol and KCl with significantly greater contractions than did those from controls within 7 days. Sucrose-drinking rats had maximal increases in fluid consumption and micturition frequency on the first night after starting treatment. Increases in micturition volumes were slower to develop than in diabetics. Bladder mass was significantly increased 30 and 60 days after starting sucrose treatment. Bladder strips from sucrose-drinking rats responded to field stimulation and carbachol with significantly greater contractions than did those from controls only after 60 days. Monitoring of drinking and micturition patterns established that diabetic rats drink and urinate during both the dark and light cycles. In contrast, control and sucrose-drinking rats drink and urinate principally at night. The results demonstrate that differences in bladder function between diabetic and sucrose drinking rats are apparent during the first month after treatment begins. The data suggest that the effects of diabetes and sucrose consumption on contractile bladder function are related to the diuresis-induced increases in bladder mass.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Importance of residual diuresis in patients with chronic pyelonephritis under constant dialysis treatment].

In 55% of 100 patients (54 with glomerulonephritis and 46 with pyelonephritis) who had been dialysed in the permanent dialysis treatment for more than one year the tactics of a dialysis per week was estabished at the beginining of the permanent dialysis treatment: in the diuresis of more than 1 litre a day with the residual glomerular filtration about 5 ml/min, in stabilised body-weight, in controllable hypertension and in the compensated clinical picture of renal insufficiency. The residual glomerular filtration can be presumed only in the optimally hydrated patients. The canulation of the subclavian vein has proved significant for the evaluation of optimum hydration.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1977

The consequences of osmotic diuresis in residual nephrons for urinary drug excretion.

The renal clearance of chloramphenicol (calculated per 100 ml of inulin clearance) increased in linear relation to fractional sodium and water excretion. The renal excretion of chloramphenicol may be influenced by changes in fractional water excretion without changes in fractional sodium excretion. The low sodium diet did not significantly change chloramphenicol urinary excretion in patients with chronic renal insufficiency. The results obtained are compatible with the view that osmotic diuresis in residual nephrons, the development of which is in part accounted for by an adaptive decrease in tubular sodium reabsorption, affects urinary excretion of drugs, the tubular transport of which depends on fractional water reabsorption.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Effect of furosemide oral solution versus furosemide tablets on diuresis and electrolytes in patients with moderate congestive heart failure.

Oral furosemide solution was claimed to produce a greater diuretic response than furosemide tablets in patients with congestive heart failure. The aim of this study was to assess this observation and to further investigate the effects on the electrolyte balance. We compared the effects of oral furosemide in tablets versus oral furosemide solution on serum levels as well as on 4- and cumulative 24-hour urinary volume and sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium and zinc excretions in 10 patients with moderate congestive heart failure due to ischemic heart disease. Oral furosemide (40-80 mg) was given at the usual once-daily dosage. No change in serum electrolyte levels has been found. All urinary parameters, except zinc, were significantly greater during the first 4 h following oral solution as compared with tablets (volume p < 0.001, sodium p < 0.001, potassium p < 0.05, calcium p < 0.003, magnesium p < 0.05). However, after 24 h, significant differences were found in urinary volume (p < 0.03) and sodium excretion (p < 0.004) only. We conclude that: (1) oral furosemide solution provides a more potent 24-hour diuretic and natriuretic effect than an identical dosage in tablet form, without entailing greater cumulative urinary losses of potassium, calcium, magnesium, and zinc; (2) following the first 4 h of furosemide solution, brisk diuresis, kaliuresis, and magnesiuria are produced, and (3) despite the urinary losses, serum electrolytes remained within normal limits at 4 and 24 h.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Control of ascites absorption in anesthetized cats: effects of intraperitoneal pressure, protein, and furosemide diuresis.

There is considerable evidence that fluids are removed from the peritoneal cavity by drainage into lymphatics lining the surface of the diaphragm, but there is little quantitative information on the rate of reabsorption as affected by conditions which exist in cirrhotic ascites. In the present study a plethysmographic technique was utilized to record the rate of absorption of fluid from the peritoneal cavity of anesthetized cats. The results of studies in 33 cats showed that the rate of fluid absorption from the peritoneal cavity was directly proportional to the intraperitoneal pressure regardless of whether the intraperitoneal fluid was free from protein or contained a protein concentration equivalent to that of plasma. Fluid was absorbed with a protein concentration equivalent to that present in the peritoneal cavity. Thus it is apparent that the intraperitoneal pressure is an important factor controlling the accumulation of ascitic fluid but the protein concentration of the intraperitoneal fluid does not affect the rate of reabsorption. In addition, marked diuresis induced by intravenous furosemide does not appear to mobilize ascites by an effect on the reabsorption process.

Absorption↗
PubMed1997

Simultaneous diuresis cysto-urethrometry and multi-channel urethral pressure profilometry in female dogs with refractory urinary incontinence.

OBJECTIVE: To assess urethral closure and bladder storage function in female dogs with refractory urinary incontinence by use of simultaneous diuresis cysto-urethrometry (UCM) and multi-channel urethral pressure profilometry (UPP). ANIMALS: 53 female dogs of various breeds with a history of 'non-neurogenic,' acquired urinary incontinence unresponsive to standard conservative treatment. PROCEDURE: UPP and UCM were performed on dogs sedated with xylazine, using a flexible polyvinylchloride multi-channel catheter connected to a perfusion system. Urine production was determined by use of radionucleotide dilution analysis. Values of reproducible urodynamic variables obtained previously in clinically normal dogs were compared with findings in the incontinent dogs. Cutoff values with the highest predictive values of urodynamic variables were determined and selected for functional classification. RESULTS: Except for threshold volume, median values of all urodynamic variables were significantly different between continent and incontinent dogs. Urethral pressure values, their relative variation, bladder threshold pressure, and prevalence of detrusor contractions were significantly lower than values in normal dogs, but compliance was higher. Forty-one dogs had urodynamic findings suggestive of poor urethral closure function assessed by UCM, but 10 of these had normal closure pressure values during UPP. Abnormal bladder storage function was interpreted from the findings of 19 dogs. Low capacity was found in 3, low threshold pressure in 15, and high compliance in 9 dogs. Seven of the dogs with abnormal bladder storage function had normal urethral closure function assessed by UPP and UCM. Five dogs had no abnormal findings, and 1 continent dog was abnormal by our classification. CONCLUSIONS: Abnormal bladder storage function was suggested in a considerable number of dogs with refractory urinary incontinence.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

[Glucose in conjunction with peptides derived from kininogens might act from digestive tract as blockers of atrial natriuretic peptide mediated diuresis-natriuresis].

This paper describes long term research efforts which have lead: 1) to the identification of peptides present in pepsanurin, a peptidic fraction obtained by pepsin hydrolysis of plasma globulins that inhibits the renal excretory action of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and 2) to the discovery of an unexpected role of glucose, as a requisite for these inhibitory effects. The active peptides identified in pepsanurin are derived from plasma kininogens, substrates of the kallikrein-kinin system. Pro-kinins of 15, 16 and 18 amino acids, and bradykinin itself, block ANP-induced diuresis and natriuresis when injected i.v., i.p. or into the duodenal lumen of anesthetized rats in picomol doses. Furthermore, a novel 20 amino acids fragment derived from kininogen dominium-1, named PU-D1, is the most potent and longer lasting blocker of ANP renal effects. The anti-ANP effects of those peptides are prevented by B2-kinin receptor antagonists. The inhibition of ANP by kinins and PU-D1 was evident only in rats infused with isotonic glucose; whereas the excretory effect of ANP was not affected in fasted rats not infused, or infused with saline. These findings provide evidence that glucose facilitates liquid retention through a kinin-mediated inhibition of ANP excretory action that may be related to the prandial cycle.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Effect of diuresis on the results of quantitative estrogen- and HCG determinations].

Investigations on the influence of the diuresis effect upon the results of quantitative oestrogen and HCG determinations revealed that the oestrogen values increase with the 24-hour amount of urine. Oliguria and polyuria affect oestrogen excretion to a considerable extent; they have to be taken into account in prenatal diagnosis of pregnancy. Comparative HCG checks show that HCG concentration also varies considerable depending on fluid excretion. Diagnostic errors can be diminished or avoided when the quantitative HCG assessment is made on the 24-hour urine and then referred to the whole amount of urine.

Chorionic Gonadotropin↗
PubMed1993

Respiratory status and diuresis following treatment with dexamethasone.

The effect of dexamethasone therapy on fluid balance, lung function and requirement for respiratory support has been assessed. Ten premature infants were studied, they had a median gestational age of 28 weeks. None of the infants had any improvement in the respiratory status for 48 h prior to commencing dexamethasone. Fluid balance, pulmonary function and requirement for respiratory support were measured 12 h prior to and for 36 h after receiving dexamethasone. There were no significant changes in fluid input over the study period, but urine output increased significantly after 12 h of dexamethasone therapy (P < 0.02). Compliance of the respiratory system only significantly improved after 36 h of dexamethasone therapy (P < 0.03), this was associated with a significant change in the inspired oxygen concentration (P < 0.05). We conclude that the improvement in respiratory status resulting from dexamethasone therapy is preceded by a diuresis.

Dexamethasone↗
PubMed1996

The renal clearance of unchanged cisplatin during furosemide and mannitol diuresis is dependent on glomerular filtration rate in rats.

The disposition of unchanged cisplatin (CDDP) in plasma and urine after bolus injection of CDDP (5 mg/kg) was compared in rats treated with furosemide (25 mg/kg as a 40-min iv infusion) and mannitol (2 g/kg as a 40-min iv infusion). Forced diuresis significantly increased renal clearance (Clr) of unchanged CDDP in the first 10-min period after CDDP administration, compared to that in the rats given CDDP alone. Compared with furosemide, mannitol showed greater modification in Clr of unchanged CDDP in the early phase and more accelerated urinary excretion of unchanged CDDP during the study. Furosemide increased plasma concentration and reduced urinary excretion of unchanged CDDP in the terminal phase. Clr of unchanged CDDP was found to be dependent of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) during diuretic coadministration. Linear relationships among urine flow rate, GFR, and Clr of unchanged CDDP were observed only in diuretic-treated rats. Although the relationships between GFR and Clr were almost identical, there was a difference in the GFR-urine flow rate relationship between furosemide- and mannitol-treated rats. GFR was gradually reduced during diuretic treatment, and furosemide induced greater GFR reduction than mannitol. This resulted in a modification of unchanged CDDP disposition by furosemide in the terminal phase. The present study suggests that careful monitoring and maintaining of GFR during coadministration of diuretic may be useful for predicting the urinary excretion behavior of unchanged CDDP in CDDP chemotherapy.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

The choice of timing for diuresis renography: the F + 0 method.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate a method of diuresis renography where the radiopharmaceutical and frusemide (diuretic) are given simultaneously, in contrast to conventional renography which involves an intravenous injection with frusemide 20 min after administering the radiopharmaceutical (F + 20) or 15 min before (F - 15), with particular interest in the effect of this change on assessing split renal function and interpreting upper tract drainage dynamics. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In a prospective study, 29 patients (18 women and 11 men, mean age 47 years, range 21--86) were assessed. Each patient had two renograms taken over a 48-h period, either by the F + 20 or F - 15, and the F + 0 method: Data for split renal function and drainage curves were obtained in the usual way. Two independent assessments of the drainage curves were obtained and the results compared. RESULTS: The split function assessments were identical (< 5% variation) in all but two patients; 26 of 29 (90%) gave identical conclusions about the drainage curves. The three patients with discrepancies between the studies had either hugely dilated upper tracts or otherwise had multiple complicating factors, e.g. impaired renal function, neuropathic bladder. CONCLUSIONS: F + 0 renography has been used in paediatric urological practice before, but there are no comparative studies and no data on its use in adults. This prospective study confirmed that in investigating dilated upper tracts, the F + 0 technique gives similar results to the conventional techniques. The F + 0 method has the potential to reduce the time required to undertake standard F + 20 renography but it may not be useful in evaluating the grossly dilated upper tract, where the F-15 technique has the best record in terms of reducing equivocal results.

Adult↗