Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Cyclohexanones”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 649 records · Page 36Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

[Biphenyl derivatives as by-products from the synthesis of 4-aryl-4H-pyrans].

The reaction of the 1,5-diketones 1 with acetic anhydride/acetic acid in the presence of zinc chloride yields the 4-aryl-4H-pyrans 2 as main products. The annulated lactone 3 and the cyclohexene derivatives 5 are isolated as by-products. The configuration of the cyclohexanone 4a and the cyclohexenes 5 are deduced from nmr spectroscopic methods. The structure of 5b is confirmed by X-ray crystal analysis.

Biphenyl Compounds↗
PubMed1992

[Psychological evaluation of the effects of chronic occupational exposure of paint shop workers to the mixture of organic solvents].

The aim of the study was to evaluate the psychological effects of chronic occupational exposure to the mixture of organic solvents containing xylene, toluene, n-butanol, butyl acetate, n-butyl acetate, ethyl acetate and cyclohexanone defined by MAC values. Thirty-four paint shop workers and 34 controls, matched according to sex, age, education and the type of work performed, were examined. The Neurobehavioral Core Test Battery (NCTB) was used in the study. In the exposed workers, a longer simple reaction time was observed, as well as reduced manual skills and impaired precision of the hand movements.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Purification and regulatory properties of chicken heart prostaglandin E 9-ketoreductase.

Prostaglandin E 9-ketoreductase was purified from chicken heart by ammonium sulfate fractionation, and DEAE-Sephadex, hydroxylapatite and phosphocellulose chromatography. Two peaks of activity were resolved during the phosphocellulose chromatographic step. Both peaks were stimulated by a substance that was not bound to the phosphocellulose column. This stimulatory substance was destroyed by treatment with phosphodiesterase and 0.1 M NaOH. It was heat-stable (100 degrees, 2 min), nondialyzable, and resistant to treatment with pronase, ribonuclease, and deoxyribonuclease; but it was dialyzable after heating or digestion with pronase. Sodium pyrophosphate also enhanced the activities of the prostaglandin E 9-ketoreductases as did angiotensin I; but not angiotensin II. In the presence of 3':5'-cyclic AMP, AMP, or several other ribonucleotides, the enhancing effects of the natural stimulatory substance, sodium pyrophosphate or angiotensin I were blocked, but these ribonucleotides themselves had little effect on the enzymes activity. The substrate specificities of the two prostaglandin E 9-ketoreductases were also studied. Both the 9-keto group and the 15-keto group of 15-ketoprostaglandin F2 alpha could be converted to the corresponding hydroxyl group; the 15-keto group was reduced faster than the 9-keto group. Prostaglandin D2, a prostaglandin with a 9-hydroxyl and an 11-keto group, could not be converted to prostaglandin F2 alpha nor could cyclohexanone be converted to cyclohexanol by the prostaglandin E 9-ketoreductase.

Alcohol Oxidoreductases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of conditions for reconstitution with cytochrome b5 on the formation of products in cytochrome P-450-catalyzed reactions.

Evidence is presented that the method of reconstitution of the cytochrome P-450-containing liver microsomal enzyme system with cytochrome b5 (b5), including the order of addition of the components, the concentration of the b5, and the length of incubation prior to initiation of the reaction by NADPH, governs the steady state catalytic activity obtained. For example, the addition to cytochrome P-450 isozyme 2, NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase, and phosphatidylcholine of concentrated b5 (0.4 microM) results in extensive inhibition of benzphetamine demethylation and NADPH oxidation, whereas the addition of dilute b5 (0.02 microM) to the other components results in extensive stimulation of the demethylation reaction. The inhibition is partly relieved by prolonged incubation. The effects of pH and buffer concentration were determined, and the optimal molar ratio of b5 to cytochrome P-450 isozyme 2 was shown to be about 2.0 for stimulation of benzphetamine demethylation, dimethylaniline demethylation, and cyclohexanol oxidation to cyclohexanone. Cytochrome P-450 isozyme 4-catalyzed aminopyrine demethylation and aniline p-hydroxylation are not stimulated by b5, as predicted from a model based on stopped flow kinetic measurements [Pompon and Coon: J. Biol. Chem. 259, 15377 (1984)]. End-point stoichiometry measurements were carried out with cytochrome P-450 isozyme 2 in the absence of b5 or in the presence of b5 under optimal conditions. The results indicate that when b5 is reconstituted with the cytochrome P-450 isozyme 2 enzyme system under optimal conditions, substrate monooxygenation is enhanced, NADPH oxidation is unaffected, and hydrogen peroxide formation is decreased.

Aminopyrine↗
PubMed1986

Utilization of the heme moiety of hemoglobin by Schistosoma mansoni schistosomules in vitro.

The hemoglobin in mouse reticulocytes was labeled in vitro with either [3H], [14C] aminolevulinic acid (ALA), or [3H] leucine. Specific labeling of the globin moiety with labeled leucine, and the heme moiety with labeled ALA, was confirmed by carboxymethylcellulose chromatography and cyclohexanone extraction. Most of the leucine label recovered from reticulocytes that were incubated for 4 hr was incorporated in hemoglobin. However, 2 hr incubation of reticulocytes in the presence of labeled ALA followed by 4 hr in cell incubation medium in the absence of ALA was required for sufficient incorporation of the radionuclide into reticulocyte hemoglobin. In all reticulocyte labeling experiments, regardless of the radionuclide used, label was also observed in non-hemoglobin heme-containing molecules. Schistosoma mansoni schistosomules fed reticulocytes in vitro in which the heme moiety of hemoglobin was labeled displayed radioactivity in the protein fraction of the organisms, as determined by TCA precipitation, and in the ethanol-soluble component. In comparison, schistosomules fed reticulocytes containing globin-labeled hemoglobin displayed radioactivity only in the protein component. Pre-incubation of the schistosomules in puromycin prior to exposure to lyophilized, [14C] ALA-labeled hemoglobin partially inhibited incorporation of label. These results suggest that the organism utilizes not only the globin moiety of hemoglobin in its nutritional requirements, but the heme moiety as well.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Pharmacological modulation of activation-secretion of rat serosal mast cells by chymase, an endogenous secretory granule protease.

The action of pharmacologic agents on chymase-induced exocytosis of beta-hexosaminidase and arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism by rat serosal mast cells (RSMC) was determined and compared with their effects on anti-IgE induced activation. Indomethacin (INDO) (less than or equal to 10 microM), a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, did not affect chymase- or anti-IgE-mediated exocytosis, while completely inhibiting prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) release at 1.25 microM. Theophylline (THEO), mepacrine, 3-amino-1-[m-(trifluoromethyl)-phenyl]-2-pyrazoline (BW755C), and diethylcarbamazine (DEC), inhibitors of adenosine binding and phosphodiesterases, phospholipases, AA metabolism, and vesicular transport as well as leukotriene A4 formation, respectively, inhibited exocytosis with ID50 values of 3.4, 0.22, 3.4 and 1.9 mM for chymase and 2.4, 0.17, 2.8 and 5.2 mM for anti-IgE. These agents inhibited net PGD2 release with ID50 values of 2.1, 0.04, less than 0.05, and 1.5 mM for chymase and of 0.5, 0.1, less than 0.05, and 4 mM for anti-IgE. 5,6-Dehydroarachidonic acid (DHA) and arachidonyl hydroxylamine (AH), 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors, did not affect chymase-mediated exocytosis; anti-IgE-mediated exocytosis was not altered by AH but was suppressed by DHA (ID50 = 20 microM). Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), an antioxidant, inhibited chymase-mediated exocytosis dose-dependently (ID50 less than or equal to 13.3 microM) while decreasing anti-IgE-mediated exocytosis by only 30% at 2.5-20 microM; net PGD2 release induced by both stimuli was inhibited dose-dependently. 2',5'-Dideoxyadenosine (DDA) and 1,6-di(0-(carbamoyl)cyclohexanone oxime)hexane (RHC 80267) and inhibitors of adenylate cyclase and of di-triglyceride lipases, respectively, had little effect on exocytosis induced by chymase but inhibited that induced by anti-IgE with ID50 values of 0.4 mM and 37 microM, respectively. With DDA the inhibition of net PGD2 release occurred with anti-IgE but not chymase, whereas RHC 80267 inhibited both chymase and anti-IgE-mediated PGD2 release. Differential inhibition of activation-secretion suggests either that chymase provides a step inhibited in IgE-mediated exocytosis by DDA, RHC 80267 and DHA, or that the activating pathway initiated by chymase is distinct.

4,5-Dihydro-1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-pyraz↗
PubMed1979

Enhancement of erythroid colony growth in culture by hemin.

Hemin was found to enhance the growth of murine erythroid colonies in culture. In the presence of 100 mU/ml erythropoietin (EPO), the addition of hemin (0.05-0.2 mM) resulted in the growth of twice as many colonies as were obtained with EPO alone. Hemin also significantly increased erythroid colony formation in culture in the absence of added EPO. Hemoglobin synthesis as measured by the incorporation of 59Fe into cyclohexanone extractable heme was augmented in culture by hemin. Neither delta-aminolevulinic acid, a hemin precursor, nor FeCl3 increased colony number.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Syntheses designed to produce 8-amino ellipticine. Synthesis and pharmacological properties of 8-nitro ellipticine].

The synthesis of 8-nitro ellipticine starting from 6-nitro indole is reported. It is the first derivative of ellipticine substituted in position 8 obtained by total synthesis. In contrast to 9-nitro ellipticine the 8-nitro derivative could until now not be reduced to 8-amino ellipticine. To obtain the latter it was intended to arylate an enamine of the 2,5,8-trimethyloctahydroisoquinolone-6 by 1-chloro 2,4-dinitrobenzene, followed by a reductive cyclization and N-demethylating aromatization. Since the yield of the arylation step was low, the isoquinolone was replaced by 2,5-dimethyl cyclohexanone and the synthesis would have to be completed by addition of a pyridine ring. In the case the yield of the aromatisation was 37%, but the carbazole derivative resisted all formylation attempts. 8-Nitro ellipticine was investigated for its DNA affinity, its cytotoxic activity on L 1210 tumors cells and its toxicity in the mouse. The results obtained were compared with those for 9-nitro ellipticine and in regard to cytotoxicity, with those for the 8- and 9-hydroxy ellipticines.

Alkaloids↗
PubMed1981

Oxidation of ammonia by Nitrosomonas europaea. Definite 18O-tracer evidence that hydroxylamine formation involves a monooxygenase.

NH2OH, the first intermediate in the oxidation of NH4+ to nitrite by the nitrifying bacterium, Nitrosomonas europaea, was recovered as the oxime of cyclohexanone. 15N, 18O-tracer experiments using highly enriched 15NH4Cl and 18O2 yielded oxime that was correspondingly highly enriched (greater than or equal to 92 atom %) in these isotopes. These results show that the source of NH2OH is largely or entirely NH4+, as opposed to hydrazine, which was added to inhibit the further oxidation of NH2OH to nitrite, and that NH4+ yields NH2OH by way of a monooxygenase reaction involving direct insertion of O from O2. The oxidation of NH4+ and NH2OH must be functionally linked in N. europaea, inasmuch as the reducing equivalents required by the monooxygenase to reduce the second atom of O2 to water can arise only through the concomitant oxidation of NH2OH.

Ammonia↗
PubMed1980

[Preparation of 3,3-disubstituted-3,4-dihydro-1,2,4-benzotriazines].

A compound formerly obtained through the reduction of cyclohexanone o-nitrophenylhydrazone has been defined as cyclohexane-3-spiro-3,4-dihydro-1,2,4-benzotriazine, and its formation has been interpreted via air oxidation of a cyclic form of o-aminophenylhydrazone formed first. The extension of such a reaction to several o-nitrophenylhydrazones of aliphatic, alicyclic and arylaliphatic ketones has been investigated. Formation of 3,4-dihydro-1,2,4-benzotriazines disubstituted in position 3 happens as a general rule; yields are good so long as bulky groups or aromatic nuclei are not close to the hydrazone double bond, hindering the amino group addition either sterically or by charge dispersion. Pharmacological screening has not shown any unusual activity for these new compounds; it is suggested that the formation of dihydrobenzotriazine derivatives be used to latentiate biologically active ketones.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Work conditions and results of the health screening in workers of linoleum producing industry].

Screening in 115 linoleum shop workers exposed to small concentrations (at the level of MAC) of dioctyiphthalate, cyclohexanone, lead, carbon dioxide revealed the complaints of digestive and nervous systems in 84.3% and 60.9% of examines respectively. The special questionnaire and neurologic examination revealed the autonomic nervous system dysfunction in 62.6% of examinees. According to the Kardo index 70.7% had parasympathicotonia, 21.2% of examinees--sympathicotonia and 8.1% had eutonic dysfunction.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Studies on constituents of Ilex chinensis Sims].

Several compounds characterised as protocatechuic acid, caffeic acid, syringin, rotundic acid and pedunculoside were isolated from the leaves of Ilex chinensis, a Chinese crude drug. A novel compound cyclohexanone pedunculosyl-3,23-O-acetal was identified and proposed as a pedunculoside derivative produced in the extracting procedure.

Caffeic Acids↗
PubMed1993

The effect of cigarette smoking on the indexes of immunity and acute phase reaction in subjects with occupational exposure to organic solvents.

The study was carried out in 156 men, including 49 nonsmokers and 47 smokers who had never been exposed to chemicals, 19 nonsmokers exposed to organic solvents, and 41 smokers exposed to organic solvents. The results of toxicological analysis of air in the working place carried out in the range depending on the type of solvents used in the process of lacquering of steel cans and on the data obtained from the producer showed that the solvents contained benzene, toluene, xylene and their derivatives partly hydrogenated, paraffin hydrocarbons, oleins, naphthenes (components of painter's naphtha), monohydric and polyhydric alcohols (butanol, cyclohexanol, butyloglycol), esters (ethylglycol acetate, butyl acetate) and ketones (methyl isobutyl ketone, cyclohexanone). Measured benzene concentrations varied from 0 to 370 mg x m-3 (0 to 116 ppm), with arithmetic mean annual averages of about 100 mg x m-3 (31 ppm) in the late 1960's and less than 50 mg x m-3 (16 ppm) in the 1970's. In the 1980's values for the TWA were 0-38 mg x m-3 (0-12 ppm) with arithmetic mean averages of about 19 mg x m-3 (6 ppm) and for the level of benzene 0-351 mg x m-3 (0-110 ppm), with arithmetic mean annual averages of about 48 mg x m-3 (15 ppm). Phenol concentration in the urine of the workers in groups was 7.9 +/- 3.5; 10.0 +/- 5.8; 16.8 +/- 6.2 and 18.4 +/- 9.7 mg x 1(-1) respectively. Hippuric acid concentration in the urine of the workers in groups was 496 +/- 326, 538 +/- 341, 982 +/- 420 and 1107 +/- 507 mg x 1(-1) respectively. The parameters of immunity and proteins acute phase reaction were determined, measuring the count of T, B, and "non-T, non-B" circulating lymphocytes, the concentration of immunoglobulins, lysozyme, C3c, C4, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, haptoglobulin and ceruloplasmin in serum. The results of the presented study suggest the role of cigarette smoking as a co-factor in the immunological changes brought out by occupational exposure to organic solvents. This phenomenon is reflected in the changes of IgA, IgD, IgG, IgM and lysozyme in the serum, and number of circulating T cells.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Neurobehavioural effects on workers in a video tape manufacturing factory in Singapore.

This study was carried out in a video tape manufacturing factory in Singapore where workers were exposed to mixed solvents consisting of methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), cyclohexanone (CHE), tetrahydrofuran (THF), and toluene (TOL). The objectives were to quantify workers' exposure to the various solvents and to evaluate if there were any neurobehavioural changes among the workers compared to controls. Nineteen exposed workers out of the workforce of forty-five were studied. Twenty-six workers (with no exposure) matched for ethnic group, age, and years of education served as controls. Eight-hour personal environmental samples were analyzed for the 19 workers along with symptom questionnaires, clinical examinations, and neurobehavioural tests including the Santa Ana Dexterity, Finger Tapping, Digit Span, and Visual Reproduction tests. The mean TWA concentrations for MEK, THF, CHE, and TOL were all below the current American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists Threshold Limit Values (TLV). However, the total solvents concentration index exceed unity in one of the work areas. Significant differences were observed for prevalence of headache, and eyes and nose irritation among the exposed workers. There were also significant differences for the Santa Ana test for both-hands, Digit Span test and Visual Reproduction test. However, no dose-effect relation between behavioral scores and airborne solvent exposure was noted. The study suggests that solvent-exposed workers in video tape manufacturing plants may have poorer visual motor control and recent memory impairment (visual and verbal) than unexposed workers. Dermal absorption of solvents may have played a role in these results by increasing workers exposure.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Effect of cigarette smoking on T and NK cell count in blood of persons occupationally exposed to organic solvents].

The studies covered 139 men including two control groups: 40 nonsmokers and 41 smokers occupationally exposed to organic solvents. The results of toxicological analysiss of the air revealed the presence of benzene, toluene, xylene and their hydrogenated derivatives, paraffin hydrocarbons, oleins, naphthenes, alcohols (butanol, cyclohexanol), esters (ethylglycol acetate, butyl acetate) and ketones methyl isobutyl ketone, cyclohexanon). Absolute number of lymphocytes, T lymphocytes (CD 3+), T-helper (CD 4+), T-suppressor (CD 8+) and NK-cells (CD +16) were determined in the peripheral blood by indirect immunofluorescence test. A decreased number of lymphocytes and NK-cells as well as an increased number of T-suppressor lymphocytes were noted. That contributed to the decrease of T-helper/T-suppressor ratio in the subjects occupationally exposed to organic solvents. Cigarette smoking enhanced this disorder.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

The effect of cigarettes smoking on the blood counts of T and NK cells in subjects with occupational exposure to organic solvents.

The study was carried out in a population of 139 men, divided into two control groups: 40 non-smokers and 39 smokers not exposed to chemical compounds, and two groups exposed to them: 19 non-smokers and 41 cigarette smokers with occupational contact with organic solvents. The results of toxicological analyses of air and chromatographic analyses of solvents demonstrated the presence of benzene, toluene, xylene and their partly hydrogenated derivatives, paraffin hydrocarbons, oleins, naphthenes (components of painter's naphtha), monohydric and polyhydric alcohols (butanol, cyclohexanol, butylene glycol) esters (ethyleneglycol acetate, butyl acetate) and ketones (methylisobutyl ketone, cyclohexanone). In the time of the studies the TWA values for benzene were 0 to 38 mg x m-3 (0 to 12 ppm), with arithmetic mean averages of about 19 mg x m-3 (6 ppm) and for the level of benzene 0-351 mg x m-3 (0-110 ppm) with arithmetic mean annual averages of about 48 mg x m-3 (15 ppm). Mean phenol concentration in the urine of the workers in groups I, II, III and IV respectively was: 7.9 +/- 3.5; 10.0 +/- 5.8; 16.8 +/- 6.2 and 18.4 +/- 9.7 mg x l-1. Hippuric acid concentration in the urine of the workers in groups I to IV was: 496 +/- 326, 538 +/- 341, 982 +/- 420 and 1107 +/- 507 mg x l-1 respectively. The absolute counts were determined of T-cells (CD 3+), T-helper (CD 4+), T-suppressor (CD 8+) cells and natural killer (NK) cells (CD 16+) in the peripheral blood by indirect immunofluorescence. In the subjects with occupational exposure to organic solvents the counts of T-cells and NK-cells were reduced, and the number of T-suppressor cells was raised which resulted in a decrease of the T-helper/T-suppressor ratio. These changes were more pronounced in cigarette smokers. The assessment of the immunotoxic effect of organic solvents during occupational exposure should take into consideration the possibility of a synergistic action with tobacco and may be of practical use for monitoring the toxic effect of organic solvents on the lymphocyte system.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Synthesis and antibacterial testing of some new quinolines, pyridazinoquinolines and spiroindoloquinolines.

3-Dicyanomethylideneindole derivatives were involved in (i) ring expansion reactions in alcoholic piperidine to form new quinolines from which a new pyridazinoquinoline was synthesised; and (ii) formation of new spiroindoloquinolines by reactions with cyclohexanone and beta-tetralone. The suggested structures of the new products were confirmed by IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and mass spectral analyses. Some of the new derivatives were active against the bacteria Escherichia cell.

4-Quinolones↗
PubMed1976

Thin-layer and gas chromatographic determination of ketamine and its biotransformed products in biological fluids.

Ketamine, (2-(o-chlorophenyl)-2-methylamine cyclohexanone) and its in vivo metabolite I (2-(o-chlorophenyl)-2-aminocyclohexanone) and metabolite II (2-(o-chlorophenyl)-2-amino-5-cyclohexene-1-one) were determined by thin-layer (TLC) and gas chromatography (GC). In vivo studies include intraperitoneal injection of ketamine in rats. Urine and blood samples were collected at regular intervals. The unreacted ketamine and its biotransformed products were extracted from urine and blood and subjected to TLC and GC analysis. 1% Carbowax-20M on Gas Chrom G-AW-DMCS and precoated LQ6D TLC plates were used in this study. In conclusion a rapid, simple, accurate, and sensitive thin-layer and gas chromatographic method for the identification of ketamine and its metabolites from biological fluids have been developed.

Animals↗