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PubMedDate not supplied

SGS--Spatial Genetic Software: a computer program for analysis of spatial genetic and phenotypic structures of individuals and populations.

We have developed a program called Spatial Genetic Software (SGS), which provides a user-friendly Windows tool to analyze both local and broad scale genetic and phenotypic structure. It can deal with nearly any type of genetic data, codominant (allozyme, PCR-RFLP, microsatellite) or dominant (RAPD, AFLP) markers, or biparentally (nuclear) or uniparentally (cpDNA and mtDNA) inherited markers. Data based on any of these markers can be analyzed, either as individual genotypes within a single population (local scale) or as allele or haplotype frequencies from different populations (broad scale). We also include a simple approach to analysis of spatial structure for continuous quantitative traits. The program implements various parameters to analyze spatial genetic and phenotypic structure: Moran's index, Geary's index, number of alleles in common, and approaches using genetic distances and F(ST) values. The statistical significance of all measures is verified by the use of a permutation test. The results are assessed by graphics that can be integrated, via the clipboard, to other Windows programs. The details of the computations are given in a table and can be stored as ASCII files.

Demography↗
PubMed1978

Application of a computer program for the mapping of a gene locus to the disputed PGM3 localization on human chromosome 6.

The program GENEMAP, which performs the computations of a model for the mapping of a gene locus (Baur & Spitzer 1978), is applied to the localization of the phosphoglucomutase 3 with family data as published by Lamm et al. (1972), Rittner & Kalbheim (1975), Albert et al. (1977) and Kömpf et al. (1977). On the basis of Lamm's recombination fractions the combined odds were 13 : 1 in favor of an orientation of PGM3 to the HLA--B-side.

Chromosome Mapping↗
PubMed1984

Computation of glomerular filtration rate with Tc-99m DTPA: an in-house computer program.

The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) can be computed from the scintigraphic determination of Tc-99m DTPA (diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid) uptake within the kidneys. The required computations are straightforward and can easily be included in the software of various computers, including a hospital's existing data-processing system. This report presents a complete operational program based on extensive experience with this method. The program is easy to use, allows for adjustments to be made for unusual clinical conditions, and produces a permanent record that can be issued as part of the final report.

Computers↗
PubMed2002

A computer program to fit a family and community medicine set-up.

A local Personal Computer (PC) network program has been designed to improve training and patient care in Family and Community Medicine set-up. The software was designed to cope with the different clinical, preventive, promotive and statistical programs of the teaching set-up. This system serves multiple levels of patient priority, assigning each patient to an individual health team staff. The present software is designed to be used for IBM PC Pentium hardware with a Window's environment. This article is a summary of the main features of the program and its applications. Such a program is essential in comprehensive health care-related decision-making and in improving patient care. The authors recommend using similar programs in family practice and in primary health care centers.

Community Health Services↗
PubMed1985

A mathematical model and computer program for adriamycin distribution and elimination.

A mathematical physiological flow model is described for the distribution and elimination of adriamycin in the rat. The model includes the volume or mass of, and blood flow to the following tissues: heart, plasma, muscle, skin, kidney, bone marrow, gut, liver and bile. A compartment is also included for tight or almost irreversible binding which occurs with this drug. The program was written in FORTRAN to compute the concentration of drug in each tissue as a function of time after bolus injection or short term infusion. The computed data is printed on a line printer and recorded on disk for use in a SAS program GPLOT to obtain precision plots.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Prospective comparative study of computer programs used for management of warfarin.

AIMS: To compare the effectiveness of three computerised systems that are currently used for assisting warfarin control in outpatients with the customary dosing method used by experienced medical staff. METHODS: A pilot randomised study of three systems with a follow up independently randomised study of two of these was made on 186 patients receiving long term treatment or who had recently started warfarin treatment and had been discharged from hospital. RESULTS: All three computerised systems seemed to give satisfactory control compared with the traditional dosing method. For patients receiving more intensive treatment with an assigned target range of 3.0-4.5 computerised dosage programs achieved significantly better control; the medical staff undertreated such patients almost 50% of the time. CONCLUSION: Computer based programs can assist outpatient anticoagulant control with warfarin during both early and long term treatment. For most patients the control achieved is as good as that obtained by the customary method of dosing, by experienced clinic doctors, although the latter tend to be too conservative when dosing patients within the intense target range of 3.0 to 4.5 International Normalised Ratio (INR). The computers were significantly more successful in this higher range.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

The virtual NMR spectrometer: a computer program for efficient simulation of NMR experiments involving pulsed field gradients.

This paper presents a software program, the Virtual NMR Spectrometer, for computer simulation of multichannel, multidimensional NMR experiments on user-defined spin systems. The program is capable of reproducing most features of the modern NMR experiment, including homo- and heteronuclear pulse sequences, phase cycling, pulsed field gradients, and shaped pulses. Two different approaches are implemented to simulate the effect of pulsed field gradients on coherence selection, an explicit calculation of all coherence transfer pathways, and an effective approximate method using integration over multiple positions in the sample. The applications of the Virtual NMR Spectrometer are illustrated using homonuclear COSY and DQF COSY experiments with gradient selection, heteronuclear HSQC, and TROSY. The program uses an intuitive graphical user interface, which resembles the appearance and operation of a real spectrometer. A translator is used to allow the user to design pulse sequences with the same programming language used in the actual experiment on a real spectrometer. The Virtual NMR Spectrometer is designed as a useful tool for developing new NMR experiments and for tuning and adjusting the experimental setup for existing ones prior to running costly NMR experiments, in order to reduce the setup time on a real spectrometer. It will also be a useful aid for learning the general principles of magnetic resonance and contemporary innovations in NMR pulse sequence design.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1989

PROPOV-K: a FORTRAN program for computing a kappa coefficient using a proportional overlap procedure.

The computer program PROPOV-K allows the computation of an unweighted kappa coefficient for expressing interrater agreement in the general case in which multiple raters (not necessarily fixed in number) formulate a variable number of multiple diagnoses for each subject. PROPOV-K assesses agreement among lists of multiple diagnoses composed of nonordered categories. PROPOV-K calculates a kappa coefficient on the basis of estimating proportion of agreement between two diagnostic formulations as the ratio of the number of agreements between specific categories over the number of different specific categories mentioned in the two diagnostic lists. When multiple raters formulate a variable number of multiple diagnoses for each subject, the use of a kappa coefficient has been limited to researchers since there are no generally available computer programs. The purpose of this paper is to present a FORTRAN computer program allowing the computation of a kappa coefficient for the case mentioned above and to illustrate its use with examples respectively involving multiple psychiatric and multiple physical diagnoses.

Algorithms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An efficient technique for the development of computer programs for electrocardiogram interpretation.

In this paper is presented an efficient technique for the development of electrocardiogram (ECG) interpretation software, executed rapidly on inexpensive specialized mini or microcomputers; the method--based on the author's experience--is under medical control. The first part of the paper presents the ideal characteristics of an ECG computer interpretation program which in the author's opinion are not yet implemented by any of the present equipment of ECG analysis. The second part presents the author's approach of the problem and the last part gives a description of the programming techniques used.

Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted↗
PubMed1997

A computer program to promote understanding of the monitoring method evaluation guidelines used at NIOSH.

A computer-based training program has been devised to promote better understanding of the recently revised National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) test guidelines applicable to methods requiring on-site sample collection and laboratory sample analysis of airborne toxic substances. A statistics section explains the basis of the NIOSH accuracy criterion (NAC); an experiments section provides details on the evaluation experiments; and a calculations section calculates method statistics based on data entered by the user. The statistics section graphically explains concepts such as the NAC and limit of detection, allowing the user to experiment with some parameters to see how the results are affected. This section also provides background material to show how some of the performance criteria evolved. The experiments section provides a summary of the experiments used to generate the data for method evaluation. The calculations section has several screens that work like customized spreadsheets for the entry of data collected during the laboratory evaluation of a method. A separate screen then calculates the precision (relative standard deviation) of analytical results at each of four concentrations, tests to see if the precision values are statistically homogeneous, and combines the homogeneous data for calculation of the relative standard deviation. It does the same for bias, and combines the precision with method bias to arrive at an estimate of method accuracy. Other screens in the calculations section facilitate the determination of method limit of detection and sample storage stability.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗
PubMed1993

Algorithm and computer program Pro__Anal for analysis of relationship between structure and activity in a family of proteins or peptides.

In this paper we introduce a computer algorithm and program Pro__Anal for analysis of the structure-activity relationship in a family of evolutionarily related (and/or artificially mutated) proteins/peptides. The program uses aligned amino acid sequences with data of their activity (pK, Km, ED50 or any other) and searches for correlations between data on activity and various physico-chemical characteristics of different regions in primary structures. In automatic mode, the program generates and verifies hypotheses on the disposition of a sequential modulating region in a protein, and key characteristics of the region. In manual mode, users can generate and analyze their own hypotheses. The program is implemented on IBM PC or compatible computers. It is designed to be easily handled by the occasional computer user and yet it is powerful enough for experienced professionals. Pro__Anal operation is demonstrated on the example of finding modulating centers in a family of disintegrins-proteins from snake venoms which inhibit fibrinogen interaction with platelet receptors. In another example it is shown that the immunogenicity of peptides is connected with their positive charge.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1993

A computer program for application in epidemiological analysis.

The importance of computer science as a working tool for the health sector is an unquestionable fact in any modern society. EPIDEMO, developed by the authors, can be defined as a set of programs whose main characteristic is its ability to process a given series of data in a totally integrated way, with an epidemiological and statistical approach. EPIDEMO is a program with a good relational database, which allows preliminary statistical analyses of data that can easily be expanded with more specific statistical options, and is compatible with other programs available on the market. It is a useful, accurate and versatile tool that meets the needs of health professionals in the field of epidemiological research.

Databases, Factual↗
PubMed1982

Computer program for searching the biomedical literature in teratology, developmental biology, and reproductive biology.

A word profile program has been developed in conjunction with the services of the Institute for Scientific Information for surveying the literature in teratology, developmental biology, and reproductive biology. It has been revised many times to improve the discriminating qualities of the program. It should provide scientists with a current review of the published articles in the field for a relatively low cost. This same program, if purchased as an individual subscriber, would cost ten times the ISI regular subscription price for the ASCA service. Colleagues and subscribers are encouraged to make recommendations that will improve the program.

Computers↗
PubMed1985

A simple database computer program for ophthalmic use.

We have written a program in BASIC language which stores, recalls, and manipulates a limited amount of clinical information that we use in teaching and clinical practice. The program runs on an IBM personal computer with Microsoft DOS and BASIC. An illustrative search routine uses simple data simulation of the results of argon laser trabeculoplasty therapy for open-angle glaucoma.

Computers↗
PubMed1975

A computer program for deriving the rate equations of enzyme catalysed reactions with unbranched mechanisms.

This paper describes a simple program for a desk-top computer which determines the relative concentrations of enzyme-containing intermediates appearing in an enzyme catalysed reaction where the intermediates lie in an unbranched sequence originating and terminating in one enzyme intermediate. This information, the distribution function, then gives the rate equation by the usual means (Wong and Hanes, 1962). The method is rapid and has the advantage that the distribution function may be presented in its complete form or in terms of its dependence on the concentration of the substrates and products. It is also possible to determine the effects of dead-end inhibition.

Computers↗
PubMed1986

A computer program for comparative analysis of nucleic acid sequences.

The programs offer the possibility of comparing pairs of homologous sequences in order to find out percentage of homology, number of identical and deviating nucleotides, of transitions and transversions and, derived from these, KNUC-values according to Kimura (1) and the corresponding standard error sigmaK. The sequences can be printed in pairs underneath each other, homologies are indicated by asterisks between the identical nucleotides. Out of a set of homologous sequences stored on a disk any number of sequences can be compared in pairs in this way, and a matrix containing either the percentage of homology values, the number of deviating nucleotides or the KNUC-values together with the corresponding standard errors can be sent to screen, printer or disk. A program will be available soon which creates a dendrogram representing the similarity between the sequences by use of an average linkage clustering method deduced from this matrix. The programs are written for Apple II computers using UCSD-PASCAL and for Sirius I/Victor 9000 computers using TURBO-PASCAL.

Base Sequence↗