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At least 649 records · Page 36Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Capsule endoscopy in patients with chronic abdominal pain.

BACKGROUND: Patients with chronic abdominal pain consult gastroenterologists frequently, requiring a large number of examinations. AIM: To assess the diagnostic yield of capsule endoscopy in patients with chronic abdominal pain of unknown origin and negative diagnostic work-up. PATIENTS: From January 2002 to September 2004, 16 patients (10 female; mean age 42.7 years) who complained of chronic abdominal pain were referred to our unit for capsule endoscopy. METHODS: Chronic abdominal pain was defined as continuous or almost continuous, for at least 3 months and without criteria for other gastrointestinal disorders. All patients had a previous diagnostic work-up including abdominal ultrasonography, oesophagogastroduodenoscopy, colonoscopy and small bowel follow through, performed within 2 months. RESULTS: Capsule endoscopy was normal in 12 patients (75%). Small bowel abnormalities were found in three patients, but were considered irrelevant. In one patient (6.3%), capsule endoscopy revealed ileal erosions and inflammation and was retained in a stricture undetected by radiology. This patient underwent elective surgery which revealed an ileal carcinoid neoplasm. CONCLUSIONS: Capsule endoscopy identified a specific cause of chronic abdominal pain in only one patient. Capsule endoscopy is a safe procedure but does not seem to play an important role in the evaluation of patients with chronic abdominal pain of unknown origin.

Abdominal Pain↗
PubMed2006

Capsule endoscopy: where are we after 6 years of clinical use?

Capsule endoscopy has revolutionised the management of digestive tract diseases by providing a new non-invasive way to view the entire small bowel mucosa directly. Obscure gastrointestinal bleeding is the primary and best validated indication to capsule endoscopy, which when used as first-line exploration is the most efficient strategy as regards diagnosis. In these patients, the technique is also helpful for effective decision-making concerning subsequent treatments. There is significant uncertainty regarding the role of capsule endoscopy in patients with Crohn's disease. Although it is clearly more sensitive than conventional imaging modalities, the implications of the lesions identified with this technique are not fully understood. Further prospective studies are required to identify the clinical settings where capsule endoscopy is most effective in these patients. Capsule endoscopy may potentially lead to diagnosis of small bowel tumours earlier in their course; it should be used as first-line surveillance procedure in patients with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, and it may be of clinical value in selected patients with familial adenomatous polyposis. Although preliminary results are promising, additional research is necessary to determine its role in the diagnosis and management of coeliac disease, as well as for the diagnosis of oesophageal and large bowel disorders. Well-designed studies are also needed to better define the impact of capsule endoscopy on health care use and clinical outcome of patients with intestinal diseases.

Adenomatous Polyposis Coli↗
PubMed2006

Novel solvent-free fabrication of biodegradable poly-lactic-glycolic acid (PLGA) capsules for antibiotics and rhBMP-2 delivery.

Osteomyelitis has been one of the most common causes of post-operative problems and complications despite the advances in surgical techniques and the availability of newly developed antibiotics. Local antibiotic and growth factor delivery devices for treatment of various surgical infections have been studied recently, especially in the case of orthopedic infections. The report was to develop novel solvent-free biodegradable capsules for antibiotics and growth factors delivery. To fabricate a biodegradable capsule, polylactide-polyglycolide copolymers were pre-mixed with vancomycin. The mixture was then compression molded and sintered to form a cylinder with a cover of 8 mm in diameter. After the addition of 1 and 10 microg recombinant bone morphogenetic protein (rhBMP-2) into the core, an ultrasonic welder was used to seal the capsules. An elution method was employed to characterize the in vitro release characteristics of the antibiotics and the rhBMP-2 over a 30-day period. The HPLC analysis and the bacterial inhibition test showed that biodegradable capsules released high concentrations and activity of vancomycin (well above the minimum inhibition concentration) in vitro for the period of time needed to treat bone infection; i.e. 4-6 weeks. In addition, the results of ELISA and ALP tests also suggested that the capsules released active rhBMP-2 for up to 30 days. By adopting this novel technique, we will be able to fabricate biodegradable capsules of various medicines for long-term drug deliveries.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Bi-directional mechanical properties of the posterior region of the glenohumeral capsule.

The objective of this study was to determine the mechanical properties of the posterior region of the glenohumeral capsule in the directions perpendicular (transverse) and parallel (longitudinal) to the longitudinal axis of the posterior band of the inferior glenohumeral ligament. A punch was used to excise one transverse and one longitudinal tissue sample from the posterior capsule of 11 cadaveric shoulders. All tissue samples exhibited the typical nonlinear behavior reported for ligaments and tendons. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were detected between the transverse and longitudinal tissue samples for ultimate stress (1.5+/-1.4 and 4.9+/-2.9 MPa, respectively) and tangent modulus (10.3+/-6.6 and 31.5+/-12.7 MPa, respectively). No significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed between the ultimate strain (transverse: 22.3+/-12.5%, longitudinal: 22.8+/-11.1%) and strain energy density (transverse: 27.2+/-52.8 MPa, longitudinal: 67.5+/-88.2 MPa) of the transverse and longitudinal tissue samples. The ratio of the longitudinal to transverse moduli (4.8+/-4.2) was similar to that found for the axillary pouch (3.3+/-2.8) in a previous study. Thus, both the axillary pouch and the posterior capsule function to stabilize the joint multi-axially. Future analytical models of the glenohumeral joint should consider the properties of the posterior capsule in its transverse and longitudinal directions to fully describe the behavior of the glenohumeral capsule. These models will be clinically important by providing a more accurate representation of the intact capsule as well as simulated capsular injuries and surgical repair procedures.

Anisotropy↗
PubMed2006

Capsule staining as an adjunct to cataract surgery: a report from the American Academy of Ophthalmology.

OBJECTIVE: This document evaluates currently available data in the published literature to answer the question of whether the use of dye such as indocyanine green or trypan blue to stain the lens capsule to improve visualization is safe and effective as an adjunct to cataract surgery. METHODS: Literature searches conducted in March 2003 and May 2004 retrieved 139 citations. The panel members reviewed the abstracts and selected 47 of possible clinical relevance for review. An additional 14 articles were identified for evaluation. Of the 61 articles reviewed, the panel members selected 36 for the panel methodologist to review and rate according to the strength of the evidence. A level I rating was assigned to properly conducted, well-designed, randomized clinical trials; a level II rating was assigned to well-designed cohort and case-control studies; and a level III rating was assigned to case series and case reports. RESULTS: There is level III evidence that indocyanine green, trypan blue, and fluorescein are each effective in staining the lens capsule and that indocyanine green and trypan blue provide better ease of use and visualization of the capsule than fluoroscein. There is level II evidence that staining the capsule is helpful in completing capsulorrhexis and that it is helpful for pediatric patients under age 5 years and in cases of white cataract. The overall surgical advantage of a completed continuous curvilinear capsulorrhexis using dye has not been demonstrated, but this may be related to the outcome measures chosen rather than a failure to confer advantage. There are substantial data indicating that trypan blue 0.1% is not toxic to the cornea. There are limited data suggesting that indocyanine green 0.125% to 0.5% is not toxic to anterior segment structures. CONCLUSIONS: There are data confirming that dye is safe and effective as an adjunct for capsule visualization in cataract surgery. It is reasonable to use dye when inadequate capsule visualization may compromise the outcome in cataract surgery. More studies are needed to confirm a lack of toxicity of indocyanine green and trypan blue, particularly in the event of posterior segment or longer duration exposure.

Academies and Institutes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Human lumbar facet joint capsule strains: I. During physiological motions.

BACKGROUND CONTEXT: The lumbar facet joint capsule is innervated with nociceptors and mechanoreceptors, and is thought to play a role in low back pain as well as to function proprioceptively. PURPOSE: In order to examine the facet capsule's potential proprioceptive role, relationships between intracapsular strain and relative spine position were examined. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: Lumbar facet joint capsule strains were measured in human cadaveric specimens during displacement-controlled motions. METHODS: Ligamentous lumbar spine specimens (n=7) were potted and actuated without inducing a moment at the point of application. Spines were tested during physiological motions of extension, flexion, left and right lateral bending. Intervertebral angulations (IVA) were measured using biaxial inclinometers mounted on adjacent vertebrae. Joint moments were determined from the applied load at T12 and the respective moment arms. Capsule plane strains were measured by optically tracking the displacements of infrared reflective markers glued to capsule surfaces. Statistical differences (p<.05) in moment, IVA and strain were assessed across facet joint levels using analysis of variance and comparison of linear regressions. RESULTS: The developed moments and IVAs increased monotonically with increasing displacements; the relationships were highly correlated for all four motion types. Although highly variable among specimens, principal strains also increased monotonically in magnitude with increasing displacements during extension and flexion, but were more complex during lateral bending. At a given joint level, the absolute magnitudes of principal strains and IVA were largest during the same motion type. CONCLUSIONS: Distinct patterns in principal strains and IVA were identified during physiological motions, lending biomechanical support to the theory that lumbar facet joint capsules could function proprioceptively.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

The madurai intraocular lens study IV: posterior capsule opacification.

PURPOSE: To estimate the cumulative incidence of posterior capsule opacification 4 years after surgery in patients who participated in the Madurai Intraocular Lens Study and had extracapsular cataract extraction with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation. METHODS: In the Madurai Intraocular Lens Study, 1,700 patients with best-corrected visual acuity 20/120 or worse in the better eye had extracapsular cataract extraction with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation, and 1,474 (86.7%) of these completed the 1-year follow-up examination. From this group of 1,474 pseudophakic patients, 400 were randomly selected for reexamination 4 years after the original surgery. The eye that was operated on was examined by an ophthalmologist who was involved in the 1-year follow-up examinations and posterior capsule opacification grading. A grading of I to III was used to reflect the degree of opacification. With grades II and III, posterior capsule opacification detectable with an undilated pupil was present in the central axis. RESULTS: Three hundred twenty-seven (81.8%) of the selected population were examined between October 1997 and December 1998. Thirty-four (8.5%) were confirmed as being deceased, and 39 (9.8%) were unavailable for follow-up. The median age was 60 years, and 57.2% were women. The 4-year incidence of grade II or III posterior capsule opacification, including eyes already treated with laser capsulotomy, was 13.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 9.7% to 17.3%). Each year of increased age was associated with a decreased risk of posterior capsule opacification (odds ratio, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.92 to 1.00). Based on best-corrected visual acuity of 20/40 or worse without co-existing pathology, the 4-year incidence of posterior capsule opacification was 13.5%. CONCLUSION: Because patients with relatively mature cataracts routinely receive extracapsular cataract extraction with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation instead of the traditional intracapsular extraction, the subsequent need for laser capsulotomy may be less than that anticipated, based on previous reports.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Can clinical features predict the likelihood of finding abnormalities when using capsule endoscopy in patients with GI bleeding of obscure origin?

BACKGROUND: Capsule endoscopy is becoming the investigation of choice for GI bleeding of obscure etiology. This study examined whether clinical or other features predict an increased likelihood of finding a lesion in patients with this type of bleeding. METHODS: Clinical and other data were collected prospectively for 92 patients undergoing capsule endoscopy for GI bleeding of obscure origin. Patients were divided into two groups: those with overt bleeding (42 patients) and those with anemia alone (50 patients). The relationship between these data and the findings at capsule endoscopy was examined. RESULTS: A definite or probable cause of bleeding was found in 60 patients (angiodysplasias 47, tumor 7, ulcer 3, gastric antral vascular ectasia 2). There was no difference between the two groups with respect to age, gender, mode of presentation, duration of bleeding, or need for transfusion. Lesions were found as often in patients who had only one preceding endoscopy and colonoscopy as in those who had multiple procedures. Colonic cleansing and cecal imaging by the capsule did not influence the result. Hospitalized patients were more likely to have an actively bleeding lesion detected. CONCLUSIONS: Capsule endoscopy is equally useful in patients with overt and occult GI bleeding of obscure origin. Capsule endoscopy should be performed early in the evaluation of these patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

A prospective trial comparing wireless capsule endoscopy and barium contrast series for small-bowel surveillance in hereditary GI polyposis syndromes.

BACKGROUND: Capsule endoscopy has demonstrated its clinical utility in the evaluation of the small bowel, and, accordingly, it has been suggested that it could be useful for the identification of small-intestinal polyps in patients with polyposis syndromes. The objective was to establish the effectiveness of wireless capsule endoscopy for detecting small-bowel polyps in patients with hereditary GI polyposis syndromes in comparison with barium contrast series. METHODS: Consecutive patients with GI polyposis syndromes were included. Small-bowel follow-through series and capsule endoscopy were performed within 1 week, in a blind fashion. The number and the location of polyps were analyzed. RESULTS: Twenty-four patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (n = 20) or Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (n = 4) were included. Capsule endoscopy detected small-bowel polyps in 7 of 24 patients (29%), whereas a barium contrast study identified small-intestinal polyps in only 3 of these 7 patients. In the 4 remaining patients, all of them with familial adenomatous polyposis, polyps detected by the capsule but missed in radiographic series were located at either ileum (2 patients), jejunum (1), or duodenum (1). No procedure-related complication was observed in any patient. CONCLUSIONS: Wireless capsule endoscopy is a highly accurate technique for the detection of small-bowel polyps in patients with hereditary GI polyposis syndromes, and it represents a valuable alternative to barium contrast series in the surveillance of patients with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome.

Administration, Rectal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Immunohistochemical identification of proteoglycan types in fibrotic human capsules with intraocular lens implants.

Lens capsules become fibrotic after cataract extraction. A variety of extracellular matrix (ECM) components accumulate on these capsules in association with the proliferation of lens epithelial cells. To provide a better understanding of the process of capsular fibrosis, we assessed the types of proteoglycans (PG) in human lens capsules with intraocular lenses (IOL). Lens capsules containing IOLs were removed from 1 patient with proliferative vitreoretinopathy and 1 patient with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. After treatment with chondroitinase ABC, tissue sections were processed for immunohistochemical detection of the proteoglycans including chondroitin, large PG, chondroitin 4-sulfate PG, chondroitin 6-sulfate PG, dermatan sulfate PG, and keratan sulfate PG. Extracellular matrix was found on the inner surface of the capsular bag. In association with what appeared to be proliferating lens epithelial cells, each of the six types of PG was present in the ECM on the capsules. All six types of PG might be involved in the fibrosis and opacification of lens capsules after extraction of the cataract and implantation of the IOL.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pathological findings in lens capsule and silicone intraocular lens extracted from eye with chronic infectious endophthalmitis.

The lens capsule and silicone intraocular lens (IOL) extracted from the eye of a patient with chronic infectious endophthalmitis was examined histopathologically to evaluate the pathology of a capsule and IOL surfaces in the presence of bacterial infection. A 69-year-old man developed an infection in his right eye 4 months after phacoemulsification and aspiration of a cataract and implantation of a silicone IOL. During vitrectomy, the capsule and IOL were extracted and processed for light or scanning electron microscopy. Cryosections of the capsule were subjected to Gram staining and immunohistochemical tests for extracellular matrix components. The lens capsule contained an accumulation of extracellular matrix, including collagen types and fibronectin. A colony of Gram-positive rod bacteria was detected inside the capsular bag. Scanning electron microscopy failed to detect any microorganisms on the IOL surface. Histological examination of cryosections of the extracted capsule confirmed the presence of infection during surgery even though preoperative cultures of intraocular fluid were negative. Immediate antibacterial treatment could be initiated.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

Spatial distribution of hip capsule structural and material properties.

Contemporary computational models potentially allow the practical incorporation of the effects of a joint capsule on both motion and the loads transmitted to the other parts of the joint. However, the required material properties have not been available for this purpose. To determine these properties we took both hip joints from five fresh-frozen, nondiseased cadavers. Following dissection and potting of the hemi-pelvis, distraction of the intact joint was conducted to measure the structural tangent stiffness of the joint capsule. Anatomical insertion points of the hip capsule were then recorded, and a complete capsulectomy was performed. Once excised, the capsule was sectioned into eight, approximately even sectors, and initial geometrical measurements were recorded for material property calculations. Material properties (i.e., structural tangent stiffness, failure load, ultimate strength, tangent modulus) were calculated using the load-displacement and geometric data collected for each of the sectors. This specimen-to-specimen thickness variability reveals significantly lower (p<0.01) average tangent structural stiffness values in the posterior-inferior portion of the capsule. Explorations of hip stability using numerical models can now be enhanced by incorporation of these experimental capsule data.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Accelerated oral absorption of gliclazide in human subjects from a soft gelatin capsule containing a PEG 400 suspension of gliclazide.

Whether a rapid elevation of serum gliclazide concentration in human subjects can be achieved through an acceleration of dissolution of gliclazide from a formulation was examined. A soft gelatin capsule containing PEG 400, PEG 4000, Tween 20 and glycerin was prepared as a formulation that may accelerate dissolution of gliclazide. The in vitro dissolution of gliclazide at pH 7.2 was identical for the soft capsule and conventional tablets, Diamicron and Diberin. However, at pH 1, 2 and 4.0 the dissolution from the soft capsule was more rapid compared to the tablets. When bioavailability parameters were compared following oral administration of the soft capsule and Diamicron to 16 healthy Korean male subjects, the parameters representing the amount of adsorption (i.e. the area under the serum gliclazide concentration vs. time curve up to 24 h, AUC24, and the peak serum concentration Cmax) were not statistically different for both formulations. However, the time required to reach the peak (Tmax) was significantly shorter for the soft capsule than for the Diamicron. Our results, therefore, indicate that a rapid elevation of serum gliclazide concentration following oral administration of a formulation can be achieved by accelerating the in vitro dissolution of gliclazide from the formulation into the acidic buffers. Thus, the rate of gastrointestinal absorption of gliclazide appears to be dependent on its in vivo dissolution rate in gastric fluid. A soft capsule containing a PEG 400 suspension of gliclazide appears to be an appropriate formulation for accelerating the dissolution.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2003

[Role of capsule endoscopy in patients with obscure digestive bleeding].

INTRODUCTION: The identification and localization of lesions located in the small intestine that may provoke gastrointestinal bleeding is difficult. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the role of capsule endoscopy in patients with obscure digestive bleeding and to compare the results obtained with those of enteroscopy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-one patients with obscure digestive bleeding (acute hemorrhage in 11 patients and chronic anemia in 10) and normal total fibergastroscopy and fibrocolonoscopy were analyzed. All patients were instructed to receive the capsule and enteroscopy was performed after 1 week. The results obtained using both procedures were independently compared and without knowledge of the results of the other procedure. RESULTS: Visualization of findings potentially related to gastrointestinal bleeding was significantly greater (p < 0.05) using the capsule (14 of 21 patients [66%]) than with enteroscopy (4 of 21 patients [19%]). The most frequent lesions were angiodysplasias and jejunal ulcers. In 4 patients, the results obtained led to a change in therapeutic approach. One patient with jejunal stenosis and two with ileal lesions underwent surgery, which confirmed the diagnosis of Crohn's disease in the first patient and carcinoid tumor in the remaining two. Another patient with evidence of angiodysplasia and bleeding was effectively treated with Argon-beam during enteroscopy. The capsule was well tolerated in all patients. In the patient with jejunal stenosis, capsule extraction was required during surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Capsule endoscopy allows adequate visualization of the entire small intestine and its diagnostic efficacy is greater than that of enteroscopy in patients with obscure digestive bleeding. Moreover, in our series, this procedure allowed modification of therapy in one out of every five patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Capsulated versus hand-mixed glass-ionomer luting cements for post retention.

OBJECTIVES: Glass-ionomer luting cements are supplied in two forms, as loose powder and liquid to be hand-mixed (HM) or pre-proportioned in a capsule to be mechanically mixed (MM). This study was to determine if post retention in pull-out tests was affected by the method of mixing the cement. METHODS: Two hundred stainless steel posts of diameter 1.75 mm were cemented within post-channels prepared in stainless steel cylinders using two hand-mixed cements FJL and KCL (Fuji I Luting Cement and Ketac-Cem Luting Cement) and two capsulated cements FJC and KCM (Fuji Cap I and Ketac-Cem Maxicap). Three groups of test specimens were prepared. In Group I each cement was mixed as recommended by the manufacturer, Group II cements were placed within a capsule and mechanically mixed and in Group III cements were removed from the capsule and mixed by hand. Specimens were stored for 1 h at 37 degrees C and 100% humidity prior to post pull-out tests at a crosshead speed of 10 mm min-1. The maximum loads at failure were subjected to Weibull analysis and Mann-Whitney tests to determine probabilities of survival and significant differences between the groups. RESULTS: Significant differences (P < 0.05) were found between all pairs of cements tested except KCM(MM) vs FJL(HM), FJL(MM) vs KCL(HM), KCL(MM), vs KCL(HM), FJC(HM) vs FJC(MM), KCL(MM) vs FJL(MM). CONCLUSIONS: The capsulated cements as supplied by the manufacturers are preferable to the equivalent hand-mixed formulations, as they give higher probabilities of survival when subjected to a given load. Both capsulated and hand-mixed formulations of Fuji had higher probabilities of survival compared to the corresponding Ketac cements. The probability of post survival can be altered by the method of mixing the cement.

Capsules↗
PubMed2003

Regulation of capsule biosynthesis in serotype A strains of Pasteurella multocida.

The capsule of Pasteurella multocida serotype A strain ATCC 11039 is composed of hyaluronic acid and is an important virulence factor. Repeated subculturing of certain capsular serotype A strains results in dissociation from a capsulated to a noncapsulated phenotype with a concomitant loss of virulence. Although noncapsulated variants have been thought to arise as a result of mutation, the molecular mechanisms underlying this event are unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that restoration of the capsulated phenotype occurs in vivo subsequent to intraperitoneal inoculation of BALB/c mice with a noncapsulated variant. Moreover, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed the capsule locus to be under transcriptional control. Cloning and sequencing of a 290-bp fragment within the promoter containing intergenic region of the capsule locus of 11039/iso revealed no significant alterations occurred subsequent to subculturing. These results demonstrate that serotype A P. multocida strain ATCC 11039 regulates capsule expression in response to an unidentified environmental factor(s), thereby providing insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying colonial dissociation.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Powder filling into hard gelatine capsules on a tamp filling machine.

A series of pharmaceutical excipient powders used in capsule formulations as fillers have been filled into hard gelatine capsules on a Bosch GKF-400S tamp filling machine. These machines depend on pushing pins through a powder bed so that a unit dose is transferred into a dosing disc. This dose is then ejected into the capsule body. The results indicate that the range of powders that can be filled on this type of machine exceeds that applicable to a dosator nozzle system. Filling problems due to powder flooding could be solved by increasing the powder bed height in the powder bowl. The fact that such powders usually do not form a firm plug was not reflected in the coefficient of fill weight variation, and uniform filling could hence be achieved without problems. The influence of the powder bed height on the capsule fill weight increased with decreasing powder flow. The influence of the setting of the tamping pins on the capsule fill weight was comparatively small and further decreased with a decrease in powder flow. However, when a granulated product (Elcema G250) was filled, the tamping pin setting was more important than the influence of the powder bed height on the capsule fill weight. For moderate flowing powders the coefficient of fill weight variation appeared to be nearly independent of powder bed height or tamping pin setting. However, the filling performance of powders with poor flow properties could be adjusted by optimising both machine settings. Very complex relationships were found between the powder properties such as angle of internal flow, dynamic densification profile, Carr's compressibility index and particle size and shape, and the filling behaviour.

Capsules↗
PubMed2000

Dye-enhanced cataract surgery. Part 1: anterior capsule staining for capsulorhexis in advanced/white cataract.

PURPOSE: To evaluate anterior capsule staining using 3 dyes to perform continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (CCC) in postmortem human eyes with advanced/white cataract. SETTING: Center for Research on Ocular Therapeutics and Biodevices, Storm Eye Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA. METHODS: In experimental closed-system surgery, CCC was performed in 12 postmortem human eyes with cataract after the anterior capsule was stained with 3 capsule dyes (fluorescein sodium 2%, indocyanine green [ICG] 0.5%, and trypan blue 0.1%). Two commonly used techniques for capsule staining were also compared: staining within an air bubble and intracameral subcapsular injection of dye. RESULTS: In all globes, CCC was uneventful using the 3 dyes and with both techniques. With the intracameral subcapsular injection, the dye remained trapped in the subcapsular space in contact with the posterior surface of the anterior capsule, allowing enough time to perform any maneuver. The staining provided by ICG, at the concentration used, was slightly superior to that of the other dyes. Leakage of fluorescein sodium into the vitreous cavity was seen using the Miyake-Apple posterior video/photographic technique. CONCLUSION: Intracameral subcapsular injection of ICG allowed the easiest recognition of the capsular flap by staining the posterior surface of the anterior capsule and without leaking into the vitreous cavity.

Cadaver↗